Brake | |
|---|---|
 "Telegraph" in Brake | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Brake within Wesermarsch district  | |
  Brake  Brake | |
| Coordinates:53°20′N8°29′E / 53.333°N 8.483°E /53.333; 8.483 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Wesermarsch |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2021–26) | Michael Kurz[1] (SPD) |
| Area | |
• Total | 38.3 km2 (14.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 15,094 |
| • Density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 26919 |
| Dialling codes | 04401 |
| Vehicle registration | BRA |
| Website | www.brake.de |
Brake (German pronunciation:[ˈbʁaːkə];Low German:Broak) is the district seat ofWesermarsch district in northernGermany.
Brake lies in the centre of the square formed byBremerhaven,Bremen,Oldenburg andWilhelmshaven. With its position up from theNorth Sea on the lowerWeser, which can accommodate ocean-going ships, its proximity toAutobahnenA29 andA27 as well as toBremen Airport, thisport city has a favourable infrastructure supporting land, sea, and air travel. Moreover,railway lines leading toNordenham and Oldenburg/Bremen fill out the city's transport connections.
With the Weser tunnel to the north, which was opened to road traffic in January 2004, Brake was given even better connections to the region's Autobahn network. However, sincecyclists andpedestrians may not use thetunnel, and since theferry service across the river Weser was cut back after the tunnel's opening, those onbicycles or on foot suffer a distinct disadvantage to their mobility in the region.
The term "Brake" first cropped up in the 14th century when an unsealed break in a dike led to flooding in the Harrier area. The actual documentary mention, dating from 25–30 May 1384, says "brake to Harghen (Harrien)". By the 17th century, "Brake" was ever more often being used not simply as the word for the old dikeburst, but as the community's name. From that time come the names Braksiel and Harrierbrake.
In 1731, the oldFischerhaus, Brake's oldest maintained house, was built. In 1756 came Brake's first documentary mention as a port city. During the 19th century, Brake became an important industrial centre forshipping, and the port facilities along the Weser were further expanded. In 1814, Brake set up its first council, Amt Brake. In 1835, Brake was declared afree port. In 1846, thetelegraph was set up to relay shipping news between Bremen and Bremerhaven. In 1848–52 Brake was the first base of theGerman Imperial Fleet under AdmiralKarl Rudolf Brommy, the first ever commander of a unified German fleet.
On 1 May 1856, Brake was raised to city, and furthermore Golzwarden and Hammelwarden were becoming established as communities (from 1913 onwards becoming parts of the City of Brake). In 1861, the river port was brought into operation. In 1873 came Brake's connection to the railway network. In 1892, the pier was built. In 1936 – theNational Socialists had taken power in Germany by this time – the Admiral Brommy Barracks were built for the German Navy. The barracks were not destroyed in World War II, so the buildings could be used as home for refugees from the former Eastern provinces of Germany.
In 1960, the Shipping Museum was dedicated. In 1972 the Culture and Sport Centre with its cityswimming pool and great sports hall came into service. In 1974, building began on the District Professional School Centre (Kreisberufsschulzentrum), and the communities of Golzwarden and Schmalenfleth were amalgamated into Brake.
In 1996, the Admiral Brommy Barracks were closed and most buildings were broke down to get a new area for the harbour expansion.
In 2006, Brake celebrated 150 years as a city.
Three groupings are represented on Brake City Council, theSocial Democratic Party of Germany/Unabhängige Wählergemeinschaft (non-aligned citizens' coalition) or SDP/UWG, theChristian Democratic Union/Free Democratic Party or CDU/FDP, and a WGB (Wählergemeinschaft Brake or Brake Voters' Community) faction. The SDP/UWG grouping currently holds the majority of seats. Mayor Uta Maron, herself an independent, became Brake's first woman mayor in May 2000.
Seat distribution
Brake's landmark is the "Telegraph", built in 1846 under the OldenburgGrand Duke Paul Friedrich August as an integral part of an optical telegraph line between Bremen and Bremerhaven.
Since 1960, the headquarters of the Shipping Museum of the Oldenburg Weser ports has housed exhibition pieces of the "Telegraph" on seven floors in all, which stand as a valuable document in the shipping history of Oldenburg's Lower Weser area.
Ship portraits, ship models, figureheads, sea charts, nautical instruments, and souvenirs brought from overseas are interesting witnesses to a long bygone time, and bring the epoch of thewindjammer captains back to life. Bits of thePamir shipwreck recall the time when that ship capsized and sank in ahurricane.
In an old salesman's and shipowner's house built in 1808, right near the "Telegraph", the second part of the Shipping Museum's collection has been housed. Here the visitor will find a complete shipping supply shop from the turn of the 20th century, a sailmaker's workshop, an old shipping company branch office, and Admiral Rudolf Brommy's livingroom. Those interested in shipping and nautical history will find in these two buildings a collection such as is seldom brought together.
Brake was for a long time an important centre for training the Navy's sailors. At the Admiral Brommy Barracks built in 1936, seamen and junior officers were readied for duty on board ship. After thewar, it was primarily here that conscripts in the so-called"Heizerberufen" ("fireman conscripts") underwent basic training. This applied toVerwendungsreihen (≈ occupational specialities) 42 (drive system technicians), 43 (electrical technicians), and 44 (ship's operation technicians).
In 1996, the whole training operation moved to the newly builtNavy Technical School inParow, which since then has come to include all the Navy's technical units up to ship's safety technicians (Neustadt) and theNavy Operations School (Bremerhaven). The Admiral Brommy Barracks were torn down in 2000.
Brake's location on a deepwater waterway such as the Weser was the deciding factor in the town's development and its harbour's competitiveness.
The harbour was shaped by its function as a trade centre for traditional bulk cargoes such ascereals, feed andmanure,sulphur, as well as general goods such aswood,paper,iron andsteel. Furthermore, trade was further bolstered by project loading, packaged goods and heavy cargo as well ascontainerized freight, giving the port a further focus of activity.
Today, Brake Harbour can handle ships with an 11.90 mdraught and up to 45,000 tonnesdeadweight (DWT). In thetideless inner harbour, LASH barges,coasters and inland-going barges are readied forEuropean traffic. Barges regularly undertake extensive cargo runs on all Europe's waterways, to and from Brake. it is mainly used byJ. Müller.
In 2003, roughly 5.27 million tonnes of goods were handled. When barge traffic is counted, this reaches 6.28 million tonnes.
In 2004, the harbour, which up to this time had been freely accessible, was completely fenced in owing to international agreements. The north strait was closed to public traffic, and together with the old Navy school lands, added to the harbour area, which may now be entered only by authorized persons.
The district seat of Brake, with its roughly 16,300 inhabitants is a lively regional centre and the seat of many authorities.
For about 50,000 inhabitants in the commuter area (of 90,000 all together in Wesermarsch district) Brake moreover fulfils all service functions. These include a broad array ofhealthcare services, many public institutions and manifold cultural offerings.
As the Wesermarscheducation hub, Brake has at its disposal all schools of higher learning. These opportunities are fulfilled by the nearbyuniversities andtechnical colleges inBremerhaven,Bremen,Oldenburg andWilhelmshaven.
For those interested in sports, there are indoor and outdoor swimming pools and tennis courts.
Towns and municipalities inWesermarsch (district) | ||
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