| Battle of Ostrovno | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theFrench invasion of Russia | |||||||
 Battle of Ostrovno byAlbrecht Adam | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Russian Empire |  Kingdom of Naples French Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| A. Ostermann-Tolstoy | Joachim MuratÉtienne de Nansouty | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
2 infantry divisions | 1 infantry division | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 2,500[1] | 3,000[1] | ||||||
TheBattle of Ostrovno (French:Combat d'Ostrowno) was amilitary engagement that took place on 25 July 1812, betweenFrench forces under the command ofKing of NaplesJoachim Murat andRussian forces under GeneralOstermann-Tolstoy and ended with the Russian forces retreating from the battlefield.[2]
With the beginning of theRussian campaign in late June 1812,EmperorNapoleon I launched a series of envelopment maneuvers with hisGrande Armée. With the Russian Imperial armies before him, Napoleon's first such maneuver atVilna, failed without any engagement taking place. Napoleon then launched a second such attempt aimed towardVitebsk in a bid to turn the main Russian army underBarclay de Tolly. With French forces moving through different routes in the direction of Vitebsk, a first major engagement took place on 25 July nearOstrowno, 30 kilometers west of Vitebsk, when GeneralEtienne de Nansouty's 1st Cavalry Reserve Corps encountered the forces of Russian GeneralAlexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy.[2]
Early on the morning of 25 July, General Nansouty set two of his divisions in motion, from the village of Boudilova and towards Ostrovno, in accordance with the orders he had received from the Emperor. Meanwhile, Murat, commanding the French forces in this sector, departed from the village ofBeshankovichy with two battalions of the 8th Light infantry regiment, and headed towards Nansouty's position. Following Murat was the entire IV Army Corps ofViceroy Eugène de Beauharnais, spearheaded by the division of GeneralDelzons, which was followed at some distance by that of GeneralBroussier.[3]
With Murat not yet on the field of battle, Nansouty's men encountered the vanguard of the Russian IV Corps, namely the 11th division under General Choglokov, the 23rd division of General Bakhmetiev, some cavalry and an artillery support of 66 pieces. Nansouty had under his command thelight cavalry division ofBruyères (brigadesJacquinot,Piré and Nienwiewski) and theheavy cavalry division ofSaint-Germain. In a bid to pin down the enemy and despite the disproportion in forces, Nansouty sent forward Piré's brigade[3] (16thChasseurs à cheval and 9thChevau-légers lanciers) in a successful charge that dislodged the Russian vanguard and took 150prisoners of war and 8 artillery pieces.[3]
Murat then arrived on the battlefield with reinforcements, deploying his two battalions oflight infantry, and assuming personal command of Saint-Germain'scuirassier division. With the cuirassiers successfully countercharging and repulsing a RussianDragoon regiment that had come up to attack the right wing of the French forces, Murat realised that he was in a dangerous position and sent word to General Delzons to hasten his march towards the field of battle. Several attacks ensued, with the French committing Jacquinot's cavalry brigade and the infantry, but with the Russians holding ground. Realising his numeric superiority, the Russian commander, General Ostermann-Tolstoy, launched an attack against both French wings, in an attempt to catch them indouble envelopment. However, with the arrival of a fresh French division, Delzon's 13th division, the Russian commander decided to call off his attack and pull back. Murat opted against a pursuit, given his inferior forces and knowing that Broussier's division was too far off behind Delzons to be counted on.[3]
The Russians opted to withdraw from the field of battle. Despite Murat's bombastic report, claiming that the enemy lost 4,000-5,000 men dead or wounded and 700 to 800 prisoners, the Russian IV Corps probably lost 2,500 men, dead and wounded.[1] French total losses are estimated at 3,000;[1] the 2nd cuirassiers regiment registered high losses (187 horses lost), after enduring six hours of artillery fire. Additionally, during this engagement, which Napoleon labeled as "a vanguard action", French General Roussel was killed by a French sentry, who took him for a Russian soldier.[3]
Leo Tolstoy uses the battle in hisWar and Peace.[4]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Media related toBattle of Ostrovno at Wikimedia Commons| Preceded by Battle of Saltanovka | Napoleonic Wars Battle of Ostrovno | Succeeded by Battle of Vitebsk (1812) |