The company began operations in 1987 asMGM Grand, Inc. and becameMGM Mirage in 2000, after acquiringMirage Resorts. In the mid-2000s, growth of its non-gaming (lodging, food, retail) revenue began to outpace gaming receipts and demand for high-rise condominiums was surging, with median property prices inLas Vegas twice the national average.[3][4] The company shifted its focus from owning and operating resorts and casinos to developing and building real estate in the leisure and gaming industry—launching the massiveCityCenter mixed-use project,[5][6] which was at the time of its construction the world's largest construction site and ranks as one of the most expensive real estate projects in history.[7] City Center's development coincided with the2008 financial crisis, causing more than $1 billion inwrite-offs in its valuation.[8]
Billionaire investorKirk Kerkorian and hisTracinda Corporation were, until 2009, the majority shareholders of MGM Mirage; Kerkorian was the former owner of theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio, from which MGM Grand derived its name. Following a $1 billion stock offering by MGM Mirage amidst the global credit crunch, Tracinda's shares were diluted from 53.8 percent to 39 percent.[9][10] On June 15, 2010, shareholders voted for MGM Mirage to change its name to "MGM Resorts International".[11]
In 2015, the company split into two formingMGM Growth Properties, a real estate company, while MGM Resorts shifted to operating properties.[12][13] Today, MGM Resorts is the largest casino company in the world by revenue, making $13.13 billion USD in revenue in 2022.[14]
The company's background can be traced to 1969, when airline and casino tycoonKirk Kerkorian bought a controlling stake in theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film studio.[15] In 1970 and 1971, Kerkorian struggled with debt from his acquisitions of MGM andWestern Airlines, and was forced to sell a majority of his casino company, International Leisure, toHilton Hotels at a steep discount.[16][17] When theLas Vegas Hilton, the casino he had built, subsequently became the most successful hotel in Las Vegas, Kerkorian was inspired to lead the studio into the gambling industry.[16] It opened the originalMGM Grand Hotel and Casino (now Horseshoe Las Vegas) in 1973.[18] TheMGM Grand Reno followed in 1978.[19]
By 1979, the two hotel-casinos accounted for most of MGM's income, and the company announced a plan to split itself in two.[20] The next year, the film studio wasspun off as a new company, while the original company, renamed as MGM Grand Hotels Inc., retained the two hotel-casinos.[21] Kerkorian held a 47 percent stake in both companies.[21]
In 1985, Kerkorian began seeking a buyer for MGM Grand Hotels, to allow him to concentrate on runningUnited Artists and on developing new properties under the MGM Grand name.[22] A deal was reached forBally Manufacturing to buy the company; the deal closed in April 1986,[23] and the two casinos were renamed under the Bally's brand.[24] The terms of the sale allowed Kerkorian to retain rights to the MGM Grand name, and plans were announced to offer the stockholders of MGM Grand Hotels shares in a new company that would hold the naming rights.[25]
The company now known as MGM Resorts International was formed in 1986 asGrand Name Co.[26] as a subsidiary of Kerkorian'sTracinda Corporation.[27] It was renamed in 1987 asMGM Grand, Inc.[26]
The company's first venture wasMGM Grand Air, a luxury airline offering service between New York and Los Angeles, which launched in September 1987.[28] The company also made an offer to take over financially strugglingPan American World Airways, but this offer was rejected by Pan Am's board in November 1987.[29]
In August 1987, MGM Grand bid $152 million for the bankruptDunes Hotel in Las Vegas, but was beat out by Japanese billionaireMasao Nangaku.[30] Instead, the company acquired theDesert Inn andSands casinos in February 1988 fromSumma Corporation for $167 million.[31] The Sands was sold toSheldon Adelson's Interface Group for $110 million in April 1989.[32]
In September 1989, the company announced plans for a $700-million Hollywood-themed complex, including a 4,000-room hotel and a theme park.[33] The Desert Inn site was initially considered as a location for the project,[33] but within weeks the location was finalized as theMarina Hotel and Casino and theTropicana Country Club,[34] which MGM Grand acquired for $93 million plus $30 million in stock.[35] The company put the Desert Inn up for sale to focus efforts on the new project,[36] but found no outside bidders, and agreed to sell it to Tracinda for $130 million.[37] Construction on theMGM Grand Las Vegas and theMGM Grand Adventures theme park began in October 1991,[38] and the property opened in December 1993 at a final cost of $1 billion.[39] The park permanently closed in 2002 due to a lack of interest.[40]
The company moved its headquarters from Beverly Hills to Las Vegas in July 1992.[41]
During construction of the MGM Grand, the company acquired an option to buy an 18-acre site across the street from the project.[42]Gary Primm ofPrimadonna Resorts approached MGM president Bob Maxey in 1994 with an idea for the site: a casino recreating the New York skyline.[43] A joint venture was formed between the two companies, and construction began in March 1995.[44] Completed at a cost of $460 million, theNew York-New York Hotel and Casino opened in January 1997.[45]
With New York-New York under development, MGM Grand made moves to expand in several other markets. An exploratory agreement to develop two casinos on the Chinese island ofHainan was announced in August 1994,[46] but came to nothing. InDarwin, Australia, a lucrative market attracting high rollers from Pacific Rim countries,[47] the company considered building a hotel,[48] but instead bought theDiamond Beach Hotel and Casino,[49] renaming it as the MGM Grand Darwin. MGM announced plans for anAtlantic City casino in July 1996.[50] In Michigan, where voters approved casinos in November 1996, MGM made plans for a bid on one of the three available gaming licenses,[51] which would eventually be approved and open in July 1999 as theMGM Grand Detroit.[52]
InSouth Africa, with casino gambling newly authorized, MGM announced plans in August 1996 to develop 15 properties in conjunction withTsogo Sun.[53] The first, a temporary casino inJohannesburg'sSundome, opened in October 1998.[54] Three more casinos followed before MGM agreed to sell out its interest in the properties to Tsogo Sun in November 2001.[55]
Since the initiation of New York-New York, analysts had speculated that MGM Grand or Primadonna would buy out the other's interest in the project.[56] Instead of making such a cash-intensive purchase,[57] however, MGM agreed to buy Primadonna outright for $276 million in stock plus $336 million in assumed debt.[58] The merger closed in March 1999,[59] giving MGM ownership of three casinos and two golf courses at the Nevada–California state line, in addition to full control of New York-New York.[60]
In February 2000, MGM Grand made an unsolicited offer of $17 a share to buyMirage Resorts, which had floundered due to disappointing results at its newBeau Rivage andBellagio resorts.[61] Analysts expected a protracted battle, with Mirage founderSteve Wynn seen as unwilling to give up control but under pressure from institutional investors.[62][63] Mirage rejected the offer,[64] but Wynn met with Kerkorian the next day and named a price of $21 a share.[65] The companies agreed on the higher price, for a total of $4.4 billion plus $2 billion in assumed debt.[66] The merger closed in May 2000,[67] giving MGM ownership of theMirage,Treasure Island, Bellagio,Boardwalk, andGolden Nugget casinos in Las Vegas, theGolden Nugget in Laughlin, and the Beau Rivage in Mississippi, and a half share of theMonte Carlo. The company changed its name to MGM Mirage in August 2000.[68] Mirage had also owned a half stake in theBorgata, a planned casino in Atlantic City, in a joint venture managed byBoyd Gaming.[69] Work on the Borgata continued apace, and it would open in July 2003.[70]
In 2001 and 2002, following the merger with Mirage, the company explored options for its next major development project, including in theLas Vegas,Atlantic City,Chicago, andMacau markets.[71] The 55-acre site of the Boardwalk casino on the Las Vegas Strip was earmarked for a technologically advanced megaresort targeting aGeneration X demographic.[72] In Atlantic City, MGM shifted focus from its previously announced boardwalk site to a proposed billion-dollar hotel and casino on a 55-acre tract adjacent to the Borgata, where Wynn had planned to build the Le Jardin casino.[73][74] In the Chicago market, MGM agreed to pay $600 million to buy the unfinished Emerald Casino inRosemont, Illinois, whose investors had been accused of ties to organized crime.[75] The deal was rejected, however, by state gaming regulators,[76] and MGM then backed off its effort, saying that Illinois's casino tax was too high.[77] In Macau, whereStanley Ho's 40-year government-granted monopoly on gambling was coming to an end, MGM submitted a bid for one of three available gaming concessions,[78] but it was not selected, losing out to Ho,Las Vegas Sands, andWynn Resorts.[79]
MGM made moves into the United Kingdom market after a 2001 government report called for loosening of the country's gambling regulations.[80] It opened an online casino, playmgmmirage.com, licensed in theIsle of Man, a British dependency,[81] and it applied for a license to run an online sports betting site in the U.K.[82] It acquired a twenty-five percent stake in a company developing the small Triangle Casino inBristol,[80] which went on to open its doors in February 2004.[83] It inked deals to build casinos at theOlympia Exhibition Centre in London,[84]St James' Park in Newcastle,[85]Meadowhall Shopping Centre in Sheffield,[86] theNational Exhibition Centre in Birmingham,[87]Sportcity in Manchester,Glasgow Harbour,King's Waterfront in Liverpool, and at a proposed stadium inSalford.[88] The company also signed a $490-million deal to acquire Wembley plc, owner of sevengreyhound tracks in Britain and four in the United States.[89]
The British expansion plans ultimately amounted to nothing. MGM closed its online casino after less than two years, citing uncertainty in American regulations and competition from established British brands.[90] The Wembley acquisition turned into a bidding war, with MGM finally losing out to an investors group including Kerzner International.[91] The Triangle Casino was sold off toStanley Leisure in 2006.[92] The company's other development plans were scuttled as the government scaled down, and eventually abandoned, the plan to allow large "super-casinos".[93][94]
MGM entered into quiet merger talks withMandalay Resort Group in early 2004.[97] The potential acquisition would give MGM control of more than half the hotel rooms on the Las Vegas Strip.[98] Mandalay assets attractive to MGM included low-end casinos likeExcalibur andCircus Circus to broaden MGM's "high roller" appeal;[99] theMandalay Bay Convention Center, which would allow MGM to compete directly with theSands Expo center in the convention market;[98] and at least two prime developable sites on the Strip.[100] The talks went public in June, when MGM announced an offer worth $7.65 billion.[101] Mandalay rejected that offer because of a clause allowing MGM to back out ifantitrust regulators demanded the sale of any properties.[101] Analysts speculated that another bidder such asHarrah's or Boyd might enter, but none did,[97] and MGM and Mandalay soon agreed on a $7.9 billion deal.[102]
MGM executives were confident that antitrust regulators would not require the sale of any of the two companies' properties.[103] Michigan law, however, forbade one company from owning multiple casinos, requiring the sale of either the MGM Grand Detroit or Mandalay's 54 percent stake in theMotorCity Casino.[104] After some vacillation about which property to sell,[105] Mandalay accepted a $525-million offer for its interest in MotorCity fromMarian Ilitch, the casino's second largest shareholder.[106] Meanwhile, in Illinois, where MGM needed regulatory approval to take over Mandalay's 50 percent interest in theGrand Victoria Casino, a lack ofquorum on the state Gaming Board threatened to delay the merger.[107] MGM considered a sale to the casino's other owner, thePritzker family,[108] but ultimately gained approval for a plan to place the property under control of atrustee until completion of the licensing process.[109] The FTC approved the merger as predicted,[110] and MGM obtained a $7 billionline of credit to finance it.[111] The sale closed on April 25, 2005 for a total of $7.9 billion, including $3 billion in assumed debt.[112]
The Mandalay acquisition made MGM Mirage the largest gaming company in the world,[112] but it was surpassed just two months later when Harrah's Entertainment acquiredCaesars Entertainment[113] in a deal that had been spurred on by news of the MGM-Mandalay merger.[114]
Despite MGM's initial failure to win a gaming concession in Macau, the company had remained interested in the burgeoning gaming market. Rumors of a possible partnership with Stanley Ho were reported in 2003,[115] but Nevada gaming regulators informally vetoed the idea because of the alleged involvement of organized crimetriads in his casinos.[116] Another possibility emerged when the government allowed the three gaming concessionaires to each sell a sub-concession.[117] In June 2004, MGM formed a joint venture withPansy Ho, Stanley's daughter, to develop a casino-hotel under a sub-concession from Stanley.[118] Despite initial concerns about whether Pansy Ho was subject to her father's influence, theNevada Gaming Commission eventually approved the partnership.[119] Construction of theMGM Grand Macau began in June 2005.[120] The property opened in December 2007, completed at a cost of $1.25 billion.[121]
In 2004, MGM solidified its plans for the Boardwalk site on the Strip, announcingProject CityCenter, an $8-billion high-density project including hotels, condominiums, a casino, and a shopping mall.[122][123] The Boardwalk was closed in January 2006 to make way for the redevelopment,[124] and CityCenter construction began the following June.[125]
Singapore emerged in 2004 as the next major new Asian gaming market, calling for proposals to build two "integrated resort" casinos atMarina Bay and the island ofSentosa.[126] MGM partnered withCapitaLand in an estimated $3 billion[127] bid for the Marina Bay site.[126] Their bid advanced to the final stage against three competitors, and was seen as the favorite to win.[128] The government awarded the license, however, toLas Vegas Sands, citing its strength in themeetings and conventions sector.[129]
On April 19, 2007 the company announced that it planned to purchase a 7.6-acre (31,000 m2) site from Concord Wilshire Partners for $130 million and a 25.8-acre (104,000 m2) site from Gordon Gaming for $444 million. The two parcels give the company complete control of the southwest corner of the Sahara and Las Vegas Boulevard intersection. When combined with underused parts of theCircus Circus site, the company will have a 68-acre (280,000 m2) site for future development. The Concord site had been the proposed location for theMaxim Casino.[133]
On August 22, 2007,Dubai World said it would buy a 9.5 percent stake in MGM for about $2.4 billion. It would also invest about $2.7 billion to acquire a 50 percent stake in MGM's CityCenter project. Dubai World would pay MGM Mirage an additional $100 million if the project opened on time and on budget. The investment firm would buy 14.2 million shares from MGM Mirage. The firm would also issue a public tender for an additional 14.2 million shares at the same price.[134]
Old MGM Mirage logo
On October 29, 2008, MGM Mirage halted a $5 billion Atlantic City project on land next to the Borgata.
At about the same time, New Jersey gambling regulators were evaluating MGM Mirage's suitability to operate casinos in New Jersey, and were unconvinced that MGM Mirage's Macau partner, Pansy Ho, could operate independently from influence of her father, Stanley Ho. The latter was often accused of ties with Chinese organized crime and letting the gangs operate in his casinos' VIP rooms. Faced with not complying with New Jersey gaming regulations, MGM Mirage decided to divest the highly profitable Borgata in order to continue pursuing the even more lucrative Chinese market.[135] MGM Mirage subsequently transferred its 50% share in the Borgata to a divestiture trust through which it received all benefit of the ownership. The trust was responsible for selling MGM's interest within 30 months, although MGM had the right to direct the trustee during the first 18 months.[136][137][138]
On December 16, 2008, MGM Mirage announced the sale of its Las VegasTreasure Island resort and casino to billionairePhil Ruffin. The sale was completed on March 20, 2009 for $600 million in cash plus a $175 million promissory note.[139]
On March 23, 2009 Dubai World and Infinity World announced that they had filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Chancery Court seeking to be released from their CityCenter joint venture agreement with MGM Mirage after the company filed its annual report stating that "there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern," and "it cannot provide assurance that its business would generate sufficient cash flow from operation."[140][141][142]
Starting on April 6, 2009 news reports surfaced that MGM Mirage had hired investment firmMorgan Stanley to assist the company in finding possible buyers for the MGM Grand Detroit and the Beau Rivage.[143][144]
In June 2010, MGM Mirage changed its name to "MGM Resorts International", to emphasize the brand's global scope and increased non-gaming strategy.[145][146]
In May 2011 aninitial public offering was held for the MGM Macau property through a new holding company, MGM China. MGM retained a 51 percent interest in the company, with Pansy Ho holding a 29 percent stake, and 20 percent sold to public investors for $1.5 billion.[147] In January 2013, MGM China received government approval to build its second resort in Macau.[148]
In May 2014, the company broke ground on the $375-millionT-Mobile Arena located behind New-New York Hotel and Casino, in partnership withAEG Live.[154][155] The arena opened on April 6, 2016.[156]
In April 2016, MGM soldThe Shops at Crystals, the high-end mall in CityCenter, to Invesco Real Estate and Simon Property Group for $1.1 billion.[165]
In April 2016, MGM held an initial public offering forMGM Growth Properties (MGP), a newreal estate investment trust (REIT) with ownership of ten of the company's casinos; the parent company would continue to operate the casinos under a lease agreement.[166][167] The offering raised $1.05 billion, and left MGM Resorts with 76 percent ownership of the REIT.[167] In June 2016, MGM announced a joint venture with Sydell Group to renovate and rebrand the Monte Carlo as the Park MGM, named after the adjacent dining and entertainment district, The Park, that opened in April 2016.[168] In August 2016, MGM bought out Boyd Gaming's interest in the Borgata for $900 million, and then sold the property to MGP for $1.2 billion and leased it back for $100 million per year.[169][170]
In 2019, MGM sold two resorts on the Las Vegas strip: Bellagio and Circus Circus. They sold their real estate assets of Bellagio toBlackstone Group while selling Circus Circus to Phil Ruffin.[180] In 2020, they sold their real estate assets of MGM Grand and Mandalay Bay to a joint venture between Blackstone and MGP.[181]
In August 2020, MGM cut 18,000 job positions as a result of the effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic. The job cuts represent one fourth of its workforce, which before the start of the pandemic was 68,000.[186]
MGM lobbied the Trump administration against giving federal approval for a casino operated by two native tribes in East Windsor, Connecticut.[187] The casino would have provided competition to a MGM casino across the border in Massachusetts.[187]
In July 2023, MGM Resorts announced an agreement withMarriott International to bring its 17 properties within Marriott's global reservations system and its Bonvoy loyalty program, creating theMGM Collection With Marriott Bonvoy.[188] The new partnership will see four of MGM's properties fully affiliated with Marriott brands beginning in late 2023.[189] The Bellagio will join The Luxury Collection division of Marriott, the Park MGM will join Marriott'sTribute Portfolio, and the Aria will join Marriott's Autograph Collection, which The Cosmopolitan has been a member of since its opening.[190]
In September 2023, MGM's hotel and casino operations were disrupted for several days during acybersecurity attack by the hacking groupScattered Spider.[191] The company refused to pay a ransom to the hackers, and stated that its losses of $100 million would be covered bycyber insurance.[192] As a result of the cyberattack, multipleclass action lawsuits were filed against MGM Resorts as well asCaesars Entertainment, which Scattered Spider had hacked into during the same month, with all stating that the failure for both of the casino operators to adequately secure their data constituted breach of contract.[193][194]
In September, 2024, the company contracted with Escape Solar for the Escape Solar + Storage project, to be operated by Estuary Power.[195] The $340 million solar facility will help power Las Vegas Strip casinos, with more than 60% of its battery energy storage planned for MGM Resorts International casinos.[196]
In 2007, MGM Hospitality was established to operate hotels, resorts and residences in key destinations around the globe using the brands ofBellagio,MGM Grand and Skylofts.[197]
In 2009, the company formed Diaoyutai MGM Hospitality, a joint venture withDiaoyutai State Guesthouse of China (theChinese Foreign Ministry’s venue for VIPs) which develops and operates 5-star hotels and resorts in China.[198]
In April 2013, Hakkasan Las Vegas at the MGM Grand opened its 80,000-square-foot venue on five levels.[199] In 2014, MGM and Hakkasan Group announced the formation of a joint venture named MGM Hakkasan Hospitality, which would develop non-gaming hotels around the world.[200] The partnership was terminated a year later.[201]
Following the U.S. Supreme Court's May 2018 ruling that struck down thePASPA sports betting ban, in July 2018, MGM announced a 50/50 joint venture with UK gambling operator GVC Holdings (now known asEntain) to create a sports betting and online gaming platform targeting the U.S. market in states where such activities are legal.[202] In January 2019, the joint venture was named Roar Digital.[203]
In September 2019, the company announced a partnership with sports bar chain restaurantBuffalo Wild Wings. The partnership will involve Buffalo Wild Wings sports bars across the country showcasing custom sportsbook content on TV screens inside the bars, featuring live odds provided by BetMGM, as well as the establishment of three new Buffalo Wild Wings sports bars within MGM properties or in partnership with BetMGM as additional states come online. At the end of October 2019, the company established a betting partnership with Yahoo Sports to connect its sports betting online platform to the popular sports website.[204][205]
On November 8, 2021, BetMGM, along with 8 other sports gaming operators, were awarded sports betting licenses by theNew York State Gaming Commission. New York will be the largest sports gaming market in the United States when operators launch their applications in 2022.[219] Additionally, on the same day, BetMGM agreed to a multi-year marketing partnership withMadison Square Garden Sports and will become an official sports gaming sponsor for both theNew York Knicks of the NBA andNew York Rangers of the NHL.[220]
On September 14, 2022, BetMGM entered into a naming rights agreement withNJ Transit to becoming thenaming sponsor of theMeadowlands Rail Line for $3 million over the next 3 years.[221] The rail line is a special event shuttle train that offers rail service to and fromMetLife Stadium only duringNew York Giants andNew York Jets home football games, as well as major concerts and other sporting events.
On January 4, 2024, it was announced that BetMGM would become the new title sponsor of the PDCPremier League Darts for the 2024 season.[222]
On January 26, 2024, BetMGM became a partner forX (formerly Twitter), this partnership would bring gambling features to the platform.[223]
All U.S. properties (excluding golf courses and where otherwise indicated) are fully owned byVici Properties and operated by MGM through a long-termtriple net lease agreement.[224]
The company's top executives include:James Murren, chairman and chief executive officer;Bill Hornbuckle, president of global casino marketing;Brian Sandoval, president of global gambling development;Corey I. Sanders, chief operating officer; and John McManus, executive vice president, general counsel and secretary.[234][235][236][237]
As of 2015, according to the company, among the company's management ranks, more than 38 percent are minorities and nearly 43 percent are women.[238] The company has received wide recognition for its diversity and inclusion initiatives, such as: 40 Best Companies for Diversity (Black Enterprise Magazine),[239] Top 10 Companies for Latinos (DiversityInc Magazine),[240] Best Places to Work for LGBT Equality (Human Rights Campaign Foundation),[241] Top 10 Regional Companies(DiversityInc)[242] and Top Corporation for Women's Business Enterprises (Women's Business Enterprise National Council).[243]Fortune magazine named MGM Resorts one of the World's Most Admired Companies in 2017.[244]
MGM Resorts International received criticism for filing a lawsuit on July 18, 2018, against survivors and relatives of victims slain in the October 1,2017 Las Vegas shooting.[245] MGM has claimed that, because it utilized the security services ofContemporary Services Corporation, a vendor certified by theDepartment of Homeland Security at the time of the October 1 shooting, any proceedings should be held in federal court where MGM is shielded from liability by theSupport Anti-Terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act, also known as the Safety Act.[246] MGM said they are insured for $751 million towards the settlement of the lawsuit which MGM believes will be settled in May 2020.[247] Robert Englet, an attorney to some of the survivors, describes the countersuit as an attempt to get a more favorable judge.[248] Brian Claypool, another attorney of the survivors', called the lawsuits a “public relations nightmare”.[249] MGM's controversial action prompted a public outcry from survivors of the shooting, family members of the victims, lawmakers, and media members in New York State urging theNew York State Gaming Commission to block MGM from completing its $850 million deal to purchaseEmpire City Casino andYonkers Raceway inYonkers, New York, which deal had been scheduled to close in January 2019.[250][251] In October 2019, MGM agreed to pay victims and survivors up to $800 million.[252]
The company continues to receive wide recognition for its diversity and inclusion initiatives, such as: 40 Best Companies for Diversity (Black Enterprise Magazine) in 2012,[239] Best Places to Work for LGBT Equality (Human Rights Campaign Foundation) in 2013,[241] Top 10 Regional Companies (DiversityInc) in 2014,[242] Top 10 Companies for Latinos (DiversityInc Magazine),[240] and top 100 Companies for MBA Students (Universum Global) in 2014.[253]Fortune has named MGM Resorts one of the World's Most Admired Companies.[244]
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^Joel J. Smith (June 17, 2004)."MotorCity Casino to be sold".Detroit News.Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Howard Stutz (December 4, 2004)."MGM Mirage changes tactics in Detroit".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^R.J. King; Joel J. Smith (March 16, 2005)."Ilitch sews up deal for MotorCity Casino".Detroit News.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Kristina Buchthal (March 28, 2005)."Pritzkers up casino ante".Crain's Chicago Business.Archived from the original on 2021-07-29. Retrieved2013-04-21.
^Howard Stutz (April 22, 2005)."Megadeal close to completion".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Rod Smith (November 13, 2004)."Credit line OK"d".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^abRod Smith (April 26, 2005)."MGM scales top of heap".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Howard Stutz (June 14, 2005)."Gaming goliath springs to life".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Rod Smith (June 14, 2005)."Documents detail how deal came to be".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. RetrievedApril 21, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Jeff Simpson (March 5, 2003)."MGM Mirage deal in Macau possible".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 29, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Howard Stutz (March 24, 2007)."Commission finds venture suitable".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 29, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Howard Stutz (June 1, 2005)."MGM Mirage's project in Macau under way".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. RetrievedApril 29, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Hubble Smith (November 10, 2004)."Strip "metropolis" planned".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedAugust 27, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Howard Stutz (January 10, 2006)."Bye bye, Boardwalk".Las Vegas Review-Journal.Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. RetrievedAugust 27, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Liz Benston (June 30, 2006)."CityCenter forges ahead".In Business Las Vegas.Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. RetrievedAugust 27, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^abSteven Mihailovich (January 31, 2005)."MGM finds partner to dance in Singapore".Las Vegas Business Press.Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. RetrievedAugust 27, 2013. – via Factiva(subscription required)
^Form 10-K: Annual Report (Report). MGM Resorts International. March 2, 2015. p. 76.Archived from the original on 2015-03-07. Retrieved2015-04-06 – via EDGAR.
^Form 10-K: Annual Report (Report). MGM Resorts International. March 2, 2015. p. 76.Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. RetrievedApril 6, 2015 – via EDGAR.
^Form 10-K: Annual Report (Report). MGM Resorts International. February 29, 2016. p. 7.Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. RetrievedApril 26, 2018 – via EDGAR.
^Form 10-K: Annual Report (Report). MGM Resorts International. March 1, 2018. p. 72.Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. RetrievedApril 26, 2018 – via EDGAR.
^"About Us". Diaoyutai MGM Hospitality. Archived fromthe original on 2018-04-27. Retrieved2018-04-26.
^Form 10-K: Annual Report (Report). MGM Resorts International. March 1, 2018. p. 4.Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. RetrievedApril 26, 2018 – via EDGAR.
US$17.2 billion (2024)
US$1.49 billion (2024)
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