| VVA-14 | |
|---|---|
 Survivor in dilapidated condition (wings removed) | |
| General information | |
| Type | Amphibious ASW aircraft |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Beriev |
| Designer | |
| Status | Retired |
| Number built | 2 prototypes |
| History | |
| First flight | 4 September 1972 |
| Retired | 1987 |
TheBartini Beriev VVA-14Vertikaľno-Vzletayushchaya Amfibiya (vertical take-offamphibious aircraft) was awing-in-ground-effect aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the early 1970s.[1] Designed to be able to take off from the water and fly at high speed over long distances, it was to make true flights at high altitude, but also have the capability of flying efficiently just above the sea surface, using aerodynamicground effect. The VVA-14 was designed byAustro-Hungarian-born designerRobert Bartini in answer to a perceived requirement to destroyUnited States NavyPolaris missile submarines. The final aircraft was retired in 1987.
Bartini, in collaboration with theBeriev Design Bureau intended to develop the prototype VVA-14 in three phases. TheVVA-14M1 was to be an aerodynamics andtechnology testbed, initially with rigid pontoons on the ends of the central wing section, and later with these replaced by inflatable pontoons. TheVVA-14M2 was to be more advanced, with two starting engines to blast into the cavity under the wing to give lift and later with a battery of lift engines to give VTOL capability, and withfly-by-wire flight controls. TheVVA-14M3 would see the VTOL vehicle fully equipped with armament and with the Burevestnik computerisedanti-submarine warfare (ASW) system, Bor-1magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) and other operational equipment.
After extensive research, including the development of the small prototypeBe-1 wing in ground effect aircraft, the first VVA-14 prototype was completed in 1972. Its first flight was from a conventional runway on 4 September 1972.[2]
Due to the project's secrecy, the aircraft was painted in a civilian registration & anAeroflot paint scheme to avoid being thought as a military aircraft.
In 1974, inflatable pontoons were installed, though their operation caused many problems. Flotation and water taxi tests followed, culminating in the start of flight testing of the amphibious aircraft on 11 June 1975.
The inflatable pontoons were later replaced by rigid pontoons, while the fuselage was lengthened and the starting engines added. This incarnation was given the designation14M1P. The bureau supplying the intended battery of 12 RD-36-35PR lift engines did not deliver, and this made VTOL testing impossible.[3]
After Bartini's death in 1974, the project slowed and eventually drew to a close,[2] the aircraft having conducted 107 flights, with a total flight time of 103 hours. The only remaining VVA-14, No. 1972, was retired and sent to the SovietCentral Air Force Museum in 1987. As a result of accidents during shipping, the aircraft was damaged, which was not repaired afterwards. The aircraft still resides at the museum in a dismantled state, where it still carries the Soviet registration numberCCCP-10687 and the Aeroflot markings still remain as of today.[4]
Data from[citation needed]
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