Aburial society is a type ofbenefit/friendly society. These groups historically existed in England and elsewhere, and were constituted for the purpose of providing by voluntary subscriptions for thefuneral expenses of the husband, wife or child of a member, or of the widow of a deceased member. Some also allowed for insuring money to be paid on the death of a member.[1]
Not-for-profit burial societies still exist today. For-profit companies also providefuneral insurance.
Jewish communities often include a burial society known as thechevra kadisha, which also covers performing the necessaryJewish funerary rituals and ceremonies.
Burial societies were precursors to general insurance. Burial societies were first known to exist in ancient Rome, wherein various associations of a fraternal nature, as well as religious groups, political clubs, and trade guilds, functioned as burial societies. Terms for these includehetaeria,collegia, andsodalitas. Theby-laws of one burial society are preserved by aninscription dating to 136 AD. Discovered atLanuvium, thelex collegia salutaris Dianae et Antinoi ("By-laws of the Society ofDiana andAntinous") details the cost of joining the society, monthly fees, regulations for the burial of members, and the schedule for the group's meetings and dinners. Another example at Rome was theCollege of Aesculapius and Hygia, founded by a wealthy woman in honor of her dead husband. Inscriptional evidence exists for burial societies throughout theEmpire, not just in the city of Rome.[2]
One of the ways that the Romans made sense of the earliest Christian groups was to think of them as associations of this kind, particularly burial societies, which were permitted even when political conflict or civil unrest caused authorities toban meetings of other groups;Pliny the Younger identified Christians collectively as ahetaeria.[3]
Edmund Roberts mentioned the European and Burial Society when he visitedCape Town, South Africa in 1833. The society was founded in 1795 by Dutch settlers. He described it as "supporting poor and unfortunate fellow-countrymen, during their illness, and in the event of their death, to cause them to be respectfully interred". He also mentioned that the society had "considerable funds", during his visit to the area.[4]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Burial Societies".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 824.