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Biqulzar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Historic state in Horn of Africa

Biqulzar (Harari: ቡቁልዘር) also spelled asBaqulzar orBequl zar was a historical region located in easternEthiopia.[1][2][3] According toTaddesse Tamrat, the state was positioned east of theAwash River however historian Hussein Ahmed, proposes it was a general term for districts east ofAmhara region in the fourteenth century.[4][5]

Etymology

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Biqulzar originates from theHarari language meaning “verdure along a stream.”[6] According to British historianGeorge Huntingford, sixteenth century Adalite writerArab Faqīh in his text Conquest of Abyssinia describes Biqulzar as"a river full of water."[7]

History

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According to fourteenth centuryArab historianIbn Fadlallah al-Umari, Biqulzar was one ofIfat's ancient metropolises or regions alongsideKwelgora,Hubat,Gidaya,HargayaandFedis.[8][9][10][11][12][13]

In the fourteenth century, Ethiopian emperorAmda Seyon fought theWargar orWarjih people in Biqulzar.[14][15][16] According to Salvatore Tsdeschi, in 1332 Amda Seyon had summoned his vassal ruler ofIfat,Jamal ad-Din I in Biqulzar however Manfred Kropp believes Amda Seyon met with a distinct ruler of Biqulzar.[17][18]

References

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  1. ^Cerulli, Enrico (1941)."Il Sultanato Dello Scioa Nel Secolo Xiii Secondo Un Nuovo Documento Storico".Rassegna di Studi Etiopici.1 (1). Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino: 39.JSTOR 41460159.
  2. ^Gelgelo, Surafel.HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN(PDF). Ministry of Science and Higher education. p. 49.
  3. ^Feto, Jemal.A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE ISLAMIZATION OF ARSI OROMO: WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON GADAB AREA, 1935-2000(PDF). Haramaya University. p. 11.
  4. ^Tamrat, Taddesse.Review: The Chronicle of 'Amde-Siyon. Cambridge University Press. p. 513.JSTOR 180118.
  5. ^Ahmed, Hussein (October 2021).Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia Revival, Reform and Reaction. Brill. p. 6.ISBN 9789004492288.
  6. ^Gidaya. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  7. ^Huntingford ·, George (1989).The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704. British Academy. p. 89.ISBN 978-0-19-726055-5.
  8. ^TUFFA, TSEGAYE.THE DYNAMICS OF TULAMA OROMO IN THE HISTORY OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE, CA. 1700-1880S(PDF). University of Toronto. p. 43.
  9. ^Braukamper, Ulrich (1977)."Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part 1)".Ethiopianist Notes.1 (1). Michigan State University Press: 23.JSTOR 42731359.
  10. ^Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013).Islam in Ethiopia. Taylor & Francis. p. 75.ISBN 9781136970221.
  11. ^Fauvelle, François-Xavier (22 November 2017)."The Sultanate of Awfāt, its capital and the necropolis of the Walasmaʿ".Annales Islamologiques (51). Institut français d'archéologie orientale:239–295.doi:10.4000/anisl.4054.
  12. ^Hirsch, Bertrand (2020)."The account of the wars of King ʿAmda Ṣeyon against the Islamic sultanates, epic fiction of the fifteenth century".Médiévales.79 (2). Presses universitaires de Vincennes:91–116.doi:10.4000/medievales.11072.
  13. ^Kwelgora. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  14. ^Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013).Islam in Ethiopia. Taylor & Francis. p. 72.ISBN 9781136970221.
  15. ^Tamrat, Taddesse.Church and state(PDF). University of London. p. 156.
  16. ^Pankhurst, Richard (1997).Ethiopian borderlands. Red Sea Press. p. 41.ISBN 9780932415196.
  17. ^TEDESCHI, SALVATORE (1978)."LE GESTA DI 'AMDA-ṢEYON NELLA CRONOLOGIA E NELLA STORIA".Rassegna di Studi Etiopici.27. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino: 144.JSTOR 41299651.
  18. ^Jamal Ad-din Mansur. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
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