| Tenné | |
|---|---|
| Class | Stain |
| Non-heraldic equivalent | Orange,brown, orange-tawny colour |
| Monochromatic designations | |
| Hatching pattern | |
| Tricking abbr. |  |
| Poetic designations | |
| Heavenly body | Dragon's tail |
| Jewel | Sardonyx |
Inheraldry,tenné (/ˈtɛni/;[1][2] sometimes termedtenny[1] ortawny) is a "stain", or non-standardtincture, oforange (in English blazonry), lightbrown (in French heraldry) or orange-tawny (in continental heraldry) colour.[3]
Tenné, however, is not to be confused withbrunâtre ("brownish") of French and German blazons.
Tenné is used for the depiction of leather colour, while the much darker brunâtre is used for the depiction of bear hide colour.
In theOxford English Dictionary,tenné is described as "orange-brown, as a stain used in blazoning", and as a mid-16th-century variant ofOld Frenchtané.[1][2] The origin of bothtenné andtawny is the Medieval Latin wordtannare, meaning "to tan leather".[4] As such, in French (and most of continental) heraldry, tenné is the light-brownish colour that leather is supposed to have once tanned. Used primarily for depicting wood and skin inproper charges, it then slowly became its own tincture.
According to theOxford English Dictionary, the first known use of termtenné in English (as 'tenne') was by Gerard Leigh in his 1562Accedens of Armory.[5] Leigh (1597) says of the tincture so named: "It is the surest colour that is, of so bright a hewe, being componed: for it is made of two bright colours, which is Redde and Yellowe".[6] Elsewhere, Leigh observes thatroundels coloredtenné are termed 'oranges' "because the Orenge is of the same colour, and is also round".[7] A glossary appended to a later edition of the same work definestenné as "Orenge colour".[8]
Perhaps as a symptom of the theoretical nature of heraldic stains, thehatchings assigned to these have been inconsistent among sources. The hatching for tenné has been given variously as a combination of vertical lines (asgules) and dexter to sinister lines (asvert),[9] or as a combination of horizontal lines (asazure) and sinister to dexter lines (aspurpure),[10] (and other combinations may be found in other sources) though both these sources provide the same hatching of alternating vertical dots and dashes for "orange".[11]
In the system of poetic meanings, tenné is associated with theDragon's tail and with the gemstonesardonyx.[12]
While tenné is frequently mentioned in books about heraldry, it is not among the basic heraldic colours and its appearance in practice is quite rare.Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, in hisComplete Guide to Heraldry, asserted that both tenné andmurrey were probably inventions of the theoretical (though never shown in actual practice) system ofabatements, further commenting that he knew of only one instance of tenné to date (as of 1909), and that was in an estatelivery rather thancoat armory.[13]The Oxford Guide to Heraldry cites a late-14th century English treatise as stating that in addition to the two metals and five colours, a colour calledtawny was "borne only inthe Empire andFrance," theOxford Guide also citing Gerard Leigh'sThe Accendance of Armory (1562) as rejecting tenné or tawny as non-existent and sanguine or murrey as mistakenpurpure.[14]
Despite its role in the system of theoreticalabatements of honour introduced in the 16th century,[15] tenné is quite rare in British armory, appearing only occasionally in liveries and never as a colour upon theescutcheon.The Oxford Guide to Heraldry notes that the "stains" (tenné, murrey and sanguine) "occur occasionally in the twentieth century but have never been spotted in aVisitation record."[16] Fox-Davies named the estate livery of Lord Fitzhardinge, worn by the lord's hunt servants, as the only known occurrence of "orange-tawny" in British armory.[17] To this, Woodward was able to add thestandards of both theEarl of Derby, bearing the Stanley crest upon a field of tawny and vert, and theEarl of Northumberland, bearing "four horizontal bands, the upper being russet, the two central ones yellow, and the lowest tawny".[18] TheCoat of arms of West Yorkshire (1975–1986) was supported on the sinister side by a lionper fess tenne and vert, with a lionper fess gules and tenne in crest.[19]
According to the Heraldry Society of Scotland, the team colours of theDundee United Football Club should be called "tenny and argent".[20] Dundee United calls the colours tangerine and white, and the team is referred to as "the tangerines".[21]
According to theOxford Guide to Heraldry, a late-14th century English treatise on heraldry stated that a colour calledtawny was "borne only inthe Empire andFrance."[14] Fox-Davies suggested that orange, as it appears inGerman heraldry, may be a different colour than tenné, noting that a differenthatching is associated with Germanorange than that of Britishtenné.[22] German heraldic authorOttfried Neubecker also noted a distinction betweenorange andbrown ortenné, showing the usual hatching for tenné but a distinctive hatching of alternating vertical dots and dashes for orange.[23] Orangé, tanné and tenné appear in the civic arms of severalcommunes in the Department of Oise in France.[24]
InFrench heraldry,tanné (same as tenné) is traditionally a light brown. It is to be a light brown colour, bright enough to be distinguished from the darkest heraldic colour,sable (black), as well as the darker brown color brunâtre, used for bear hide fur. It should also be a distinctive brown, and be clearly different than both flesh-colorcarnation andorangé, used per example as the field color for the arms of the French commune ofLamorlaye. Tenné takes its name from the colour of tanned leather,[25] and occurs in the field of the arms of a few French communes, includingMaruéjols-lès-Gardon.[26]Tanné colour also occurs in the dexter chief quarter of the arms ofLa Neuville-Roy, where it notably replaces azure as the field for a semy of fleurs-de-lys very reminiscent of the ancient arms of France.
In English heraldry, all these colours are sometimes—yet mistakenly—confused astenné.
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Granted in 1978, theCoat of arms of the Northern Territory has a tenny field, with a design inspired by Aboriginal paintings.[27]
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Orange is a common colour inSouth African heraldry, because of the history ofSouth Africa as a Dutch colony, and the fact that royal house of theNetherlands is theHouse of Orange. The DutchPrince's Flag was an orange white and blue tricolour, and this was the basis of the flags of theOrange Free State (1857-1902) and theUnion of South Africa (1928-1994).
Tenné (soblazoned) is found in the arms andcolours of some U.S. military units, particularly in theSignal Corps, where the colour is shown as a bright shade of orange, and the Cavalry, where tenné is sometimes called "dragoon yellow".
The coat of arms of the 1st Signal Battalion, designed in 1932 by the U.S. Army Heraldic Program Office (since 1960 called theInstitute of Heraldry) isper bend argent and tenné, since orange and white are the traditional colours of the Signal Corps.[28] These colours are repeated in the arms of virtually every battalion in the Signal Corps.[29]
The1st Cavalry Regiment (also known as the 1st Regiment of Dragoons) was assigned a coat of arms by the Heraldic Program Office in 1921 featuring a gold dragon on a field of tenné. The 1st Cavalry was founded as the Regiment of United States Dragoons in 1833, and at the time the dragoon units wore a cord of tenné (which they called "dragoon yellow") andOr (gold). These are also the colours of thetorse in the coat of arms of the unit.[30]
TheStar Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual describes the official tunic color ofStar Fleet Command Section standard issue uniforms, such as those worn byJames Kirk andHikaru Sulu, as "tenne".[31] These are the tunics depicted onthe actual show as yellow-gold fabric. Separate from this, officers of Captain's rank or higher may optionally wear tunics anddress uniforms greenish in hue; theManual specifies this color as "olive."
tawny.
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