| Canini | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Canina (represented by thegolden jackal) andCerdocyonina (represented by thecrab-eating fox) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Canidae |
| Subfamily: | Caninae |
| Tribe: | Canini Fischer de Waldheim, 1817[2] |
| Genera[1] | |
| |
Canini is ataxonomic rank which represents the dog-liketribe of the subfamilyCaninae (the canines), and is sister to the fox-like tribeVulpini. The Canini came into existence 9 million years ago. This group was first represented byEucyon, mostly byEucyon davisi that was spread widely across North America[1] and isbasal to the other members of the tribe.[3] Its members are informally known astrue dogs.
The critical features that mark the Canini as amonophyletic group include the consistent enlargement of thefrontal sinus, often accompanied by the correlated loss of the depression in the dorsal surface of thepostorbital process; the posterior expansion of the paroccipital process; the enlargement of themastoid process; and the lack of lateral flare of the orbital border of thezygoma.
Members of this tribe include:
| Subtribe | Description | Image | Genus | Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canina Waldheim, 1817 | Thewolf-like canines.[4] |  | Canis (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
_cropped.jpg) | Cuon (Hodgson, 1838) | |||
_2.jpg) | Lupulella (Hilzheimer, 1906) | |||
.jpg) | Lycaon Brookes, 1827 | |||
 | †Cynotherium (Studiati, 1857) |
| ||
 | †Eucyon (Tedford & Qiu, 1996) | |||
)_(Aenocyon_dirus)_transparent_background.png) | †Aenocyon (Merriam, 1918) | |||
| Cerdocyonina (Tedford, et al., 2009) | The South American, fox-shaped canines.[4] |  | Speothos (Lund, 1839) | |
 | Atelocynus (Cabrera, 1940) | |||
 | Chrysocyon (C.E.H. Smith, 1839) | |||
.jpg) | †Dusicyon (C.E.H. Smith, 1839) | |||
 | Lycalopex (Burmeister 1854) | |||
 | Cerdocyon (C.E.H. Smith, 1839) | |||
| †Protocyon (Giebel 1855) | ||||
| †Theriodictis (Mercerat, 1891) |
Common names of most of the South American canines include "fox", based on resemblance, but they are more closely related to wolves than tovulpini, the Eurasian and North American foxes.
_fig._7_(mod_2).png)
The cladogram below is based on the phylogeny of Lindblad-Tohet al. (2005),[5] modified to incorporate recent findings onCanis species,[6]Lycalopex species,[7] andDusicyon.[8]
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