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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Suprax, others[1] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a690007 |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 30 to 50%[5] |
| Protein binding | Approximately 60% |
| Eliminationhalf-life | Variable Average 3 to 4 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney and biliary |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChemCID | |
| DrugBank |
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| ChemSpider |
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| UNII | |
| KEGG |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.119.331 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H15N5O7S2 |
| Molar mass | 453.44 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Cefixime, sold under the brand nameSuprax among others, is anantibiotic medication used to treat a number ofbacterial infections.[5] These infections includeotitis media,strep throat,pneumonia,urinary tract infections,gonorrhea, andLyme disease.[5] For gonorrhea typically only one dose is required.[6] In the United States it is a second-line treatment toceftriaxone for gonorrhea.[5] It is taken by mouth.[5]
Common side effects includediarrhea,abdominal pain, andnausea.[5] Serious side effects may includeallergic reactions andClostridioides difficile diarrhea.[5] It is not recommended in people with a history of a severepenicillin allergy.[6] It appears to be relatively safe duringpregnancy.[7] It is in thethird-generation cephalosporin class of medications.[5] It works by disrupting the bacteria'scell wall resulting in its death.[5]
Cefixime was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1989.[5][8] It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is available as ageneric medication in the United States.[10]
Cefixime treats infections of the:
It is also used to treattyphoid fever.[13][14][5]
Cefixime is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and is commonly used to treat bacterial infections of the ear, urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms:[15]
The bactericidal action of Cefixime is due to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis.[medical citation needed] It binds to one of thepenicillin binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibits the final transpeptidation step of the peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.[medical citation needed]
AbsorptionOnly 40–50% is absorbed from the GI tract (oralbioavailability). Absorption may be slowed but not decreased when taken with food. Average peak concentration after administration of oral suspension is approximately 25–50% greater than the peak concentration following oral tablet or capsules administration.[11]
DistributionIt has high concentrations inbile andurine. It can cross the placenta and its protein binding capacity is 65%.[medical citation needed]
Cefixime is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity or allergies tocephalosporin class ofantibiotics.[11][16] As Cefixime is a third generation cephalosporin, it is not contraindicated for patients with a true penicillin allergy.
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Adverse drug reactions includediarrhea,dyspepsia,nausea and vomiting.[5] Hypersensitivity reactions like skin rashes,urticaria andStevens–Johnson syndrome have been reported.[medical citation needed] There is no specificantidote for cefixime overdosage.[medical citation needed]
It was sold under the trade name Suprax 125 in the United States until 2003, when it was taken off the market by drug manufacturerWyeth after itspatent expired.[citation needed] Lupin started selling Suprax in the United States in 2007,[18] and it is available in different formulations and strengths.[18][19][20][21]
Cefixime is marketed under manybrand names worldwide; examples include Fixacef, Pancef, Caricef, Taxim o, Texit, Ofex, Ceftid, Cef-3, Denvar, 3-C, Cefim, Magnett, Oroken, Ofiken, Fix-A, and Zifi.[1][22] In India it is marketed as Zifi 200 and is commonlycounterfeited.[23]
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