In English,Castilian Spanish can mean the variety ofPeninsular Spanish spoken in northern and centralSpain, thestandard form of Spanish, or Spanish from Spain in general.[1][2][3][4][5][6] In Spanish, the termcastellano (Castilian) can either refer to the Spanish language as a whole (to distinguish it from other Spanish languages such asCatalan,Basque,Galician, etc.), or to the medievalOld Spanish, a predecessor toEarly Modern Spanish.
The termCastilian Spanish is used in English for the specific varieties of Spanish spoken in north and central Spain. This is because much of the variation in Peninsular Spanish is between north and south, often imagined as Castilian versus Andalusian.[7] Typically, it is more loosely used to denote the Spanish spoken in all of Spain as compared to Spanish spoken in Latin America. In Spain itself, Spanish is not a uniform language and there exist several differentvarieties of Spanish; in addition, there are other official and unofficiallanguages in the country, although Spanish is official throughout Spain.
Castellano septentrional ("Northern Castilian") is the Spanish term for the dialects from the Northern half of Spain, including those from Aragón or Navarre, which were never part ofCastile. These dialects can be distinguished from the southern varieties of Andalusia, Extremadura, and Murcia.[8]Español castellano, the literal translation ofCastilian Spanish, is not a common expression; it could refer to varieties found in the region ofCastile; however, the dialects of Castile, like other dialects, are not homogenous, and they tend to merge gradually with the dialects of other regions.[9]
/d/ is elided in the ending-ado throughout nearly all of Spain. In other environments, elision of intervocalic/d/ is characteristic of southern varieties of Spanish.[12]
Syllable-final/s/ is oftenaspirated in Madrid andCastilla–La Mancha. Before a/k/ sound, it can be realized as avoiceless velar fricative[x], such thates que 'it's that' sounds like[exke].[13] In and aroundToledo,/s/ typically remains[s] before/t/, while it's typically aspirated or elided before/p/, and usually aspirated or becomes[x] before/k/.[14]
Spanish from most of the Iberian Peninsula, including Castile, uses anapical[s̠], as opposed to the non-retractedvoiceless alveolar fricative of Andalusian, Canarian, and Latin American Spanish, as well as of English.[16][17]
A wide swath of central Castile is home toleísmo. TheRoyal Spanish Academy considers leísmo to be incorrect, though it considers it to be admissible when referring to a single, male person.[18][19]
^Martnez-Celdrn, Eugenio; Fernndez-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabat, Josefina (December 2003)."Castilian Spanish".Journal of the International Phonetic Association.33 (2):255–259.doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373 (inactive 15 December 2024).S2CID232344066. Retrieved18 March 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
^Dalbor, John B. (March 1980). "Observations on Present-Day Seseo and Ceceo in Southern Spain".Hispania.63 (1):5–19.doi:10.2307/340806.JSTOR340806.
Fernández-Ordóñez, Inés (2016)."Dialectos del Español Peninsular"(PDF). In Gutiérrez-Rexach, Javier (ed.).Enciclopedia de Lingüística Hispánica. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.ISBN9781315713441. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 12, 2020. Retrieved18 March 2022.
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
Phrasebook from Wikivoyage
Data from Wikidata