Abusiness case captures the reasoning for initiating aproject ortask.[1] Many projects, but not all, are initiated by using a business case.[2] It is often presented in a well-structured writtendocument,[3] but may also come in the form of a shortverbal agreement orpresentation. Thelogic of the business case is that, wheneverresources such as money or effort are consumed, they should be in support of a specificbusiness need.[2] An example could be that asoftware upgrade might improvesystem performance, but the "business case" is that better performance would improvecustomer satisfaction, require less task processing time, or reduce systemmaintenance costs. A compelling business case adequately captures both the quantifiable and non-quantifiable characteristics of a proposed project. According to theProject Management Institute, abusiness case is a "value proposition for a proposed project that may includefinancial and nonfinancial benefit."[4]
Business cases can range from comprehensive and highly structured, as required by formalproject managementmethodologies, to informal and brief. Information included in a formal business case could be the background of the project, the expected business benefits,[5] the options considered (with reasons for rejecting or carrying forward each option), the expectedcosts of the project, agap analysis and the expectedrisks. Consideration should also be given to the option of doing nothing including the costs and risks of inactivity. From this information, thejustification for the project is derived.
Business cases are created to help decision-makers ensure that:
the proposed initiative will havevalue[6] and relative priority compared to alternative initiatives based on theobjectives and expected benefits laid out in the business case.
theperformance indicators found in the business case are identified to be used for proactive realization of the business andbehavioral change.
Abusiness process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities ortasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers.[7][8][9] A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as aflowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process.[8][9][10][11] The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change.[7][8] Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoidfunctional silos.[12]
A good business case report brings confidence and accountability into the field of making investment decisions. It is a compilation of all information collected during enterprise analysis and the business case process. The key objective is to provide evidence and justification for continuing with the investment proposition.
Strategic alignment is a process that ensures an organization's structure, use of resources (and culture) support itsstrategy. "In its simplest form, organizational strategic alignment is lining up a business' strategy with its culture."[16] Successful outcomes also require an awareness of the wider environment, regulatory issues and technological change.[17] Strategic alignment contributes to improved performance by optimizing the operation of processes/systems, and the activities of teams and departments.Goal-setting theory supports the relevance of clear, measurable operational objectives that can be linked to superordinate goals. This helps ensure resources are used effectively.
Afeasibility study is an assessment of the practicality of a project or system. A feasibility study aims to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in thenatural environment, theresources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success.[18][19][20] In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility arecost required andvalue to be attained.[21]
Aperformance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type ofperformance measurement.[22] KPIs evaluate thesuccess of an organization or of a particular activity (such as projects, programs, products and other initiatives) in which it engages.[23] KPIs provide a focus for strategic and operational improvement, create an analytical basis for decision making and help focus attention on what matters most.[24]
At various stages in the project, the business case should be reviewed to ensure that:
The justification is still valid,
The project will deliver the solution to the business need.
The result of a review may be the termination or amendment of the project.[27] The business case may also be subject to amendment if the review concludes that the business need has abated or changed,[2] this will have aknock on effect[28] on the project.
Manypublic sector projects are now required to justify their need through a business case. In the public sector, the business case is argued in terms ofcost–benefit analysis, which may include both financial and non-financial cost and benefits.[29] This allows the public body concerned to take social and environmental benefits into account, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of economic impacts.
^Chand, D.R.; Chircu, A.M. (2012)."Chapter 3: Business Process Modeling". In Elzinga, D.J.; Gulledge, T.R.; Lee, C.-Y. (eds.).Business Enterprise, Process, and Technology Management: Models and Applications. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 187–212.ISBN9781466602502.
^Justis, R. T. & Kreigsmann, B. (1979). The feasibility study as a tool for venture analysis.Business Journal of Small Business Management 17 (1) 35-42.
^Georgakellos, D. A. & Marcis, A. M. (2009). Application of the semantic learning approach in the feasibility studies preparation training process.Information Systems Management 26 (3) 231-240.
^Weilkiens, Tim; Weiss, Christian; Grass, Andrea; Duggen, Kim Nena (2016). "Frameworks".OCEB 2 Certification Guide. Elsevier. pp. 149–169.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805352-2.00007-8.ISBN9780128053522.KPI is a business metric that measures the degree of fulfillment of a goal or a Critical Success Factor (CSF). The CSF is an organization-internal or organization-external property that is necessary to achieve a specific goal. A CSF can involve multiple KPIs.
Messner, W.:Making the Compelling Business Case. Decision-Making Techniques for Successful Business Growth. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013 (book companion website)
Project Management Institute (2021).A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). Project Management Institute (7th ed.). Newtown Square, PA.ISBN978-1-62825-664-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Schaltegger, S. & Wagner, M. (Eds.):Managing the Business Case for Sustainability. The Integration of Social things, and Economic Performance. Sheffield: Greenleaf, 2006
