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| Battle of Chuvash Cape | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part ofRussian conquest of Siberia | |||||||
 The Conquest of Siberia byVasily Surikov | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Tsardom of Russia | Khanate of Sibir | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Yermak | Mametqul [ru] | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Cossacks | Siberianirregulars Khanty andMansi tribesmen Qashliqgarrison | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 740 | 3,400[citation needed] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 107 | 2,800[citation needed] | ||||||
TheBattle of Chuvash Cape (November 5 [O. S. October 26], 1582) led to the victory of aRussian expedition underYermak Timofeyevich and the fall ofKhanate of Sibir and the end ofKhanKuchum's power. The battle took place nearQashliq (Isker), inSiberia.
After Kuchum seized power in Sibir, he attacked the nearby lands ofPerm. MerchantStroganovs, who exploredUral deposits, requested theCossacks to punish theSiberian Tatars. They equipped 540 men with arms and ammunition; later, 200 men joined the expedition.
The fortifications of Qashliq before the battle were deteriorating. Because a siege would be fatal for the Tatars, they decided to fight at the river bank, and hide ambushing forces behind the numerous fallen trees in the area. Although Tatar cannons were brought into position, they did not fire during the battle.
The Cossacks approached the bank, firing at the Siberians; the Siberians answered with arrows. However, Russian fire did not inflict many casualties among the Tatars, who hid among the trees.
The Siberians underMametqul counter-attacked the Cossack expedition. The Cossacks positioned themselves in a square formation, and riflemen in the center opened fire. TheKhanty andMansi tribesmen who formed part of the Siberian ranks were mostly hunters; they had never participated in battles against soldiers equipped with firearms. Consequently, the tribesmen panicked and retreated. The rest of the Tatars proceeded with the offensive, but the Cossacks continued shooting, killing many Siberians. Mametqul was shot during the battle, and narrowly escaped capture; the Tatars evacuated him by boat.
After Mametqul was injured, the rest of the Siberian forces panicked and dispersed. Kuchum fledQashliq, but the Cossacks chose not to pursue him. Instead, they retreated to Atik-town for the night.
After the defeat, Kuchum and some of his subjugates escaped to theBarabasteppe; however, most locals refused to follow him. On October 26, the Cossacks entered Qashliq. The city was depopulated after the battle, although it was briefly repopulated from 1584 to 1586. After the battle, the Khanate of Sibir disintegrated, and most of its territory was annexed byRussia.
The conquest of Siberia is often compared with theSpanish conquest of the Americas. The conflict was provoked by individuals, as manyconquistadors were, not states. Another notable popular belief[citation needed] is that the Siberians, likeNative Americans, did not use fire-arms, leading to a Cossack victory. However, it is disputed.[citation needed]