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Bernardo Kastrup | |
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.jpg) Kastrup in 2021 | |
| Born | (1974-10-21)21 October 1974 (age 50) Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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| Known for | Analytic idealism |
| Website | bernardokastrup |
Bernardo Kastrup (born 21 October 1974) is a Brazilian-Dutch philosopher and computer scientist best known for his work in the field of consciousness studies, particularly his development of analytic idealism, a form ofmetaphysical idealism grounded in theanalytic philosophical tradition. He has written several books and papers arguing againstphysicalism and proposing that consciousness is a fundamental aspect of reality. Kastrup is the executive director of Essentia Foundation.
Bernardo Kastrup was born inNiterói, Brazil,[1] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and later moved to Switzerland, but currently lives in the Netherlands.[citation needed]
He graduated in electronic engineering from theFederal University of Rio de Janeiro in 1997.[1] He received his Ph.D. in computer engineering with the thesisAutomatic synthesis of reconfigurable instruction set accelerators from theEindhoven University of Technology, where his research focused on reconfigurable computing and artificial intelligence.
He earned his second Ph.D., in philosophy, fromRadboud University Nijmegen, with his research focused onphilosophy of mind andontology. His doctoral dissertation wasAnalytic Idealism: A consciousness-only ontology,[2] which articulated the metaphysical position he would continue to develop.
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Kastrup began his career in academia and technological research by contributing to areas such asartificial intelligence andinformation security. As a scientist, he has worked for theEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), thePhilips Research Laboratories, and as a technology strategist forASML Holding. He co-founded the parallel processor company Silicon Hive, which was acquired byIntel in 2011.[citation needed]
Kastrup later shifted his research to philosophy, with a focus onmetaphysics and the debate over the nature ofconsciousness.[citation needed]. Kastrup is the executive director of Essentia Foundation, which claims to curate and publish "the latest analytic and scientific indications that metaphysical materialism is fundamentally flawed".[3]
Since the publication of his dissertation, Kastrup has continued to advance and popularize his theory.[4][5] He has written for numerous publications, includingScientific American,[6] where his articles critiquephysicalist interpretations of consciousness and offer anidealist alternative.[7] Kastrup is also an author, with several books that explore consciousness and reality from the perspective of analytic idealism. These includeWhy Materialism is Baloney,The Idea of the World, andDecoding Jung’s Metaphysics.
Kastrup is best known for the development of analytic idealism, a metaphysical and ontological framework that posits phenomenal consciousness is the fundamental "reduction base" of reality as a whole, and that individual minds aredissociations of themonist universal mind.[8][9][10]
Kastrup has engaged in a number of public debates with prominent figures in both science and philosophy, including neuroscientistChristof Koch, philosopherGraham Oppy, lecturer/writerSusan Blackmore, cognitive scientistDonald D. Hoffman, philosopherPhilip Goff, and physicist and science educatorSabine Hossenfelder.[11][12][13][14] These debates have sometimes been adversarial and incited controversy.[15]
Some of Kastrup's works include:
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