| Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) | |
|---|---|
 | |
%2c_July_2023.JPG) BART train in southern San Francisco | |
| Overview | |
| Locale | San Francisco Bay Area (Alameda,Contra Costa,San Francisco,San Mateo, andSanta Clara counties) |
| Transit type |
|
| Number of lines |
|
| Number of stations | 50 (7 planned/proposed) |
| Daily ridership | 167,800 (weekdays, Q4 2024)[1] |
| Annual ridership | 50,791,900 (2024)[2] |
| Chief executive | Robert Powers[3] |
| Headquarters | 2150 Webster Street Oakland, California |
| Website | bart |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | September 11, 1972 (1972-09-11) |
| Operator(s) | San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District |
| Character | Fullygrade separated with at-grade,elevated andunderground sections |
| Number of vehicles | 805 total, with 700+ available for service;[4] with 8 DMU vehicle sets (eBART);[5] and 4 AGT vehicle sets |
| Train length | |
| Headway | 20 minutes (4 of 5 service lines), 10 minutes (1 service line)[7] |
| Technical | |
| System length | 131.4 mi (211.5 km)[5] |
| Track gauge |
|
| Minimum radius of curvature | 120 m (394 ft) |
| Electrification | Third rail,1 kV DC[5][8] |
| Average speed | 35 mph (56 km/h)[5] |
| Top speed |
|
| Part ofa series on |
| Bay Area Rapid Transit |
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Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is arapid transit system serving theSan Francisco Bay Area inCalifornia. BART serves50 stations along six routes and 131 miles (211 kilometers) of track, includingeBART, a 9-mile (14 km) spur line running toAntioch, andOakland Airport Connector, a 3-mile (4.8 km) automated guideway transit line servingOakland International Airport. With an average of 167,800 weekday passenger trips as of the fourth quarter of 2024 and 50,791,900 annual passenger trips in 2024, BART is theseventh-busiest rapid transit system in the United States.
BART is operated by theSan Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District which formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. The system has been extended several times, most recently in 2020, whenMilpitas andBerryessa/North San José stations opened as part of the under constructionSilicon Valley BART extension in partnership with theSanta Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA).[10]
BART serves large portions of its three member counties –San Francisco,Alameda, andContra Costa – as well as smaller portions ofSan Mateo County andSanta Clara counties. The system has50 stations: 22 in Alameda County, 12 in Contra Costa County, 8 in San Francisco, 6 in San Mateo County, and 2 in Santa Clara County. BART operates five named heavy rail services plus one separate automated guideway line. All of the heavy rail services run throughOakland, and all but the Orange Line cross the bay through theTransbay Tube to San Francisco. All five services run every day until 9 pm; only three services operate evenings after 9 pm. All stations are served during all service hours.[11] Theeastern segment of theYellow Line (between Antioch and the transfer platform east of Pittsburg/Bay Point) uses different rolling stock and is separated from the rest of the line.[12]
| Route name | First service | Length (mi) | Termini | Lines used | Notes[13] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Orange Line | 1972 | 51 | Berryessa/ North San José | Richmond | R, K, A, S | Operates during all service hours. |
 Yellow Line | 1973 | 62.2 | SFO (until 9pm) | Antioch | C, K, M, W, Y, E | Operates during all service hours. Daytime service ends at SFO; evening (after 9 pm) service ends at Millbrae. UsesDMU vehicles (eBART) between Antioch andPittsburg/Bay Point. |
| Millbrae (after 9pm) | ||||||
 Green Line | 1974 | 53 | Daly City | Berryessa/ North San José | S, A, M | No evening (after 9 pm) service. |
 Red Line | 1976 | 38.2 | Millbrae | Richmond | R, K, M, W, Y | No evening (after 9 pm) service. |
 Blue Line | 1997 | 35.7 | Daly City | Dublin/ Pleasanton | L, A, M | Operates during all service hours. |
 Oakland Airport Connector | 2014 | 3.2 | OAK | Coliseum | H | Operates during all service hours. UsesAGT vehicles. |
BART has elements of both traditionalrapid transit (high-frequency urban service with close station spacing) andcommuter rail/regional rail (lower-frequency suburban service with wider station spacing). Trains on each primary service run every 20 minutes, except the busy Yellow Line, which operates every 10 minutes on weekdays.[14] Segments served by multiple lines have higher frequencies, the busiest of which is the section between Daly City and West Oakland, which has around 15 trains per hour (one train about every four minutes), per direction at peak hours.[7] TheOakland Airport Connector runs "on demand", typically on headways of 10 minutes or less.[13]
Timed cross-platform transfers are available between the Orange Line, which operates only in the East Bay, and the Yellow Line, which operates through the Transbay Tube to the San Francisco Peninsula. This service complements the Red Line during daytime hours and replaces that line when it stops operating after 9pm.[7]
The first inbound trains leave outer terminals around 5:00 am on weekdays, 6:00 am on Saturdays, and 8:00 am on Sundays and most holidays. The last trains of the service day leave their terminals around midnight; the final Yellow and Orange Line trains in both directions meet atMacArthur station, and the final Orange and Blue Line trains in the southbound direction meet atBay Fair station, for guaranteed transfers.
Two different bus networks are operated by regional transit agencies as arail replacement bus service when BART is not operating due to regularly scheduled maintenance during the overnight hours.
TheAll Nighter network provides basic bus service to San Francisco, the East Bay, and Peninsula, replicating rail transit services in those regions, including BART, Caltrain, and Muni Metro. All Nighter buses serve most BART stations (directly or within several blocks), replicating 3-Line late night BART service with abbreviated routes:[15]
The All Nighter-branded bus service started in 2006,[16] although late night bus service had been provided as an alternative to BART prior to then.
TheEarly Bird Express network is another bus alternative which provides service to major BART stations in the early morning between 3:50 am and 5:30 am.[17] Early Bird Express buses are operated by local transit agencies, includingAC Transit,Golden Gate Transit,Muni, andSamTrans, running between a limited number of major BART stations on San Francisco/Peninsula and Transbay routes which all meet at theSalesforce Transit Center. Early Bird Express routes are identified by three-digit route numbers starting with 7xx.[17] As of August 2024[update], there are six Early Bird Express routes, replicating 3-Line service:[17]
The original Early Bird Express network was introduced in February 2019 when the start of rail service was shifted from 4 a.m. to 5 a.m. to accommodate seismic upgrades in theTransbay Tube;[18] at its debut, it featured fifteen routes,[19][20] but some were eliminated later that year due to low ridership.[21][22] Additional routes were eliminated in 2024, including an inbound bus from Fremont replicating Orange Line service.[23]
Historically, BART operatedBART Express bus service between 1974 and 1997, extending transit coverage to central and eastern Alameda and Contra Costa counties; these routes were discontinued following the completion of rail line extensions starting in the late 1990s. BART Express was operated for BART under contracts to AC Transit (1974–1989) and Laidlaw (1989–1997).[24] Since then, some services similar to the legacy BART Express routes which were not replaced by rail service have been taken over by local bus operators, including WestCAT[25]: 6 and Tri Delta Transit.[26]: 5
To accommodate those with conditions and disabilities that prevent from boarding a train, BART has entered a joint venture with AC Transit to establishEast Bay Paratransit to provideparatransit bus services.[27]
Intermodal connections to local, regional, and intercity transit – including bus,light rail,commuter rail, andintercity rail – are available across the BART system. ThreeAmtrak intercity rail services – theCalifornia Zephyr,Capitol Corridor, andSan Joaquins – stop atRichmond station; theCapitol Corridor also stops atOakland Coliseum station.[12] Transfer between BART and theCaltrain commuter rail service is available atMillbrae station.[12]
BART and most lines of San Francisco'sMuni Metro light rail system share four stations (Embarcadero,Montgomery Street,Powell Street, andCivic Center/UN Plaza) in theMarket Street subway; connections are also available to three lines atBalboa Park station and one line atGlen Park station. A tunnel at the Powell Street station connects to theUnion Square/Market Street station on the Muni MetroT Third Street line. In the South Bay,Milpitas station provides a connection to theOrange Line ofVTA light rail.[12]
BART is served by bus connections from regional and local transit agencies at all stations, most of which have dedicated off-street bus transfer areas. Many connecting routes (particularly in suburban areas) serve primarily as feeder routes to BART. Larger bus systems connecting to BART includeMuni in San Francisco,AC Transit in the East Bay,SamTrans in San Mateo County,County Connection andTri Delta Transit in eastern Contra Costa County,WestCAT in western Contra Costa County,WHEELS in the Tri-Valley,VTA in the Santa Clara Valley, andGolden Gate Transit. Smaller systems includeEmery Go-Round in Emeryville,Commute.org on the Peninsula,San Leandro LINKS,Dumbarton Express, andUnion City Transit. TheSalesforce Transit Center regional bus hub is located one block from Embarcadero and Montgomery stations.[28]
Several transit agencies offer limited commuter-oriented bus service from more distant cities to outlying BART stations; these includeVINE from Napa County,Solano Express from Solano County,Rio Vista Delta Breeze,Stanislaus Regional Transit Authority from Stanislaus County, andSan Joaquin RTD from Stockton. Many BART stations are also served by privately run employer and hospital shuttles, and privately run intercity buses stop at several stations.[28]
BART also runs directly to two of the three major Bay Area airports (San Francisco International Airport andOakland International Airport) with service toSan Jose International Airport provided by aVTA bus route available atMilpitas station.[28][12]
Some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's current coverage area was once served by an electrifiedstreetcar and suburban train system called theKey System. This early 20th-century system once had regular transbay traffic across the lower deck of theBay Bridge, but the system wasdismantled in the 1950s, with its last transbay crossing in 1958, and was superseded by highway travel. A 1950s study of traffic problems in the Bay Area concluded the most cost-effective solution for the Bay Area's traffic woes would be to form a transit district charged with the construction and operation of a new, high-speed rapid transit system linking the cities and suburbs.[29] Marvin E. Lewis, a San Francisco trial attorney and member of the city's board of supervisors spearheaded a grassroots movement to advance the idea of an alternative bay crossing and the possibility of regional transit network.[30]
Formal planning for BART began with the setting up in 1957 of theSan Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, acounty-based special-purpose district body that governs the BART system. The district initially began with five members, all of which were projected to receive BART lines:Alameda County,Contra Costa County,the City and County of San Francisco,San Mateo County, andMarin County. Although invited to participate, Santa Clara County supervisors elected not to join BART due to their dissatisfaction that the peninsula line only stopped atPalo Alto initially, and that it interfered with suburban development inSan Jose, preferring instead to concentrate on constructing freeways and expressways. Though the system expanded into Santa Clara County in 2020, as of June 2024 it is still not a district member.
In 1962, San Mateo County supervisors voted to leave BART, saying their voters would be paying taxes to carry mainly Santa Clara County residents (presumably alongI-280,SR 92, andSR 85).[31] The district-wide tax base was weakened by San Mateo's departure, forcing Marin County to withdraw a month later. Despite the fact that Marin had originally voted in favor of BART participation at the 88% level, its marginal tax base could not adequately absorb its share of BART's projected cost. Another important factor in Marin's withdrawal was an engineering controversy over the feasibility of running trains on the lower deck of theGolden Gate Bridge, an extension forecast as late as three decades after the rest of the BART system.[32][33][34] The withdrawals of Marin and San Mateo resulted in a downsizing of the original system plans, which would have had lines as far south as Palo Alto and northward pastSan Rafael. Voters in the three remaining participating counties approved the truncated system, with termini inFremont, Richmond, Concord, and Daly City, in 1962.[35]
Construction of the system began in 1964, and included a number of major engineering challenges, including excavating subway tunnels in San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley; constructing aerial structures throughout the Bay Area, particularly in Alameda and Contra Costa counties;tunneling through the Berkeley Hills on the Concord line; and lowering the system's centerpiece, theTransbay Tube connecting Oakland and San Francisco, into a trench dredged onto the floor of San Francisco Bay.[36] Like other transit systems of the same era, BART endeavored to connect outlying suburbs with job centers in Oakland and San Francisco by building lines that paralleled established commuting routes of the region'sfreeway system.[37] BART envisioned frequent local service, withheadways as short as two minutes between trains through the Transbay Tube and six minutes on each individual line.[38]
Passenger service began on September 11, 1972, initially just betweenMacArthur andFremont. The rest of the system opened in stages, with the entire system opening in 1974 when the transbay service through the Transbay Tube began.[39] The new BART system was hailed as a major step forward in subway technology,[40] although questions were asked concerning the safety of the system[41] and the huge expenditures necessary for the construction of the network.[42] Ridership remained well below projected levels throughout the 1970s, and direct service from Daly City to Richmond and Fremont was not phased in until several years after the system opened.
Some of the early safety concerns appeared to be well founded when the system experienced a number of train-control failures in its first few years of operation. As early as 1969, before revenue service began, several BART engineers identified safety problems with the Automatic Train Control (ATC) system. The BART Board of Directors was dismissive of their concerns and retaliated by firing them.[43] Less than a month after the system's opening, on October 2, 1972, an ATC failure caused a train to run off the end of the elevated track at the terminal Fremont station and crash to the ground, injuring four people.[44][45] The "Fremont Flyer" led to a comprehensive redesign of the train controls and also resulted in multiple investigations being opened by the California State Senate, California Public Utilities Commission, and National Transportation Safety Board.[46] Hearings by the state legislature in 1974 into financial mismanagement at BART forced the General Manager to resign in May 1974, and the entire Board of Directors was replaced the same year when the legislature passed legislation leading to the election of a new Board and the end of appointed members.[47][48][49][50][51][52]
Even before the BART system opened, planners projected several possible extensions. Although Marin County was left out of the original system, the 1970 Golden Gate Transportation Facilities Plan considered a tunnel under the Golden Gate or second deck on the bridge, but neither of these plans was pursued.[53] Over twenty years would pass before the first extensions to the BART system were completed toColma andPittsburg/Bay Point in 1996. An extension toDublin/Pleasanton in 1997 added a fifth line to the system for the first time in BART's history. The system was expanded toSan Francisco International Airport in 2003 and toOakland International Airport via anautomated guideway transit spur line in 2014.[54][55]eBART, an extension usingdiesel multiple units along conventional railroad infrastructure between Pittsburg/Bay Point andAntioch on the Yellow Line, opened on May 26, 2018. BART's most significant current extension project is theSilicon Valley BART extension on the Green and Orange Lines. The first phase extended the Fremont line to Warm Springs/South Fremont in early 2017, and the second phase to Berryessa/North San José began service on June 13, 2020. The third phase to Santa Clara is contingent upon the allocation of funding as of May 2020[update], but is planned to be completed by 2036.[56]
Plans had long been floated for an extension from Dublin to Livermore, but the most recent proposal was rejected by the BART board in 2018.[57] Other plans have included an extension to Hercules, a line along the Interstate Highway 680 corridor, and a fourth set of rail tracks through Oakland.[needs update][58] At least four infill stations such as Irvington and Calaveras on existing lines have been proposed.[59] With the Transbay Tube nearing capacity, long-range plans included a new four-bore Transbay Tube beneath San Francisco Bay that would run parallel and south of the existing tunnel and emerge at theTransbay Transit Terminal to connect toCaltrain and the futureCalifornia High-Speed Rail system. The four-bore tunnel would provide two tunnels for BART and two tunnels for conventional/high-speed rail. The BART system and conventional U.S. rail use different and incompatible rail gauges and differentloading gauges.[5] In 2018, BART announced that a feasibility study for installing a second transbay crossing would commence the following year.[60] By 2019, the Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority (CCJPA) had joined with BART to study a multi-modal crossing, which could also allowCapitol Corridor andSan Joaquins routes to serve San Francisco directly.[61]
In 2007, BART stated its intention to improve non-peak (night and weekend) headways for each line to 15 minutes. The 20-minute headways at these times is a barrier to ridership.[62] In mid-2007, BART temporarily reversed its position, stating that the shortened wait times would likely not happen due to a $900,000 state revenue budget shortfall. Nevertheless, BART eventually confirmed the implementation of the plan by January 2008.[63] Continued budgetary problems halted the expanded non-peak service and returned off-peak headways to 20 minutes in 2009.[64]
In 2008, BART announced that it would install solar panels at two yards, maintenance facilities, andOrinda station[65] (the only station that receives sufficient sunlight to justify installation cost).[65]
In 2012, theCalifornia Transportation Commission announced that they would provide funding for expanding BART facilities, through theSanta Clara Valley Transportation Authority, in anticipation of the opening of theSilicon Valley Berryessa Extension. $50 million would go in part to improvements to the Hayward Maintenance Complex.[66]
In March 2019, BART announced that they would begin updating ticket add-fare machines inside thepaid area to accept debit and credit cards for payment (forClipper cards only).[67] In December 2020, BART completed the changeover to Clipper and stopped issuing magstripe paper tickets. Existing paper tickets remained valid.[68] In April 2021, BART began accepting Clipper cards onApple Pay,Google Pay, and the Clipper app at all BART stations.[69] By December 2023, the fare system was entirely Clipper-only.[70]
During the1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the BART equipment was mostly undamaged. A 2010 study[71] concluded that along with some Bay Area freeways, some of BART's overhead structures could collapse in a major earthquake, which has a significant probability of occurring within three decades.[72]Seismic retrofitting has been carried out since 2004 upon voter approval to address these deficiencies,especially in the Transbay Tube. BART projects that Transbay Tube retrofits are expected to be completed in 2023.[73][74]
The mainline BART network operates withelectric powered, self-propelled railcars. For most lines, six cars are coupled together in a train, except the Yellow Line, which uses eight-car trains.[6] BART trains havegangway connections, and passengers can move freely between cars.[75] The cars have three doors on each side, bike racks, 54 seats per car, andinterior and exterior displays giving information.[76] The new cars, branded by BART as its "Fleet of the Future", were unveiled in April 2016.[77] The first cars were expected to be in service in December 2016, however, glitches and a failedCPUC inspection delayed introduction to January 19, 2018.[78][79][80] A total of 775 cars were ordered fromBombardier (which merged withAlstom during production):[81][82] 310 cab cars (D-cars) and 465 non-cab cars (E-cars).[83][76] As of July 23, 2024[update], BART has received all 775 D and E cars, of which 769 have been certified for service.[84] To run its peak service, BART requires 400 cars. Of those, 384 are scheduled to be in active service; the others are used to build up spare trains (used to maintain on-time service).[6][85][86]
The previous BART fleet, consisting of A, B, and C cars, was built between 1968 and 1996.[6] It was retired from regular service on September 11, 2023, with the final revenue runs on April 20, 2024.[6][87]
TheOakland Airport Connector uses a completely separate and independently operated fleet ofcable car-basedautomated guideway transit vehicles. It uses fourCable Liner trains built byDCC Doppelmayr Cable Car, arranged as three-car sets, but the system can accommodate four-car trains in the future.
TheeBART extension uses eightStadler GTWdiesel railcars.[88] The Stadler GTW vehicles arediesel multiple units, which operate over standard gauge tracks (as opposed to BART's broad gauge).[77][89]
| Lines | Manufacturer | Class | Image | Car numbers | Qty. | Built |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main system | Bombardier/ Alstom[a] | D | .jpg) | 3001–3310 | 310 | 2012–2024 |
| E |  | 4001–4465 | 465 | |||
| Oakland Airport Connector | Doppelmayr | Cable Liner |  | 1.3–4.3 | 4 sets | 2014 |
| eBART | Stadler | GTW |  | 101–108 | 8 | 2016 |
| Lines | Manufacturer | Class | Image | Car numbers | Qty. | Built | Retired |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main system | Rohr | A |  | 1164–1276 | 59 | 1968–1975 | April 20, 2024 |
| B |  | 1501–1913 | 380 | 1971–1975 | |||
| Alstom | C1 |  | 301–450 | 150 | 1987–1990 | May 15, 2023 | |
| Morrison–Knudsen | C2 | 2501–2580 | 80 | 1994–1996 | August 2021 |
The initial BART system included car storage and maintenance yards in Concord, Hayward, and Richmond, with an additional maintenance only (no car storage) yard in Oakland. The Daly City car storage and maintenance yard opened in December 1988.[33] The Oakland Airport Connector uses theDoolittle Maintenance and Storage Facility. eBART vehicles use a facility in Antioch.
BART hasdistance-based fares, which requires riders to use fare gates to both enter and exit, with a flat fare of $2.15 for trips under 6 miles (9.7 km). A surcharge is added for trips traveling through theTransbay Tube ($1.40), to/fromOakland International Airport ($6.70) orSan Francisco International Airport ($4.95), and to/fromSan Mateo County ($1.45, except $1.25 for Daly City).[90][91]: 2–9 The maximum fare, including both airport surcharges and the Transbay surcharge, is $17.60; the maximum without surcharges (Antioch–Berryessa) is $10.30.[90] As of June 2022[update], the average fare paid is $3.93.[92]
Because of the varied fares, it is possible to enter the system with enough stored value for a shorter trip, but not a longer trip. Passengers without sufficient fare to complete their journey must use an add-fare machine to add valuein order to exit the station.[93] As of June 2022[update], entering and exiting at the same station incurs an "excursion fare" of $6.40 – significantly higher than many station-to-station fares.[93][94] This was originally introduced to allow people to tour the then-futuristic system; it was kept to discourage undesired behaviors such astech bus riders using BART parking lots. The excursion fare has been criticized for negatively impacting riders who leave stations during service disruptions (although station agents can allow riders to exit without fare payment). As of December 2022, BART is working to implement a 30-minute "grace period" before the fare is charged.[95]
Unlike many other rapid transit systems, BART does not have weekly or monthly passes with unlimited rides.[96] The only discount provided to the general public is a 6.25% reduction when "high value tickets" (only available on Clipper cards with autoload) are purchased with fare values of $48 and $64. 50% discount is available to youth aged 5–18 (children age 4 and under ride free), and a 62.5% discount is provided to seniors and the disabled. The Clipper START program for low-income adults provides a 50% discount.[96] The San FranciscoMuni and BART offer a combined monthly "A" Fast Pass, which allows unlimited rides on Muni services plus BART service within San Francisco.[96]
In August 2022, BART launched Clipper BayPass, a two-year pilot program to examine the viability of a transit pass that is compatible with all thepublic transit agencies in the Bay Area. The program was initially made available to around 50,000 college students and affordable housing residents.[97][98]
The primary fare media for BART is theClipper card, which is used by most Bay Area transit agencies. Clipper is acontactless smart card; passengers tap in and out at card readers on fare gates. Clipper cards inApple Pay andGoogle Walletelectronic wallets can also be used.
BART's original fare system used tickets made of a paper-plastic composite with amagnetic stripe.[99] The tickets were sold by fare vending machines. When exiting, fare gates read the magnetically stored value on the card, encoded the new value with the fare subtracted, and printed the new value on the card. Tickets with no remaining value were retained by the machine rather than being returned.[100] The entire fare system was designed and built byIBM under a $7 million contract (equivalent to $39 million in 2023).[101] It was the third system in the US to use encoded-value magnetic stripe tickets, following theIllinois Central Gulf commuter line (now the Metra Electric District) in 1964 and thePATCO Speedline in 1968.[102]
Although tickets could be refilled at fare machines, riders often discarded tickets with small values remaining. BART formerly relied on unused ticket values on such discarded cards for additional revenue – as much as $9.9 million annually in 1999 (equivalent to $17 million in 2023).[103] Tickets stopped being sold in December 2020 in favor of Clipper cards, and can no longer be used.[70] A 50-cent surcharge per trip (25 cents for discounted fares) is applied to all journeys made on paper tickets.[104] However, due to supply chain shortages resulting in a lack of plastic Clipper cards, BART started issuing tickets again at the SFO station in October 2022.[105] Sales of paper tickets again ended on September 30, 2023, and they were no longer usable after November 30.[70][106]
BART first piloted asmart card for fare payment called EZ Rider in 2006; this program was abandoned in 2010 in favor of a regional farecard.[107][108] In 2009, BART became one of the first five transit agencies to accept TransLink (later renamed Clipper) cards for fare payment[109] and began phasing out tickets. By December 2020, all BART ticket machines, except for add-fare machines inside of paid areas, were converted to Clipper use only. Tickets were no longer accepted starting in December 2023.
For most of its history, BART's ridership has reflected the U.S. economy, growing modestly during periods of economic expansion and dropping slightly during recessions.[110] A major exception occurred in 1989 in the aftermath of theLoma Prieta earthquake, which severely damaged theSan Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, causing its closure for a month. BART became the only direct route between the East Bay and San Francisco, resulting in a nearly 17% ridership jump for the 1990 fiscal year.[110] Ridership would not drop back to previous levels after the repair of the bridge until theCOVID-19 pandemic began to affect the Bay Area in March 2020.
Between 2010 and 2015, BART ridership grew rapidly, mirroring strong economic growth in the Bay Area. In 2015, the system was carrying approximately 100,000 more passengers each day than it had five years earlier.[111] High gasoline prices also contributed to growth, pushing ridership to record levels during 2012, with the system recording five record ridership days in September and October 2012.[112]
After six straight years of expansion, ridership growth began to slow in late 2016, dropping by 1.7% in October 2016 from the prior year.[113] Although the fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, showed an average weekday ridership of 423,395, the second-highest in BART's history, this was a 2.3% drop from FY 2016.[110] Ridership continued to decline by approximately 3% per year between 2016 and 2019, mirroring a nationwide decline in mass transit ridership in the second half of the decade.[114]The Washington Post and LA Streetsblog attributed the national decline in ridership to changes in commute patterns, the fall in gasoline prices since 2014, and competition from the private sector in the form ofride-hailing services such as Uber and Lyft.[115][116] Ride-hailing has especially affected ridership on the lines to the San Francisco International Airport and the Oakland International Airport. At SFO, ride-hailing services grew by a factor of almost six or nearly 500% at the airport between 2014 and 2016.[117] BART planners believe that competition from Uber and Lyft is reducing overall ridership growth and BART's share of airport transit.[118][119]
Stations in the urban cores of San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley have the highest ridership, while suburban stations record lower rider numbers. During fiscal year 2017, the busiest station wasEmbarcadero with 48,526 average weekday exits, followed byMontgomery Street with 45,386. The busiest station outside of San Francisco was12th Street Oakland City Center with 13,965 riders, followed by19th Street Oakland with 13,456. The least busy station wasOakland International Airport with 1,517 riders, while the least busy standard BART station wasNorth Concord / Martinez with 2,702 weekday exits.[120]
BART's one-day ridership record was set on Halloween of 2012 with 568,061 passengers attending the San Francisco Giants' victory parade for theirWorld Series championship.[121] This surpassed the record set two years earlier of 522,198 riders in 2010 for the Giants'2010 World Series victory parade.[122] Before that, the record was 442,100 riders in October 2009, following anemergency closure of the Bay Bridge.[123] During a planned closure of the Bay Bridge, there were 475,015 daily riders on August 30, 2013, making that the third highest ridership.[124] On June 19, 2015, BART recorded 548,078 riders for the Golden State Warriorschampionship parade, placing second on the all-time ridership list.[125]
BART set a Saturday record of 419,162 riders on February 6, 2016, coinciding withSuper Bowl 50 events and aGolden State Warriors game.[126][127] That easily surpassed the previous Saturday record of 319,484 riders, which occurred in October 2012, coinciding with several sporting events andFleet Week.[128] BART set a Sunday ridership record of 292,957 riders in June 2013, in connection with theSan Francisco Gay Pride Parade,[129] surpassing Sunday records set the previous two years when the Pride Parade was held.[129]
Ridership dropped sharply during theCOVID-19 pandemic andassociated lockdowns beginning in March 2020, during which BART was forced to drastically cut service.[130] Ridership in the weeks immediately following the start of the Bay Area's lockdown (on March 17, 2020) fell by as much as 93%.[130] If ridership does not recover and additional revenue is not obtained, in the worst case the agency projected it would only be able to sustain trains on three lines running once an hour from 5am to 9pm weekdays, and would have to close nine stations.[131] As of May 2024[update], weekday ridership is at 41% of pre-pandemic levels, Saturday ridership is at 63%, and Sunday ridership is at 75%.[130]
In a 2022 survey, 31% of riders report household income below $50,000 (up from 26% in 2018), and 44% did not own a vehicle (up from 31% in 2018). Compared to the region, BART riders are more likely to be Black or Latino, and less likely to be White or Asian.[132]
The entirety of the system runs in exclusive, grade-separated right-of-way. BART'srapid transit revenue routes cover about 131 miles (211 km) with 50 stations. On the main lines, approximately 28 miles (45 km) of lines run through underground sections with 32 miles (51 km) on elevated tracks.[5]
The main system uses an unusual5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge[5][133] (mostly seen in India and Pakistan) and mostlyballastless track. Originally using flat-edge rail andwheelsets with cylindrical treads, in 2016 BART started switching to conical treads[134] to reduce the noise caused by flange/rail contact and loss of adhesion of one of the wheels on curves.[135]1,000 volts DC is delivered to the trains over athird rail.[8] Anautomated guideway transit line and an additional station were opened in 2014, usingoff-the-shelfcable car technology developed byDCC Doppelmayr Cable Car: theCable Liner. The section of the Antioch-SFO/Millbrae line east of the Pittsburg/Bay Point station, known asEBART, runs on conventional unelectrified4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge rail.
Schedules call for trains to operate at up to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h), but certain segments (in particular, the Transbay Tube) are designed for 80 mph (130 km/h) operation when making up delays.[5][136][9]
As of September 2023[update], rapid transit trains are typically six cars long, except on the Yellow Line, which uses eight-car trains.[6] The minimum train length is four cars, and the maximum length is ten cars. A ten-car train is 710 feet (220 m), the longest of any metro system in the United States, and extending slightly beyond the 700-foot-long (210 m) platforms.[137] Cars are 10.5 feet (3.2 m) wide, the maximum gradient is four percent, and theminimum curve radius is 394 feet (120 m).[138] The combination of uniqueloading gauges and unusual rail technologies has complicated maintenance and increased cost of the system, as rolling stock requires custom wheelsets, brake systems, and power systems.[133][139]
Many of the original 1970s-era stations, especially the aerial stations, feature simpleBrutalist architecture, but newer stations are a mix ofNeomodern andPostmodern architecture. The additional double-tracked four-mile-long (6.4 km) upper deck of theMarket Street subway and its four underground stations were built by BART forMuni Metro.
The routes run on track segments ("lines"), which are internally but not commonly known by letters.[5][140][141]
| Line | Endpoints | Opened | Right of way |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heavy rail | |||
| A-Line | Oakland Wye –Fremont | September 11, 1972 | FormerWestern Pacific Railroad right-of-way (UPOakland Subdivision), tunnel near the Oakland Wye |
| C-Line | Rockridge –Pittsburg/Bay Point | May 21, 1973 (toConcord) December 16, 1995 (toNorth Concord/Martinez) December 7, 1996 (to Pittsburg/Bay Point) | SR 24 median,Berkeley Hills Tunnel, formerSacramento Northern Railway right-of-way,SR 4 median |
| K-Line | Oakland Wye – Rockridge | September 11, 1972 (toMacArthur) May 21, 1973 (to Rockridge) | Tunnel under Broadway, SR 24 median |
| L-Line | Bay Fair –Dublin/Pleasanton | May 10, 1997 | Median ofI-238, median ofI-580 |
| M-Line | Oakland Wye – Daly City Yard (north ofColma) | November 5, 1973 (Daly City –Montgomery Street) September 16, 1974 (Montgomery Street – Oakland Wye) December 9, 1988 (to Daly City Yard) | Elevated above 5th and 7th streets,Transbay Tube,tunnel under Market Street and Mission Street, formerSouthern Pacific Railroad right-of-way (Ocean View Branch) |
| R-Line | MacArthur –Richmond | January 29, 1973 | Elevated above Martin Luther King Jr. Way, tunnel under Adeline St and Shattuck Ave, formerSanta Fe right-of-way |
| S-Line | Fremont –Berryessa/North San José | March 25, 2017 (toWarm Springs/South Fremont) June 13, 2020 (to Berryessa/North San José)[10] | Tunnel underFremont Central Park, former Western Pacific Railroad right-of-way (San Jose Branch) |
| W-Line | Daly City Yard –Millbrae | February 24, 1996 (to Colma) June 22, 2003 (to Millbrae) | Former Southern Pacific Railroad right-of-way (Ocean View Branch), sharedCaltrain right-of-way |
| Y-Line | W-Line –San Francisco International Airport | June 22, 2003 | Elevated wye intoSan Francisco International Airport |
| Light rail | |||
| E-Line | Pittsburg/Bay Point –Antioch | May 26, 2018 | SR 4 median |
| Automated guideway transit (AGT) | |||
| H-Line | Coliseum –Oakland International Airport | November 22, 2014 | Mostly elevated above Hegenberger Road, depressed section below Doolittle Drive |
BART was one of the first U.S. rail transit systems of any size to be substantially automated. Routing and dispatching of trains, and adjustments for schedule recovery are controlled by a combination of computer and human supervision at BART's Operations Control Center (OCC) and headquarters at theKaiser Center in Downtown Oakland. Station-to-station train movement, including speed control and maintenance of separation between successive trains, is entirely automatic under normal operation, the operator's routine responsibilities being issuing announcements, closing the doors after station stops, and monitoring the track ahead for hazards. In unusual circumstances the operator controls the train manually at reduced speed.[142]
Many BART stations offer parking; however, underpricing causes station parking lots to overflow in the morning.[143] Pervasive congestion and underpricing forces some to drive to distant stations in search of parking.[144] BART operates Parking Lots at 36 stations and offers parking passes for designated spots at many stations.[145]
BART hostscar sharing locations at many stations, a program introduced byCity CarShare. Riders can transfer from BART and complete their journeys by car. BART offers long-term airport parking through a third-party vendor[146] at most East Bay stations. Travelers must make an online reservation in advance and pay the daily fee of $5 before they can leave their cars at the BART parking lot.
Parking at stations in Santa Clara County (Milpitas and Berryessa/North San José) is managed bySanta Clara Valley Transportation Authority rather than BART.
All BART trains have dedicated spaces for wheelchair users and every station has accessible elevators.[147] Estimated train arrival times and service announcements are both displayed on platform-level screens and announced audibly over thepublic address system. Station platforms are equipped withtactile paving to aid those with visual impairments, andBraille/tactile signs are present throughout stations.[148]
At some stations, the elevator to the platform (which is inside thepaid area) is accessed from an unpaid area of the station. To enter the BART system at one of these stations, passengers using the elevator must first pass through a faregate into the paid area and then exit back through the swing gate adjacent to the station agent booth before taking the elevator to the platform. To exit the system from one of these stations, passengers must do the reverse: take the elevator from the platform to the concourse level, enter the paid area through the swing gate, and then process their ticket at a faregate to exit the paid area once again. Station agents may be able to assist upon request.[147] The configuration of these stations enablesfare evasion and causes confusion for passengers.[149][150]
As of 2020, eighteen stations[b] had a platform elevator outside of the paid area.[151] Of these, three stations[c] had ticket processing machines near the elevators that allowed elevator users to avoid having to enter, then exit, then re-enter the paid area; however, these did nothing to deter fare evasion.[147] BART has begun to correct this issue at stations either by expanding the paid area on the concourse level or by installing a single accessible faregate in front of the elevator doors.[149][151] By December 2021, the number of stations with elevators outside the paid area had been reduced to eight.[d][152] Five of these stations[e] had elevator faregates installed by January 2023, while the paid area on the concourse level at19th Street Oakland was expanded to include a new elevator as part of a larger renovation.[152][153][154] As of March 2023, onlyOrinda andPowell Street stations have a platform elevator outside the paid area.[150] New elevator faregates are expected to be installed at these two remaining stations by April 2023.[150]
In 2004, BART became the first transit system in the United States to offercellular telephone communication to passengers of all major wireless carriers on its trains underground.[155] Service was made available for customers ofVerizon Wireless,Sprint/Nextel,AT&T Mobility, andT-Mobile in and between the four San Francisco Market Street stations fromCivic Center toEmbarcadero. In 2009, service was expanded to include the Transbay Tube, thus providing continuous cellular coverage betweenWest Oakland andBalboa Park.[156] In 2010, service was expanded to all underground stations in Oakland (19th Street, 12th Street/Oakland City Center, and Lake Merritt).[157]
In 2007, BART ran abeta test ofWi-Fi Internet access for travelers. It initially included the four San Francisco downtown stations: Embarcadero, Montgomery, Powell, and Civic Center. It included above ground testing to trains at BART's Hayward Test Track. The testing and deployment were extended into the underground interconnecting tubes between the four downtown stations and further. The successful demonstration provided for a ten-year contract with WiFi Rail, Inc. for the services throughout the BART right of way.[158] In 2008, the Wi-Fi service was expanded to include theTransbay Tube.[159] BART terminated the relationship with Wi-Fi Rail in December 2014, citing that WiFi Rail had not submitted an adequate financial or technical plan for completing the network throughout the BART system.[160]
In 2011, during theCharles Hill killing and aftermath BART disabled cell phone service to hamper demonstrators.[161] The ensuing controversy drew widespread coverage[162] that raised legal questions about free speech rights of protesters and the federal telecommunications laws that relate to passengers.[163] In response, BART released an official policy on cutting off cell phone service.[164]
| 2012 statistics | |
|---|---|
| Number of vehicles | 670 |
| Initial system cost | $1.6 billion |
| Equivalent cost in 2004 dollars (replacement cost) | $15 billion |
| Hourly passenger capacity | 15,000 |
| Maximum daily capacity | 360,000 |
| Average weekday ridership | 365,510 |
| Annual operating revenue | $379.10 million |
| Annual expenses | $619.10 million |
| Annual profits (losses) | ($240.00 million) |
| Rail cost/passenger mile (excluding capital costs) | $0.332 |
The San FranciscoBay Area Rapid Transit District is a special district consisting ofAlameda County,Contra Costa County, and theCity and County of San Francisco.San Mateo County, which hosts six BART stations, andSanta Clara County, which hosts two, are not part of the BART District. A nine-member elected Board of Directors represents nine districts. BART has its ownpolice force.[165]
While the district includes all of the cities and communities in its jurisdiction, some of these cities do not have stations on the BART system. This has caused tensions among property owners in cities likeLivermore who pay BART taxes but must travel outside the city to receive BART service.[166] In areas like Fremont, the majority of commuters do not commute in the direction that BART would take them (many Fremonters commute to San Jose).[citation needed] This would be remedied with the completion of theSilicon Valley BART extension. Phase I of the extension opened on June 13, 2020, giving San Jose its first BART station,Berryessa/North San José station.
| District | Stations Included | Counties Included | Board Member |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Concord, Lafayette, Pleasant Hill/Contra Costa Centre, Walnut Creek | Contra Costa | Debora Allen |
| 2 | Antioch, Concord (partial), North Concord/Martinez, Pittsburg/Bay Point, Pittsburg Center | Contra Costa | Mark Foley |
| 3 | Bay Fair, Downtown Berkeley, El Cerrito del Norte (partial), El Cerrito Plaza (partial), North Berkeley, Orinda, Rockridge, San Leandro | Alameda/Contra Costa | Rebecca Saltzman |
| 4 | Bay Fair, Coliseum, Fruitvale, Hayward (partial), Oakland International Airport, San Leandro, and South Hayward (partial) | Alameda | Robert Raburn |
| 5 | Castro Valley, Dublin/Pleasanton, Hayward, West Dublin/Pleasanton | Alameda | John McPartland |
| 6 | Fremont, South Hayward (partial), Union City, Warm Springs/South Fremont | Alameda | Liz Ames |
| 7 | Ashby, El Cerrito del Norte (partial), El Cerrito Plaza (partial), MacArthur (partial), Montgomery (partial), Richmond, West Oakland, Embarcadero (partial) | Alameda/Contra Costa/San Francisco | Lateefah Simon |
| 8 | Balboa Park, Embarcadero (partial), Glen Park (partial), Montgomery (partial), Powell Street (partial) | San Francisco | Janice Li |
| 9 | 16th Street Mission, 24th Street Mission, Glen Park, Civic Center, Powell Street, Balboa Park (partial) | San Francisco | Bevan Dufty |
In 2005, BART required nearly $300 million in funds after fares. About 37% of the costs went to maintenance, 29% to actual transportation operations, 24% to general administration, 8% to police services, and 4% to construction and engineering. In 2005, 53% of the budget was derived from fares, 32% from taxes, and 15% from other sources, including advertising, station retail space leasing, and parking fees.[167] BART reported afarebox recovery ratio of 75.67% in February 2016,[168] up from 2012's 68.2%.[169] BART train operators and station agents have a maximum salary of $62,000 per year with an average of $17,000 in overtime pay.[170] (BART management claimed that in 2013, union train operators and station agents averaged about $71,000 in base salary and $11,000 in overtime, and pay a $92 monthly fee from that for health insurance.)[171]
On January 1, 2009, aBART Police officer, Johannes Mehserle, fatally shot Oscar Grant III.[172][173] Eyewitnesses gathereddirect evidence of the shooting with video cameras, which were later submitted to and disseminated by media outlets and watched hundreds of thousands of times[174] in the days following the shooting. Both peaceful and violent demonstrations occurred protesting the shooting.[175]
BART held multiple public meetings to ease tensions led byBART Director Carole Ward Allen[176] who called on the BART Board to hire two independent auditors to investigate the shooting, and to provide recommendations to the board regardingBART Police misconduct.[177] Director Ward Allen established BART's first Police Department Review Committee and worked withAssemblyman Sandre Swanson to pass AB 1586 in theCalifornia State Legislature, which enforced civilian oversight of the BART Police Department.[178] BART Director Lynette Sweet said that "BART has not handled this [situation] correctly,"[179] and called for the BART police chief and general manager to step down, but only one other BART Director, Tom Radulovich, supported such action.[180]
Mehserle was arrested and charged with murder, to which he pleaded not guilty. Oaklandcivil rights attorneyJohn Burris filed a US$25 millionwrongful death claim against the district on behalf of Grant's daughter and girlfriend.[181] Mehserle's trial was subsequently moved to Los Angeles following concerns that he would be unable to get a fair trial in Alameda County. On July 8, 2010, Mehserle was found guilty on a lesser charge ofinvoluntary manslaughter.[182] He was released on parole on June 13, 2011.[183]
On July 3, 2011, an officer of the BART Police shot and killed Charles Hill at Civic Center Station in San Francisco. Hill had thrown a bottle at the officers and was in the process of throwing a knife at them from a distance of about 15 feet when the first shot was fired.[184]
On August 12, 2011, BART shut down cellphone services on the network for three hours in an effort to hamper possible protests against the shooting[185][186] and to keep communications away from protesters at the Civic Center station in San Francisco.[187] The shutdown caught the attention of state senatorLeland Yee and international media, as well as drawing comparisons to the internet shutdowns during theEgyptian revolution earlier that year.[188] Antonette Bryant, the union president for BART, stated that "BART have lost our confidence and are putting rider and employee safety at risk."[189]
Members ofAnonymous broke into BART's website and posted names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail information on the Anonymous website.[190][191]
On August 15, 2011, there was more disruption in service at BART stations in downtown San Francisco.[192][193][194]The San Francisco Examiner reported that the protests were a result of the shootings, including that of Oscar Grant.[195][196]
On August 29, 2011, a coalition of nine public interest groups led byPublic Knowledge filed an Emergency Petition asking the U.S.Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to declare "that the actions taken by the Bay Area Rapid Transit District ("BART") on August 11, 2011, violated the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, when it deliberately interfered with access to Commercial Mobile Radio Service ("CMRS") by the public" and "that local law enforcement has no authority to suspend or deny CMRS, or to order CMRS providers to suspend or deny service, absent a properly obtained order from the Commission, a state commission of appropriate jurisdiction, or a court of law with appropriate jurisdiction".[197][198]
In December 2011 BART adopted a new "Cell Service Interruption Policy" that only allows shutdowns of cell phone services within BART facilities "in the most extraordinary circumstances that threaten the safety of District passengers, employees and other members of public, the destruction of District property, or the substantial disruption of public transit service".[199] According to a spokesperson for BART, under the new policy the wireless phone system would not be turned off under circumstances similar to those in August 2011. Instead police officers would arrest individuals who break the law.[200]
In February 2012, the San Francisco District Attorney concluded that the BART Police Officer that shot and killed Charles Hill at the Civic Center BART station the previous July "acted lawfully in self defense" and would not face charges for the incident.[201]
In March 2012, the FCC requested public comment on the question of whether or when the police and other government officials can intentionally interrupt cellphone and Internet service to protectpublic safety.[200]
A federal lawsuit filed against BART by Charles Hill's brother was dismissed in 2013.[184] The federal judge concluded that "a reasonable officer in that situation could believe that he was in danger of being hit by a knife after having had a bottle thrown at him."[184] The lawyers of Hill's family did not dispute that he had thrown a knife at the officer, but argued that both officers should have done more to deescalate the situation.[184]
In January 1979, an electrical fire occurred on a train as it was passing through theTransbay Tube. One firefighter (Lt. William Elliott, 50, of the Oakland Fire Department) was killed in the effort to extinguish the blaze. Since then, safety regulations have been updated.[202]
On October 14, 2008, track inspector James Strickland was struck and killed by a train as he was walking along a section of track between the Concord and Pleasant Hill BART stations. Strickland's death started an investigation into BART's safety alert procedures.[203] At the time of the accident, BART hadassigned trains headed in opposite directions to a shared track for routine maintenance. BART came under further fire in February 2009 for allegedly delaying payment of death benefits to Strickland's family.[204]
On the afternoon of October 19, 2013, a BART employee and a contractor, who were inspecting tracks, were struck and killed near Walnut Creek by a train being moved for routine maintenance. A labor strike by BART's two major unions was underway at the time, which caused BART to use an undertrained operator. Instead of the usual 14 weeks of the training, the operator only received four. The BART trainer was not in the cab with the operator at the time of impact but was instead in the passenger compartment. TheNational Transportation Safety Board concluded that the accident occurred because BART facilitated access to the railway line.[205] BART was fined $600,000 for the incident.[206]
In mid-2017, BART came under criticism for refusing to publicly release video evidence of crimes committed at Oakland stations. That year, in at least three incidents, groups of young people had boarded stopped trains and attacked and robbed train riders.[207]In response to the criticism, a BART manager argued that "to release these videos would create a high level of racially insensitive commentary toward the district [...] and in addition it would create a racial bias in the riders against minorities on the trains." According to an internal memo, the agency decided to not issue a press release about one of the cases (where a woman had her phone stolen by one of a group of teenagers) in order to avoid having BART look "crime ridden" and because it would "unfairly affect and characterize riders of color, leading to sweeping generalizations in media reports."[207] A spokesman also stated that state laws about "juvenile police records" prohibited BART from releasing surveillance video.[207]
In 2018, BART released surveillance video from one of the 2017 incidents, showing (as summarized byKRON4) "the moments leading up to a mob-style attack on a BART train [... with] about 40 teens jumping the fare gates and pushing through the emergency gates at the station as an overwhelmed station agent calls for help."[208] BART stated that two juveniles and an 18-year-old had been arrested for the incident, with the 18-year-old ending up serving one year in jail.[208] In September 2017, six victims of the robberies/assaults filed suit against BART for gross negligence, claiming BART did not provide adequate security for its riders.[209] In January 2020, two passengers affected by the same incident lost their lawsuits, one of them on the grounds that she had been attacked on the platform rather than on the train, outside of BART'scommon carrier duties.[210][211]
On July 22, 2018,a man fatally stabbed 18-year-old Nia Wilson with a knife as she exited a train car at theMacArthur station.[212] This was the third homicide at a BART station within five days.[213] In June 2019, the Alameda County Civil Grand Jury released a report documenting a 128% increase in thefts on BART between 2014 and 2018, and an 83% increase in aggravated assault during the same time period.[214]
BART has historically suffered from fare evasion.[215] Prior police crackdowns have occurred, but have not curbed the issue.[216] An estimated 448 calls per month are made to BART police regarding fare evaders, and riders have observed that, at times, there are more fare evaders than paying customers.[217] In April 2023, BART announced plans to install new gates resistant to fare evasion. The project, which was projected to cost $90 million, began with a pilot program at West Oakland station.[218][219][220][221]
Certain sections of the BART system are designed for 80 mph operations, however the maximum operating speed BART currently uses today is 70 mph. It is unlikely that 80 mph operating speeds will be used again due to the increase in motor wear and propulsion failures at the higher rate. There are also higher impacts on track maintenance. In addition, the 80 mph segments tend to be short, and the higher speed benefits are limited as train speeds become inconsistent.
A contractor employed directly by BART, using the marketing name of BART Express, formerly operated express service to BART from the WCCTA service area. In July 1998, WCCTA assumed operation of this service and has continually restructured service to enhance performance. The express J (JL/JR), JX, and JPX routes have taken over this role.
In 1997, Tri Delta Transit assumed responsibility for BART Express bus service between Pittsburg/Bay Point BART and Brentwood via the Highway 4 corridor.
When BART reaches its full level of service, headways will be reduced to 2 minutes in San Francisco and 6 minutes elsewhere during peak periods...
Investigations of BART were undertaken by the California Senate, the California Legislative Analyst, the California Public Utilities Commission, and the National Transportation Safety Board. The cause of the accident was traced to a faulty crystal oscillator…
Wattenburg challenged the credentials of three successive chief engineers at BART. All of them left or were fired.
David Hammond, BARTD's assistant general manager submitted his resignation…
After the state legislature held a month-long series of hearings on the financial mismanagement at Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), Alan Post recommended the firing of BART's general manager.
BART officials had to ask the Legislature for more money... but the price was high. Nearly all of the Bay Area's legislators said they would oppose giving BART money unless Mr. Stokes resigned. He quit May 24, 1974...
November 5, 1974, Nine-member Board of Directors elected to replace 12-member appointed board.
Officials now expect the project to be completed in 2036 and cost $12.2 billion…
BART explains it has total of 662 trains, but about 535 are in service during peak commute times, about 86.5 percent of its fleet. BART said it runs more of its fleet than any other major transit agency despite having the oldest trains in the nation.
BART officials told the agency's Board of Directors...that increased Uber and Lyft ridership led to less passengers taking BART in 2016…BART's overall ridership rate of growth "rapidly slowed," according to a staff presentation. In October, overall ridership was down to 438,000 trips for the average weekday, 1.7 percent less than the same time the year prior.
falling bus ridership in the Washington region mirrors a national trend that experts say is due to a variety of factors, including changing job markets, falling gas prices and the growing popularity of other transportation options such as biking and app-based services such as Uber and Lyft.
BART's train line to the San Francisco International Airport is losing riders and losing money. And that culprit is competition from the private sector, BART staff said. Uber and Lyft in particular have seen their ridership at SFO rise by almost six times over from 2014 to 2016, according to data provided by SFO to the San Francisco Examiner...BART's SFO ridership was discussed during a presentation at the Board of Directors meeting.
Uber and Lyft in particular have seen their ridership at SFO rise by almost six times over from 2014 to 2016, according to data provided by SFO to the San Francisco Examiner. BART officials told the agency's Board of Directors at its regular meeting Thursday that increased Uber and Lyft ridership led to less passengers taking BART in 2016. "We believe Uber and Lyft are impacting our ridership," Carter Mau, executive manager of BART's office of planning and budget, told the San Francisco Examiner outside the meeting.
BART doesn't typically run trains at their maximum speed of 80 mph except to help a train make up time.
parking after 10 a.m. at any BART station is difficult. Here are the southern Alameda County stations where you might get lucky and find parking in this order: South Hayward, Hayward, Union City, West Dublin/Pleasanton and Castro Valley.... BART is testing the feasibility of posting real-time information that would let a driver check whether spots are available at a particular station. Right now, the best it can do is to provide estimates on its website for when parking lots will be full.
this unilateral action raised significant legal questions as to whether this was authorized under federal telecommunications law relating to the right of the passengers to access the telephone network and the legality of a shutdown by a quasi-governmental authority such as BART. Additionally, BART's actions raised issues concerning the First Amendment rights of the passengers and protesters to freedom of speech and assembly.
Media related toBART at Wikimedia Commons
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