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Berlin-Spandau station is aDeutsche Bahn station in theBerlin district ofSpandau on the south-western edge of theold town of Spandau. The railway junction station is one of the 80 stations classified byDeutsche Bahn as acategory 2 station.[1] It has the longesttrain shed (440 metres (1,440 ft)) inGermany.
The high-traffic station with six platform tracks is a transfer point between long-distance passenger services—Intercity-Express (ICE),Intercity (IC) andEuroCity (EC)—and regional services (S-Bahn,Regionalbahn andRegional-Express). It also provides connections to the inner city by the public transport services operated by theBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe:buses andU-Bahn lineU7 at the adjacentRathaus Spandau station.
TheBerlin–Hamburg railway from the northwest and theBerlin–Lehrte railway from the west join west of the station and the combined lines, after passing through the station, runs over a bridge over theHavel and continues to the east and then runs jointly with theRingbahn (Ring Railway) for some distance on its way toBerlin Hauptbahnhof. The line running from the station was initially parallel with theSpandau Suburban Line of the S-Bahn, which connects with theBerlin Stadtbahn to reachBerlin Hauptbahnhof by a different route.
Spandau station is also the terminus of the S-Bahn line, although there is a proposal to extend it into theHavelland. TheBahnhof Spandau andRathaus Spandau bus stops in front of the station entrance are served by more than ten regional bus lines and city bus lines and they constitute the most important bus node in Berlin afterHardenbergplatz next toBerlin Zoologischer Garten station.
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The station has six platform tracks, four for regional and long-distance services and two for the S-Bahn. Outside the four-arch train shed there is also a freight track. It has the DB Station code of BSPD, while the code of the S-Bahn section is BSPA.
The station building was built between 1996 and 1998, while rail railway operations continued, to the design of the architectural bureau ofGerkan, Marg and Partners. It has a strikingvaulted roof of glass that completely covers the platforms over a length of 432 metres (1,417 ft) in the style of classic railway architecture. A direct platform tunnel has been built under the tracks on the western side parallel to the new street ofAm Bahnhof Spandau and a path giving access to the platforms runs to the east of the entrance hall near Klosterstraße.
The entrance hall is 16 metres (52 ft) wide.
As early as 1871, there was a station at this point on the newly opened Berlin–Lehrte railway, which was called theLehrter Bahnhof (“station on the railway to Lehrte”) to distinguish it from theHamburger Bahnhof (“station on the railway to Hamburg”) in Spandau. This station was closed for passengers on 1 October 1890, so that local and long-distance trains only stopped in Spandau at the Hamburger Bahnhof, which was now called theSpandau Personenbahnhof (“Spandau passenger station”). The Lehrter Bahnhof took over the freight operations in Spandau and operated as Spandau freight yard (Güterbahnhof) on the grounds where the shopping centre ofSpandau Arcaden (“arcades”) is now located. The half-timbered building of the former Lehrter Bahnhof was dismantled in 1890 and in 1891 theStadtpark restaurant was built; this was demolished in 1966.
This station was opened next to the freight depot on 15 July 1910, originally asSpandau Vorortbahnhof (suburban station). Its name was changed toSpandau West in the same year, about the same time asHamburger Bahnhof (Spandau station) was renamedSpandau Hauptbahnhof (main station).
The new suburban station was better located than the main station, as it was closer to the Spandau old town (Altstadt) and the new town hall, which was under construction. The platforms were on an embankment and below the tracks at the ends of the platforms there were entrance halls connecting to Galenstraße and also to the intersection of Staakener Straße and Seegefelder Straße, where a subway led to the station of the East Havelland District Railways (Osthavelländische Kreisbahnen).
The station had three tracks next to two platforms, with the regularly-used tracks on either side of an island platform. The Spandau Suburban Line, which connected to the Stadtbahn, ended at the station. The passenger tracks of theHamburg-Lehrter Bahn (that is the tracks of the lines to Hamburg and Lehrte that had been rebuilt as a single set of tracks between Berlin and Spandau) fromLehrter Stadtbahnhof (Lehrter Stadtbahn station, now part ofBerlin Hauptbahnhof) ran as the long-distance lines to the north and the south of the platforms.
The suburban trains from Lehrter Stadtbahn station also crossed over on to the station's passenger tracks and continued toNauen andWustermark over the Spandau suburban tracks. To the west of the station was the junction of the tracks of the Hamburg and Lehrte railways, where they formed the suburban and long-distance passenger tracks that ran into Berlin. The Spandau suburban line ended in Spandau at four storage sidings.
The busy flow of commuters between Berlin, Spandau, and towns in the EastHavelland at the station compared to the current modest regional service is hard to imagine today. Even after the electrification of the Spandau suburban line from Berlin with the Ringbahn, the Stadtbahn and the suburban railways (referred to as the S-Bahn from 1930), the operation of steam-hauled commuter trains from the Lehrter Stadtbahn station continued.
In the 1930s, the steam-hauled suburban trains ran from Lehrter station to Spandau West station to the end of the electrified line at 10-minute intervals and then continued alternatively to Nauen or Wustermark at 20-minute intervals. Eyewitnesses reported enthusiastically on the interchange between S-Bahn and the suburban railways, because it was possible to interchange quickly and easily on the same platform.
At the current Berlin-Spandau station the complicated arrangements for interchange between the S-Bahn and regional services is an obstacle, which has led to support for the extension of the S-Bahn through Spandau to promote the recovery of commuter traffic and to promote the development of the outskirts.
On 23 August 1928, electric trains ran to Spandau, running over the Spandau Suburban Line rather than using the route of the long-distance trains. It was intended that Spandau West would be a terminus for only a few years as an extension to Wustermark or Falkensee and Nauen was always planned.
The development scheme planned in the 1930s and 1940s was partially implemented. As of 1951, the first S-Bahn trains continued through Spandau West to Falkensee or along the Lehrter Railway toStaaken. In the opposite direction it was possible to take the S-Bahn toJungfernheide and the Ringbahn. Simultaneously the Lehrter station in Berlin was closed in 1951.Deutsche Reichsbahn terminated the steam-hauled suburban trains at the S-Bahn terminuses and only S-Bahn trains stopped at Spandau West.
The building of theBerlin Wall on 13 August 1961 affected the station indirectly. The S-Bahn trains to Falkensee were cut back to Spandau West. The S-Bahn service to Staaken was interrupted for several months. Thereafter, the line and thus also the station was affected by the boycott of the S-Bahn byWest Berliners. Unneeded infrastructure was exposed to the ravages of time, maintenance was rare as services on the lines were increasingly thinned out. The S-Bahn's low point was reached when the West Berlin-based employees of Deutsche Reichsbahn went on strike from 17 September 1980. Deutsche Reichsbahn did not address the demands of the employees and almost all S-Bahn services in the western part of the city were closed. The Spandau lines, including Spandau West station, were closed on 25 September 1980. The abandoned station was only used by freight trains and passenger trains ran to and from Hamburg on the long-distance tracks without stopping.
The acquisition of the S-Bahn by theBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe on 9 January 1984 was expected to lead to the reopening of the line to Staaken via a new S-Bahn station calledRathaus Spandau (rather than Spandau West). However, this was postponed, as U-Bahn line U7 was completed to Rathaus Spandau (located next to Spandau West station) on 1 October 1984.
The initial plans for theHanover–Berlin high-speed railway were developed during the same decade. Negotiations withEast Germany for what was initially intended as a transit route betweenWest Germany andWest Berlin began in autumn 1988. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the completion of negotiations with an agreement on the route in June 1990, gave further impetus to planning.
The transfer of the station from across the Havel (the former Hamburger station, laterSpandau Hauptbahnhof) directly to the site near the Old Town and the Town Hall—where in any case the replacement of worn out equipment was necessary—had already been contemplated during the reconstruction of Spandau railway facilities in 1910. It was also proposed to resume S-Bahn services over the Spandau Suburban Line with the option of an extension to the west.
A design of the Spanish architectSantiago Calatrava won a closedurban design competition for the new long-distance and S-Bahn station in 1993. Calatrava imagined that the platforms would be flanked by office buildings—as later implemented for the newBerlin Hauptbahnhof.[4] This was difficult to finance and caused a long controversy over the plan. Finally, the third-ranked design of the German architectural bureau ofGerkan, Marg and Partners[4] was developed between 1996 and 1998 after a review of the original design, which had a roof that was open on both sides. Objections of the passenger associations during the planning approval process achieved a better design for access to the S-Bahn platform.
The first platform of the new Berlin-Spandau station was opened to traffic on 19 May 1997, initially only for long-distance and regional services. S-Bahn services were extended when the train shed was finished on 30 December 1998.
With the completion of the new Berlin railway node on 28 May 2006, the number of daily regional services was reduced from 250 to 212 and the number of long-distance services increased from 66 to 100.[5]
The design of the station has been criticised as inadequate.[6] The station is considered to be part of a congested railway. Passenger trains are only allowed to stop at the platform for a maximum of six minutes between 5 AM and 8 PM. Trains are only allowed to reverse at the platform if either the scheduled stay does not take longer than six minutes or it would use less capacity than to move to a siding.[7]
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The station is served by severalIntercity-Express,Intercity and regional services operated by Deutsche Bahn, as well as lines S3 and S9 of the Berlin S-Bahn. The nearbyRathaus Spandau U-Bahn station is served by lineU7 and numerous bus routes (including M32, M37 and M45) operated by theBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe and regional bus companies from the surrounding area.
In spring 2006, plans were finalised for an extension of a single-track S-Bahn line to Falkensee. However, its construction depended on financing becoming available. After the2011 state election, theSPD and theCDU formed agrand coalition. The coalition agreement included a commitment to develop plans to extend the S-Bahn line "from Spandau station to the west to Falkensee".
The station is serves by the following services:[8]
| Line | Route | Interval | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICE 9 | Berlin Ostbahnhof – | Berlin Hbf –Berlin-Spandau –Köln –Bonn | Some trains | ||
| Berlin Südkreuz – | |||||
| ICE 10 | Berlin Ostbahnhof –Berlin Hbf –Hanover –Bielefeld – (Hamm –) | Dortmund –Duisburg –Düsseldorf (–Cologne /Mönchengladbach) | Every hour | ||
| Hagen –Wuppertal – Cologne | |||||
| ICE 11 | Hamburg-Altona – Berlin –Berlin-Spandau –Leipzig –Erfurt –Frankfurt (Main) –Mannheim –Stuttgart –Munich | One train | |||
| ICE 13 | Berlin Ostbahnhof –Berlin-Spandau –Braunschweig –Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe –Frankfurt South –Frankfurt Airport | Every 2 hours | |||
| ICE 14 | Berlin Ostbahnhof – Berlin Hbf– Berlin Spandau Hanover – | Bielefeld –Gütersloh – Dortmund – | Essen – Düsseldorf – | Mönchengladbach –Aachen | Some trains |
| Osnabrück –Münster –Recklinghausen | Köln (–Aachen) | ||||
| ICE 15 | Hamburg-Altona –Ludwigslust –Berlin Spandau – Berlin Hbf –Halle – Erfurt – Eisenach – Frankfurt | One train | |||
| ICE 16 | Berlin Ostbahnhof – Berlin Hbf –Berlin Spandau – Frankfurt | Every 2 hours | |||
| ICE 18 | Hamburg-Altona –Hamburg –Berlin-Spandau – Berlin Hbf –Halle –Erfurt –Nuremberg –Ingolstadt/Augsburg –Munich | ||||
| ICE 19 | Berlin East – Berlin Hbf –Berlin-Spandau – Hanover – Bielefeld –Hagen – Wuppertal – Cologne (–Bonn –Koblenz –Mainz –Mannheim –Heidelberg –Stuttgart) | ||||
| ICE 22 | Berlin Ostbahnhof – Berlin Hbf –Berlin-Spandau – Wolfsburg –Brunswick –Hildesheim –Göttingen –Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Frankfurt | ||||
| ICE 27 | Hamburg –Berlin –Dresden | ||||
| IC 27EC 27 | (Hamburg –Berlin-Spandau –) Berlin Hbf –Dresden –Prague –Brno (– Budapest) | ||||
| ICE 28 | Hamburg Hbf –Berlin-Spandau – Berlin Hbf –Leipzig – Erfurt – Nuremberg – Munich | ||||
| ICE 77IC 77 | Berlin Ostbahnhof –Berlin-Spandau – Hannover –Osnabrück – | –Münster (Westf) (ICE) | Individual services | ||
| –Bad Bentheim –Amersfoort Centraal –Amsterdam (IC) | Every 2 hours | ||||
| ICE 91 | Hamburg-Altona –Berlin Spandau – Berlin Hbf –Halle –Erfurt – Nuremberg –Passau –Linz –Vienna | Two train pairs | |||
| FLX 11 | Berlin –Berlin-Spandau – Stendal – Wolfsburg –Hannover Messe/Laatzen – Göttingen – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Fulda –Frankfurt Airport –Mainz | Individual services | |||
| FLX 30 | Leipzig –Berlin Südkreuz –Berlin Hbf –Berlin-Spandau –Stendal –Hannover –Bielefeld –Dortmund –Essen –Duisburg –Düsseldorf –Cologne –Aachen | ||||
| FLX 35 | Berlin –Berlin-Spandau – Stendal –Lüneburg –Hamburg-Harburg – Hamburg | ||||
| Line | Route |
|---|---|
| RE 2 | Nauen –Berlin-Spandau –Berlin Zoologischer Garten –Berlin Ostbahnhof –Königs Wusterhausen –Lübben (Spreewald) –Cottbus |
| RE 4 | (Stendal –)Rathenow –Wustermark –Berlin-Spandau –Berlin Potsdamer Platz –Berlin Südkreuz –Ludwigsfelde –Jüterbog –Falkenberg (Elster) |
| RE 6 | Berlin-Charlottenburg –Berlin-Spandau –Hennigsdorf – Neuruppin – Wittstock (Dosse) – Pritzwalk –Wittenberge |
| RE 8 | Wismar –Schwerin – Wittenberge – Nauen –Berlin-Spandau –Berlin Friedrichstraße –Berlin Ostkreuz –BER Airport |
| RB 10 | Nauen – Falkensee –Berlin-Spandau –Berlin Jungfernheide – Berlin Hauptbahnhof – Berlin Potsdamer Platz – Berlin Südkreuz |
| RB 14 | Nauen – Falkensee –Berlin-Spandau – Berlin Jungfernheide – Berlin Hauptbahnhof – Berlin Potsdamer Platz – Berlin Südkreuz |
| RB 21 | Berlin Gesundbrunnen – Berlin Jungfernheide –Berlin-Spandau –Dallgow-Döberitz –Wustermark –Golm –Potsdam |
| Line | Route |
|---|---|
 | Spandau –Westkreuz –Hauptbahnhof –Alexanderplatz – Ostbahnhof –Karlshorst –Köpenick –Erkner |
 | Spandau – Westkreuz – Hauptbahnhof – Alexanderplatz – Ostbahnhof –Schöneweide –Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg |
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TheRathaus Spandau U-Bahn station is the western terminus of line U7 the Berlin U-Bahn. It was opened on 1 October 1984. Although the station is very close to Spandau S-Bahn station, it has kept its name. The buses ofBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe always show the destination asS+U Rathaus Spandau, although the S-Bahn station is only signed asSpandau.
| Line | Route |
|---|---|
 | Rathaus Spandau –Jungfernheide –Bismarckstraße –Wilmersdorfer Straße –Fehrbelliner Platz –Berliner Straße –Bayerischer Platz –Yorckstraße –Möckernbrücke –Mehringdamm –Hermannplatz –Neukölln –Rudow |
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Long-distance stations inBerlin | ||
|---|---|---|
| ICE/IC stops |
|  |
| Other stations | ||