Bruce Luyendyk and his family moved to San Diego, California in 1956 where he continued his public-school education. Luyendyk attendedSan Diego State University (SDSU) where he obtained a bachelor's degree in geology and geophysics. He then attended theScripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at theUniversity of California, San Diego, where he earned his PhD in 1969. He studied underFred Spiess and Henry Menard. That research employed the newly designed deep towed instrument package of the Marine Physical Lab. He followed his PhD with a postdoctoral fellowship at theWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). His supervisors were Carl Bowin and James Heirtzler.[2][3]
While an undergraduate geology student at San Diego State, Luyendyk participated in marine geologic expedition PROA with SIO. That expedition, to the western and south Pacific, and led by Robert Fisher and William Riedel, inspired Luyendyk to follow an education and career in oceanography.
After his postdoctorate at WHOI, Luyendyk was appointed there as Assistant Scientist. He participated in theFAMOUS expeditions (FAMOUS: French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) to theMid-Atlantic Ridge where, along withKen Macdonald, he mapped the rift valley with the Marine Physical Lab deep tow.[4]
Luyendyk moved to UCSB in 1973, where he began research in southern Californiatectonics usingpaleomagnetism. His projects include documenting the ninety degree or greater clockwise rotation of theTransverse Ranges during theNeogene Period of theCenozoic Era.[5]
Luyendyk led two expeditions of theDeep Sea Drilling Project.[6][7] Principal discoveries included that of a basin-wideunconformity ofOligocene age in theIndian Ocean that was likely related to initiation of ice sheets in Antarctica[8] and uplift of theReykjanes Ridge due to the Icelandhot spot. Five holes drilled in the rift valley of the Mid Atlantic ridge recovered the youngest rock drilled at the time from the Atlantic sea floor, supporting models ofsea floor spreading.[9]
During the 1990s, Luyendyk and colleagues began a study of the marine hydrocarbon seep field atCoal Oil Point, California. The object was to quantify oil and natural gas emission from these submarine features. Their work determined that these are likely the largest known marine seeps.[11] They discovered a decrease in seepage over the prior two decades. They attributed this to ongoing oil and gas production from wells that penetrated the source reservoirs of the seep field.[12]
In the late 1980s, Luyendyk and David Kimbrough of SDSU launched two expeditions to theFord Ranges ofMarie Byrd Land inWest Antarctica. One rationale was to search out matching geologic features related to ones known inNew Zealand, which once was joined inGondwana to this part of Antarctica. Stephen M. Richard was a member of these two expeditions, known as FORCE (Ford Ranges Crustal Exploration). Antarctic geologistChristine Smith Siddoway accompanied them to conduct her graduate dissertation work on metamorphism and deformation within the Fosdick Mountains. Findings of this research include the history of development of theFosdick Mountains migmatite gneiss dome[13] and Ford Ranges.[14] Follow-on research by others discerned the recent retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the region,[15][16] first noted here by the FORCE expeditions.[17]
Luyendyk led three marine research expeditions in the adjacentRoss Sea.[18][19][20] The expeditions focused upon remote and difficult-to-access sectors of Antarctica, bordering the southernPacific Ocean. The marine surveys of the Coulman High,[21] carried out jointly with L. Bartek and D. S. Wilson, represented the opportunity for access to a sector of the Ross Sea that had been long-concealed beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. The expeditions followed closely upon the calving and breakout of theC-19 iceberg in 2002. Based on these surveys theANDRILL program recommended a deep drill site within the surveyed area of Coulman High.[21]
In the later part of the 1990s, Luyendyk teamed with Andrea Donnellan of theJet Propulsion Laboratory to useGPS to measure the rate of opening across the Ross Embayment between West and East Antarctica. They found no stretching within the margins for error but did detect vertical motion due to post glacialisostatic rebound.[22]
In the early 2000s, Luyendyk, along with D.S. Wilson and C. Siddoway, made aerogeophysical and linked ground surveys in the greater region of the Ford Ranges.[23] These surveys revealed buried features that gave clues to the tectonic history of the region. Data from the survey were incorporated into the new bedrock map of Antarctica known as Bedmap2.[24] Achieved through joint work with Douglas S. Wilson, revelations about the topography of the subglacial and nearshore marine environments of the eastern Ross Sea led to an interpretation of paleotopography at a time of climate transition that preceded continental glaciation of Antarctica.[25] The work provided a basis for aclimate model for the development of the early Antarctic Ice Sheet.[26]
In 1995, Luyendyk proposed a model for the fragmentation of Gondwana that included the New Zealand microcontinent and several other pieces of continental crust. He collectively named the now submerged continent that includes the nation of New Zealand,Zealandia.[27] Since that time, New Zealand geologists have made the case that their nation sits atop the world’s eighth continent.[28][29]
Luyendyk has held a succession of science administration positions during his academic career, including founding Director of the Institute for Crustal Studies (1988-1997; now Earth Research Institute) and Chair of the Department of Geological Sciences at UC Santa Barbara (1997-2003; now Earth Science), followed by a term as Associate Dean of Mathematical, Life, and Physical Sciences at UC Santa Barbara (2005-2010). His professional service included service for international Antarctic research. He served on theANDRILL (Antarctic Drilling) Science Committee for a decade, beginning in 2005, and he led the USA's work in hosting the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences in Santa Barbara, CA, in 2007.[34] The ISAES returned to USA after a hiatus of thirty years since the first USA-hosted symposium in 1977, in Madison, WI. The 2007 conference was the first to publish the Symposium volume in digital format, on-line.[34]
Geometric model for Neogene crustal rotations in southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 91 (4), 211-217, 1980. Luyendyk, B. P., M.J. Kamerling, and R. Terres.
A model for Neogene crustal rotations, transtension, and transpression in southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103 (11), 1528-1536, 1991. Luyendyk, B. P.
Simple shear of southern California during Neogene time suggested by paleomagnetic declinations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 90 (B14), 12454-12466, 1985. B. P. Luyendyk, M. J. Kamerling, R. R. Terres, and J. S. Hornafius.
The origin and history of abyssal hills in the northeast Pacific. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81: 2237-2260. 1970, Luyendyk, B. P.
An experimental approach to the paleocirculation of the oceanic surface waters. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83: 2649-2664, 1972. Luyendyk, B. P., D. Forsyth, and J. D. Phillips.
On-bottom gravity profile across the East Pacific Rise crest at 21° north. Geophysics, 49, no. 12: 2166-2177, 1984. Luyendyk, B. P.
Geological and geophysical investigations in the northern Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica. in Yoshida, Y. et al. (eds.) Recent Progress in Antarctic Earth Science, Terra Pub., Tokyo, 279-288, 1992. Luyendyk, B. P., Richard, S. M., Smith, C. H., and D. L. Kimbrough.
Hypothesis for Cretaceous Rifting of East Gondwana caused by Subducted Slab Capture. Geology, v. 23, 373-376, 1995. Luyendyk, B. P.
Structural and tectonic evolution of the Ross Sea rift in the Cape Colbeck region, Eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Tectonics, v. 20(6), pp. 933–958, 2001. Luyendyk, B. P., C. C. Sorlien, D. Wilson, L. Bartek, and C. H. Siddoway.
Hypothesis for Increased Atmospheric Methane Input from Hydrocarbon Seeps on Exposed Continental Shelves during Glacial Low Sea Level. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 22 (4), 591-596, 2005. Luyendyk, B. P., J. P. Kennett, and J. Clark.
^abF. N. Spiess, Ken C. Macdonald, T. Atwater, R. Ballard, A. Carranza, D. Cordoba, C. Cox, V. M. Diaz Garcia, J. Francheteau, J. Guerrero, J. Hawkins, R. Haymon R. Hessler, T. Juteau, M. Kastner, R. Larson, B. Luyendyk, J.D. Macdougall, S. Miller, W. Normark, J. Orcutt, C. Rangin, Hot Springs and geophysical experiments on the East Pacific Rise. Science, 207: 1421-1444, 1980.
^Luyendyk, Bruce P.; Kamerling, Marc J.; Terres, Richard R.; Hornafius, J. Scott (December 10, 1985). "Simple shear of southern California during Neogene time suggested by paleomagnetic declinations".Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.90 (B14):12454–12466.Bibcode:1985JGR....9012454L.doi:10.1029/jb090ib14p12454.ISSN2156-2202.
^Luyendyk, B. P.; Shor, A.; Cann, J. R. (1979). "Chapter 37. General implications of the Leg 49 drilling program for North Atlantic Ocean geology".Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 49. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office.doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.49.137.1979.
^Hornafius, J.S., Quigley, D. and Luyendyk, B.P., The World’s Most Spectacular Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps (Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara Channel, California): Quantification of Emissions, J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans 104: 20,703-20,711, 1999.
^Siddoway, C.S; Richard, S.; Fanning, C.M.; and Luyendyk, B. P. 2004, Origin and emplacement mechanisms for a middle Cretaceous gneiss dome, Fosdick Mountains, West Antarctica, in Whitney, D.L., Teyssier, C.T., and Siddoway, C., eds., Gneiss domes in orogeny, GSA Special Paper 380, Chapter 16, p. 267-294.
^Siddoway, C., 2008, Tectonics of the West Antarctic rift system: New light on the history and dynamics of distributed intracontinental extension, in Cooper, A. et al., Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., pp. 91-114.
^Sugden, David E.; Balco, Greg; Cowdery, Seth G.; Stone, John O.; Sass, Louis C. (2005). "Selective glacial erosion and weathering zones in the coastal mountains of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica".Geomorphology.67 (3–4):317–334.Bibcode:2005Geomo..67..317S.doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.10.007.
^Richard, S.M., and Luyendyk, B.P., Glacial flow reorientation in the southwest Fosdick Mountains, Ford Ranges, Marie Byrd Land. Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 26, no. 5, 67-69, 1991.
^abLuyendyk, B. P., D. S. Wilson, R. C. Decesari, C. C. Sorlien, and L. R. Bartek_III (2007), Proposed ANDRILL sites on Coulman High, Ross Sea, Antarctica, in Program Book for the 10th International Symposium on Start Earth Sciences: Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES, 141 pp., edited by A. K. Cooper, C.R. Raymond et al., USGS Open File Report 2007-1047, p. 100.
^Donnellan, Andrea; Luyendyk, Bruce P (2004). "GPS evidence for a coherent Antarctic plate and for postglacial rebound in Marie Byrd Land".Global and Planetary Change.42 (1–4):305–311.Bibcode:2004GPC....42..305D.doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.02.006.
^Fretwell, P., Pritchard, H. D., Vaughan, D. G., Bamber, J. L., Barrand, N. E., Bell, R., Bianchi, C., Bingham, R. G., Blankenship, D. D., Casassa, G., Catania, G., Callens, D., Conway, H., Cook, A. J., Corr, H. F. J., Damaske, D., Damm, V., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fujita, S., Gim, Y., Gogineni, P., Griggs, J. A., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Holmlund, P., Holt, J. W., Jacobel, R. W., Jenkins, A., Jokat, W., Jordan, T., King, E. C., Kohler, J., Krabill, W., Riger-Kusk, M., Langley, K. A., Leitchenkov, G., Leuschen, C., Luyendyk, B. P., Matsuoka, K., Mouginot, J., Nitsche, F. O., Nogi, Y., Nost, O. A., Popov, S. V., Rignot, E., Rippin, D. M., Riviera, A., Roberts, J., Ross, N., Siegert, M. J., Smith, A. M., Steinhage, D., Studinger, M., Sun, B., Tinto, B. K., Welch, B. C., Wilson, D., Young, D. A., Xiangbin, C., and Zirizzotti, A., 2013, Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica: The Cryosphere, v. 7, p. 375-393.
^Mortimer, N., and Campbell, H. (2014) Zealandia: Our continent revealed. Auckland: Penguin Books (NZ)
^Mortimer, Nick; Campbell, Hamish J.; Tulloch, Andy J.; King, Peter R.; Stagpoole, Vaughan M.; Wood, Ray A.; Rattenbury, Mark S.; Sutherland, Rupert; Adams, Chris J.; Collot, Julien; Seton, Maria (March 1, 2017)."Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent".GSA Today:27–35.doi:10.1130/GSATG321A.1. Archived fromthe original on June 11, 2018. RetrievedMay 30, 2021.
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