Inmathematics,modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for certainequivalence classes ofintegers, calledcongruence classes. Sometimes it is suggestively called 'clock arithmetic', where numbers 'wrap around' after they reach a certain value (themodulus).For example, when the modulus is 12, then any two numbers that leave the same remainder when divided by 12 are equivalent (or "congruent") to each other.
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