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British Caspian Flotilla

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Naval force of the Royal Navy in the Caspian Sea in 1918

British Caspian Flotilla
HMSKruger, flagship of the flotilla
Active	1918-1920
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Navy

Military unit

Caspian Sea and the Caucuses, 1915. Extract from the Birdseye View of Turkey andBaghdad Railway

TheBritish Caspian Flotilla was a naval force of theRoyal Navy established in theCaspian Sea in 1918. It was part of theallied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The flotilla initially reported to theRear-Admiral Commanding, Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Sea of Marmora until 1919.

History

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The decision to form the force was made on 11 July 1918 at the British military HQ inBaghdad. Its purpose was twofold:

To seizeKrasnovodsk, the east coast terminal of theTrans-Caspian railway, and hence support the BritishMalleson Mission which was intervening inTurkmenistan.
To preventBaku and the oilfields around it from falling onto the hands of the Germans or the Ottoman Empire.

The force was established under the command of CommodoreDavid Norris in September 1918.^[1] Norris traveled by road from Baghdad toEnzeli with a convoy of lorries transporting naval guns.^[2] In January 1919 he was reinforced by 12Coastal Motor Boats sent by train fromBatumi theBlack Sea.^[3] These ships were then armed with the naval guns, officered by British officers with a crew guarded byRoyal Marines.^[2]

The flotilla maintained bases at Enzeli andKrasnovodsk, and in addition facilitatedlines of communication between British land units inBaku,Petrovsk (Chechen Island),Fort Alexandrovsk.

The flotilla was successful in theBattle of Alexandrovsky Fort in May 1919 against a Bolshevik flotilla.

The Flotilla included:^[4]^[5]

HMSKruger (flagship)
HMSVenture
HMSAsia
HMSWindsor Castle
HMSEmile Nobel
HMSOrlionoch which for a period hostedNo. 266 Squadron RAF

References

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Footnotes

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^Stratford, Stephen."British Military & Criminal History 1900 to 1999". Retrieved10 October 2013.
^^a ^bClifford Kinvig (November 23, 2007),Churchill's Crusade, Hambledon & London,ISBN 9781847250216,OCLC 747256147,OL 9819337M, 1847250211
^"The Royal Navy on the Caspian, 1918–1919".Naval Review, 7/8 1919-20. pp87-99 and 218-240*
^Guard, John."The Royal Navy in the Caspian Sea 1918-1920". Great War Primary Document Archive. Retrieved12 October 2013.
^Halpern, Paul (2013).The Mediterranean Fleet, 1919–1929. Ashgate Publishing.

Sources

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Clifford Kinvig (2007), Churchill's Crusade, Hambledon & London,ISBN 9781847250216.
Review. Naval (1919-20) The Royal Navy on the Caspian, 1918–1919".
Halpern, Paul (2013). The Mediterranean Fleet, 1919–1929. Ashgate Publishing.

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