| Parthenocissus tricuspidata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Foliage on a cultivated plant | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Vitales |
| Family: | Vitaceae |
| Genus: | Parthenocissus |
| Species: | P. tricuspidata |
| Binomial name | |
| Parthenocissus tricuspidata | |
| Parthenocissus tricuspidata | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 爬牆虎 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 爬墙虎 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | "wall-climbing tiger" | ||||||
| |||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||
| Kanji | 蔦 | ||||||
| Kana | ツタ | ||||||
| |||||||
Parthenocissus tricuspidata is aflowering plant in the grape family (Vitaceae) native to easternAsia inKorea,Japan, and northern and easternChina where it thrives in floodplain bushes, riversidewoodland and moist mountainmixed forests. Although unrelated to trueivy, it is commonly known asBoston ivy,grape ivy, andJapanese ivy, and also asJapanese creeper, and by the namewoodbine (though the latter may refer to a number of different vine species).[1]
Thespecific epithettricuspidata means three-pointed, referring to the leaf shape.[2] Boston ivy is readily distinguished from theVirginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) by itssimple leaves with pointed lobes (Virginia creeper leaves are divided into five separateleaflets).
It is adeciduouswoodyvine growing to 30 m tall or more given suitable support, attaching itself by means of numerous small branched tendrils tipped with sticky disks. Theleaves are simple, palmately lobed with three lobes, occasionally unlobed or with five lobes, or sufficiently deeply lobed to be palmately compound with (usually) three leaflets; the leaves range from 5 to 22 cm across. The upper side of the leaf blade is shiny and bare, the underside is dull green and only has sparse hairs on the leaf veins. The leaf color is initially reddish green to bronze during budding, then orange-yellow to intense scarlet in autumn.Stipules are present.
The greenishflowers are inconspicuous, greenish, in clusters; the inediblefruit is a small dark bluegrape 5–10 mm diameter. The cup-shapedcalyx is truncated. The hood-shapedpetals are laid back. There are shortstamens. The two-chambered, lobedovary with a short style and capitatestigma is superior. There is a discus (circular fused anthers).
P. tricuspidata uses adhesive pads to attach to surfaces, allowing it to climb vertically up trees,walls, and other structures. Contact with a surface signals the adhesive pads to secrete mucilage through microscopic pores which dries and creates a robust adhesive bond.[3] The ability of a single adhesive pad to support thousands of times their weight may be explored as a model for new biomimetic materials.[4] In its native range, the vine has traditional medicinal uses (China, Korea) and as a culinary sweetener (Japan).
Both within and outside of East Asia, the plant is primarily used as anornamental plant.Cultivars include 'Veitchii'.[5] Like the related Virginia creeper,P. tricuspidata is widely grown to cover the façades of masonry buildings. This usage is actually economically important because, byshading walls during the summer, it can significantly reduce cooling costs. While it does not penetrate the building surface but merely attaches to it, nevertheless surface damage (such as paint scar) can occur from attempting to rip the plant from the wall.
In the U.S., Boston ivy isused on the brick outfield walls atWrigley Field of baseball'sChicago Cubs along withJapanese bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus).
Parthenocissus is derived from theGreek termsparthenos (παρθένος; "maidenly, chaste, virgin") andkissos (κισσός; "vine") and means approximately "virgin ivy" (hence the common name of the related "Virginia creeper").Tricuspidata, meaning approximately "with three points", comes from the Greek andLatin prefixtri ("three") and the Latincuspidata ("tipped, pointed").[6]
In Mandarin Chinese, the plant goes by a number of names, most commonlypáqiánghǔ (爬墙虎, lit. "wall-climbing tiger"), but alsopáshānhǔ (爬山虎, lit. "mountain-climbing tiger", also refers toHedera helix),dìjǐn (地錦, lit. "earth brocade", the name used in theCompendium of Materia Medica and the common name in Taiwan),tǔgǔténg (土鼓藤, lit. "dirt drum vine") andhóng pútáo téng (红葡萄藤, lit. "red grapevine").
InTaiwanese Hokkien, the vine also has several names, includingchhiûⁿ-piah-tîn (牆壁藤, lit. "wall vine"),peh-soaⁿ-hó͘ (𬦰山虎, lit. "mountain-climbing tiger"),âng-koah (紅葛, lit. "red vine"),thô͘-kó͘-tîn (土鼓藤 lit. "dirt drum vine", a cognate with the Mandarin) andâng-kut-chôa[7] (紅骨蛇, lit. "red-boned snake", a name that refers to at least five other plants as well).
In Korean, the plant is calleddamjaeng'ideonggul (담쟁이덩굴) in reference to it growing on walls. In contexts of Korean traditional medicine, it is known asjigeum (지금/地錦, a cognate with the Mandarin Chinesedìjǐn from theCompendium of Materia Medica, as well as other names such asnakseok (낙석/絡石),jangchundeung (장춘등/長春藤),pasanho (파산호/爬山虎),naman (나만/蘿蔓) andyongninbyeongnyeo (용린벽려/龍鱗薜荔).
In Japanese, the vine is known usually astsuta (蔦;つた;ツタ), but also asamazura (甘葛;あまづら; アマヅラ), lit. "sweet vine"[a]natsuzuta (夏蔦;なつづた; ナツヅタ), or rarelyjinishiki (地錦;じにしき;ジニシキ).
InOkinawan, the vine is calledcita (蔦;つぃた), while in the Taiwanese indigenous languagePaiwan it istiyaroromao.[7]
.jpg)
_Ystad-2015.jpg)
