Ballard | |
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 Aerial view of Ballard andLake Washington Ship Canal from the south | |
 Map of Ballard's location in Seattle | |
| Coordinates:47°40′37″N122°23′06″W / 47.677°N 122.385°W /47.677; -122.385 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| City | Seattle |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (Pacific Daylight Time) |
Ballard is aneighborhood in northwesternSeattle,Washington, United States. Formerly an independent city, theCity of Seattle's official boundaries define it as bounded to the north byCrown Hill (N.W. 85th Street), to the east byGreenwood,Phinney Ridge andFremont (along 3rd Avenue N.W.), to the south by theLake Washington Ship Canal, and to the west byPuget Sound'sShilshole Bay.[1] Other neighborhood or district boundaries existed in the past; these are recognized by various Seattle City Departments, commercial or social organizations, and other Federal, State, and local government agencies.[2]
Landmarks of Ballard include theBallard Locks, theNational Nordic Museum, the Shilshole Bay Marina, andGolden Gardens Park. The neighborhood's main thoroughfares running north–south are Seaview, 32nd, 24th, Leary, 15th, and 8th Avenues N.W. East–west traffic is carried by N.W. Leary Way and N.W. 85th, 80th, 65th, and Market Streets. TheBallard Bridge carries 15th Avenue over Salmon Bay to theInterbay neighborhood, and theSalmon Bay Bridge carries theBNSF Railway tracks across the bay, west of the Ballard Locks.[1]
Ballard is located entirely withinSeattle City Council District 6, which also includes the neighborhoods of Crown Hill,Green Lake and Phinney Ridge, as well as most of Fremont, North Beach/Blue Ridge, andWallingford.[3] Ballard is part of theSeattle Public Schools and theWashington State Legislature's36th legislative district. At the federal level, Ballard is part of theUnited States House of Representatives's7th congressional district.
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The area now called Ballard was settled by the Dxʷdəwʔabš (Duwamish) Tribe after the last glacial period.[4] There were plentiful salmon and clams in the region.[5] The Shilshole area was home to a settlement that has since been excavated; its artifacts are in the collection of theBurke Museum in the University District.[6] According to oral traditions from before European contact, the group living around Shilshole may have been in decline due to a "great catastrophe".[citation needed] The remaining dozen or fewer families were evicted by non-Coast Salish settlers in the mid-19th century. One source suggests that the decline of the Shilshole dwelling Salish might have been due to raids from other groups from farther north (Queen Charlotte's Island) and that these raids also alarmed non-Native settlers.[7] The last member of the Shilshole native group, named HWelch’teed or "Salmon Bay Charlie", was forcibly removed to allow construction of the Hiram Chittenden Locks in 1915 or 1916.[8][9][10]
The first European resident in the area, homesteader Ira Wilcox Utter, moved to his claim in 1853.[5] Utter hoped to see a rapid expansion of population, but when this did not happen, he sold the land toThomas Burke, a judge.[11] Thirty-six years later, Judge Burke, together withJohn Leary and railroader Daniel H. Gilman, formed the West Coast Improvement Company to develop Burke's land holdings in the area. They anticipated the building of the Great Northern Railway along the Salmon Bay coastline on the way to Interbay and central Seattle. The partners also built a spur from Fremont's main line of theSeattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway. Today three miles (5 km) of this line, running along Salmon Bay from N.W. 40th Street to theBNSF Railway mainline at N.W. 67th, are operated as theBallard Terminal Railroad.[12]
During the late 19th century CaptainWilliam Rankin Ballard, owner of land adjoining Judge Burke's holdings, joined the partnership with Burke, Leary, and Gilman. Then, in 1887 the partnership was dissolved and the assets divided, but no one wanted the land in Salmon Bay so the partners flipped a coin. Capt. Ballard lost the coin-toss and ended up with the "undesirable" 160-acre (0.65 km2) tract.[13]
The railroad to Seattle ended at Salmon Bay because the railroad company was unwilling to build a trestle to cross the bay.[citation needed] From the stop at "Ballard Junction," (as the terminus was called) passengers could walk across the wagon bridge and continue the journey to Seattle. In addition to gaining notoriety as the end of the railway line, the fledgling town of Ballard benefited economically from the railway because the railroad provided a way to bring supplies into the area and also to export locally manufactured products. Ability to ship products spurred the growth of mills of many types. Ballard's first mill, built in 1888 by Mr. J Sinclair was alumber mill; the second mill, finished the same year was a shingle mill.[14] After theGreat Seattle Fire in 1889 the mills provided opportunities for those who had lost jobs in the fire, which in turn spurred the growth of the settlement as families moved north to work in the mills. Ballard experienced an influx ofScandinavian immigrants during this period, and Scandinavian culture and traditions would be influential on Ballard as it developed.[15]
With the rapid population growth, residents realized that there might soon be a need for laws to keep order, a process that would require a formal government. In the late summer of 1889, the community discussed incorporating as a town but eventually rejected the idea of incorporation. The issue pressed, however, and several months later, on November 4, 1889, the residents again voted on the question and this time they voted to incorporate. The first mayor of Ballard was Charles F. Treat.[16] A municipal census, conducted shortly after the passing vote showed that the new town of Ballard had more than 1500 residents, allowing it to be the first "third-class town" to be incorporated in the newly-admitted State of Washington.[17]
By 1900, Ballard's population had grown to 4,568, making it the seventh-largest city in Washington, and the town was faced with many of the problems common to small towns. Saloons had been a problem since the beginning, and in 1904, the drinking and gambling had become so bad that the mayor ordered the City of Ballard officially closed for the day to prevent gambling.[18] The city also faced problems with loose livestock and so the Cow Ordinance of 1903 made allowing cows to graze south of present-day 65th St. a punishable offense. The city faced more serious problems, however, with two of the most difficult being the lack of both a proper water supply and a sewer system. The one weakness of the location on Salmon Bay was the lack of nearby freshwater springs, which meant that water came from local ground water wells. Lack of a proper sewage system contaminated the ground water, compounding the problem.
The town continued to grow and reached 17,000 residents by 1907 to become the second-largest city in King County.[19] However Ballard, like many of the other small cities surrounding Seattle continued to be plagued by water problems.[20][21][18][22][23] The rapid population growth had overwhelmed the city's ability to provide services, particularly safe drinking water and sewers, and Ballard's city government had tried unsuccessfully to deal with the crises. That made the citizens begin to consider asking Seattle to annex the town.[24][25] In 1905, the question was voted on and the residents voted against annexation since they hoped for a solution, but the problems refused to go away.[26] In July 1906, the Supreme Court of Washington ruled that Seattle was not allowed to provide water service to surrounding communities.[27] Ballard had been dependent on a water sharing agreement with Seattle, but the Supreme Court decision left it with inadequate water and forced a second vote on the annexation question. By then, the residents realized the inability of local resources to cope with their situation and the majority of residents voted in favor of annexation. On May 29, 1907 at 3:45 a.m, the City of Ballard officially became part of Seattle.[28][29] On that day, Ballard citizens showed their mixed feelings about the handover by draping their city hall with black crepe and flying the flag at half mast.[28]
During the early 20th century, the Ballard area was home to the Ballard shipbuilding company, which produced ships for theUS Navy duringWorld War II as well as ships for civilian purposes. The area was also home to a significant number of fisheries and canneries. These marine industries formed the backbone of the Ballard economy for much of the 20th century.[30]
At the end of the 20th century Ballard began to experience a real-estate boom. By early 2007, nearly 20 major apartment/retail projects were under construction or had just been completed within a five-block radius of downtown Ballard. The new developments would add as many as 2500 new households to the neighborhood.[citation needed] This growth inurban density is the result of the neighborhood plan created by former Seattle MayorNorm Rice. Mayor Rice's plan aimed to reduce suburban sprawl by targeting certain Seattle areas, including Ballard, for high-density development.[citation needed]
Over the years, Ballard has added venues for live music, including bars, restaurants and coffee shops. Each month the Ballard Chamber of Commerce sponsors the Second Saturday Artwalk.[31]
Downtown Ballard is also home tothe Majestic Bay Theater, which was the oldest operating movie theater on theWest Coast prior to its closure in 1997.[32] In 1998, it was renovated and transformed from a bargain single-screen theater to a well-appointed triplex.[33] Downtown Ballard also boasts a variety of restaurants and local shops.[34] The Deep Sea Fishermen's Union, which represents commercial fishermen, is based in Ballard.[35]
The Ballard Historical Society is a volunteer-run non-profithistorical society located in the Ballard neighborhood. The organization does not have any traditional exhibition space, but maintains a community presence through its self-guided historical tours, historical markers, lectures, community events, and collections. The Ballard Historical Society's collections includememorabilia, historical archives, photographs, and other objects relating to Ballard History. The society has made its photo archives available online.[36] The organization has501(c)(3)tax-exempt status.
Formed in 1988 with encouragement from the Ballard Centennial Committee in celebration of the Washington state centennial in 1989, the organization's establishment coincided with the publication ofPassport to Ballard, a collection of essays on the neighborhood's history from pre-European settlement up through the 1980s.[37] In April 2007, the Ballard Historical Society unveiled its Historic Markers, which can be seen on buildings in theBallard Avenue Historic District.
The organization also co-produced, along with theNordic Heritage Museum andSwedish-Finn Historical Society,Voices of Ballard: Immigrant Stories from the Vanishing Generation (2001), a book collecting oral histories from long-time Ballard residents who have made the neighborhood home since before the 1960s.[38] The Ballard Walking Tour, a self-guided tour created by the organization, highlights 20 different historic sites on and around Ballard Avenue. The most recent illustrated Tour Brochure was released in February 2009.[39]
Every three years the Ballard Historical Society organizes the Ballard Classic Homes Tour and features a different set of vintage homes in Ballard during each parade of houses.
Ballard is the traditional center of Seattle's ethnically Scandinavian seafaring community, who were drawn to the area because of the salmon fishing opportunities.[5][40] The neighborhood's unofficial slogan, "Uff da", comes from anAlmost Live! sketch that made fun of its Scandinavian culture. In recent years the proportion of Scandinavian residents has decreased but the neighborhood is still proud of its heritage. Ballard is home to theNational Nordic Museum, which celebrates both the community of Ballard and the localScandinavian history. Scandinavians unite in organizations such as the Sons of Norway Leif Ericson Lodge and the Norwegian Ladies Chorus of Seattle. Each year the community celebrates the Ballard SeafoodFest andNorwegian Constitution Day (also called Syttende Mai) on May 17 to commemorate the signing of the Norwegian Constitution.[41]
Locals once nicknamed the neighborhood "Snoose Junction," a reference to the Scandinavian settlers' practice of usingsnus.[42]
The Majestic Bay Theatre on Market Street is on the same location as the former Bay and Majestic theaters. Before closing for the new construction the Bay Theatre was the longest continuously operating movie theatre on the west coast after the closure of the Cameo in Los Angeles.
The neighborhood is home to a namesake soccer team,Ballard FC, which was founded in 2022 and plays in the fourth-divisionUSL League 2. The semi-professional team is owned by a group led by formerSeattle Sounders FC playerLamar Neagle and plays in nearbyInterbay at the 1,000-seat Interbay Soccer Stadium.[43]
The public schools in the neighborhood are part of the citywideSeattle Public Schoolsdistrict.Ballard High School, located in the neighborhood, is the oldest continuously-operating high school in the city.[44] The original building was demolished in the late 1990s. The new school building is now one of the largest in the district and houses a biotechnologymagnet program that attracts students from all over Seattle.[45] The high school has been supported byAmgen, Zymogenetics, G. M. Nameplate, the Youth Maritime Training Association,North Seattle Community College,Seattle City Light, and Swedish Hospital.[46]
There are several elementary schools and onealternative school located in the neighborhood. The closest middle school isWhitman Middle School, which is located north of Ballard in theCrown Hill neighborhood.[47]
The Ballard Public Library was first created as theCarnegie Free Public Library in 1904. In 1907, after annexation, the library became part of theSeattle Public Library system. The original Carnegie building on Market Street was replaced with new construction on 24th Avenue NW in 1963. 42 years later, in 2005, a new library building on 22nd Avenue NW designed by architectural firmBohlin Cywinski Jackson, was opened as part of the Seattle Public Library's "Libraries for All" initiative.[48] The original Carnegie building on Market Street is a restaurant.
The Seattle Metaphysical Library, originally opened in thePike Place Market in 1961, is now on Market Street in Ballard, and is open to the public and lends books to members.[49]
The following Ballard buildings, areas and landmarks are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places:[50]
 | Ballard Avenue Historic District | Along Ballard Avenue N.W. between N.W. Market Street and N.W. Dock Place (added in 1976, ID #76001885). |
 | Ballard Carnegie Library | On N.W. Market Street (added 1979, ID #79002535). |
 | Fire Station No. 18 | At the corner of Russell Avenue N.W. and N.W. Market (added 1973, ID #73001876). |
 | Ballard Bridge | (added 1982, ID #82004231), |
 | Hiram M. Chittenden Locks and theLake Washington Ship Canal | (added 1978, ID #78002751). |
After Burlington Northern and Santa Fe shut down three miles of waterfront line along the Lake Washington Ship Canal in Ballard, Wash., last year, four shippers got together to form the Ballard Terminal Railroad Co. Last month, BRTC was awarded a $350,000 loan by the Washington State Department of Transportation for rehabilitation of the deteriorated track. When that is completed, the new short line will again move such commodities as fish, furniture, sand, cement, and lubrication oil.
In the beginning, almost all of the Scandinavians in this young city gravitated to Ballard, still the home of the fair-haired and the blue-eyed, our most lily-white community.
For years, we called it "Snoose Junction" or "Swede Town."
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