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Bagrationovsk Багратионовск | |
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..JPG) Remains of the Teutonic Castle | |
.png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Bagrationovsk  | |
  Bagrationovsk Location of Bagrationovsk Show map of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg) Bagrationovsk Bagrationovsk (European Russia) Show map of European Russia Bagrationovsk Bagrationovsk (Baltic Sea) Show map of Baltic Sea | |
| Coordinates:54°24′N20°38′E / 54.400°N 20.633°E /54.400; 20.633 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Bagrationovsky District[1] |
| Town of district significance | Bagrationovsk[1] |
| Founded | 1325[2] |
| Town status since | 1585[3] |
| Elevation | 70 m (230 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 6,400 |
| • Capital of | Bagrationovsky District,[1] town of district significance of Bagrationovsk[1] |
| • Municipal district | Bagrationovsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Urban settlement | Bagrationovskoye Urban Settlement[5] |
| • Capital of | Bagrationovsky Municipal District,[5] Bagrationovskoye Urban Settlement[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (MSK–1  [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 238420 |
| OKTMO ID | 27503000001 |
| Website | gorod-bagrat |
Bagrationovsk (Russian:Багратио́новск;German:Preußisch Eylau,lit. 'Prussian Eylau';[8]Polish:Pruska Iława orIławka;Lithuanian:Ylava orPrūsų Ylava) is atown and theadministrative center ofBagrationovsky District inKaliningrad Oblast,Russia, located close to the border withPoland, 37 kilometers (23 mi) south ofKaliningrad, the administrative center of theoblast. It has a population of6,400 (2010 Census).[4]
Teutonic Order 1325–1454
Kingdom of Poland 1454–1455
∟
∟Duchy of Prussia 1525–1657
Kingdom of Prussia 1701–1758
Russian Empire 1758–1762
Kingdom of Prussia 1762–1871
German Empire 1871–1918
∟Kingdom of Prussia 1871–1918
Weimar Republic 1918–1933
Nazi Germany 1933–1945
Poland 1945
Soviet Union 1946–1991
In 1325, theTeutonic Knights built anOrdensburg castle called "Yladia"[3] or "Ilaw", later known as "Preussisch Eylau", in the center of the Old Prussian regionNatangia. 'Ylow' is the Old Prussian term for 'mud' or 'swamp'. The settlement nearby developed in 1336,[2][9] but in 1348 the Teutonic Order gave the privilege to establish twelvepubs in the area around the castle. Although the settlement had only a few inhabitants, due to its central position it was often used as meeting place for officials of the Order.
In 1454, KingCasimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to theKingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-TeutonicPrussian Confederation.[10] During the subsequentThirteen Years' War, in 1455, Teutonic Knights regained control of the settlement. The castle was besieged on 24 May 1455 by troops of thePrussian Confederation under the command of Remschel von Krixen, but the garrison repulsed the attack. After the war, in 1466, the settlement became a part of Poland as afief held by the Teutonic Knights.[11] During theHorsemen's War in 1520, the castle was unsuccessfully besieged by troops of the Polish Kingdom, who devastated the settlement. Following the war, it remained a part of Poland, now as a fief held by newly established secularDucal Prussia. Preußisch Eylau received itscivic charter in 1585.[3]
In 1709–1711, thebubonic plague killed 2,212 inhabitants of the Eylau area. The town was under Russian occupation from 1758 to 1762 during theSeven Years' War.
TheBattle of Eylau (7–8 February 1807) during theNapoleonic Wars involved theFrench troops ofNapoleon Bonaparte, theRussian troops of GeneralBennigsen, and the Prussian troops of GeneralAnton Wilhelm von L'Estocq. Only 3 inhabitants of Eylau died in the battle, but 605 persons died due to hunger and diseases in 1807 (with the average death rate in "normal" years being around 80–90). Napoleon used the local courthouse as his headquarters in Eylau on 7–17 February 1807.
On 1 April 1819, the town became the seat of the administrative district Preußisch Eylau (Kreis Pr. Eylau). In 1834, a Teachers' Seminary was founded, educating everyEast Prussian teacher until it was closed down in 1924. The town was connected to the railway on 2 September 1866. In the late 19th century, four annualfairs and two weekly markets were held in the town.[9]
DuringWorld War I, the town was occupied without a struggle by Russian troops on 27 August 1914, but these troops left on 3 September 1914.
After 1933, large barracks were built by theWehrmacht, and in 1935Infantry andArtillery units were stationed there.
On 10 February 1945,[2] during theSovietRed Army'sEast Prussian Offensive, the town was occupied by troops of the 55th Guards "Irkutsk-Pinsk" Division commanded by Major GeneralAdam Turchinsky.
In June 1945, the town was handed over toPoland, and Polish officials took over the administrative power.[12] Under its historic Polish nameIławka, the town became a county seat, but Poles left again in December 1945, as the new borderline between theSoviet Union and Poland was set just at the southern outskirts of the town.[12] The county seat was then moved toGórowo Iławeckie (now a twin town of Bagrationovsk), however it retained the name ofIławka County until 1958.
In January 1946, the town became a part of the newly establishedKaliningrad Oblast within theRussian SFSR and the town was given its present name, honoring GeneralPyotr Bagration, who was one of the senior Russian leaders in theNapoleonic Wars and is also the namesake of the 1944Operation Bagration offensive. The German population that had not already fled during theevacuation of East Prussia during the war was subsequentlyexpelled in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement, with the last transport leaving on 23 November 1947. TheNKVD established a prison camp for German civilians inside the former Wehrmacht barracks in 1945–1949. It held an estimated 13,000 inmates, of whom some 6,000 people died.[3]
Today the main border crossing point between Russia and Poland (Bezledy/Bagrationovsk) is 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) south of the town. Since April 2007, government restrictions on visits to border areas have been tightened and travel toSovetsk and Bagrationovsk is only allowed with special permission, unless in transit.[13]
Within theframework of administrative divisions, Bagrationovsk serves as theadministrative center ofBagrationovsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Bagrationovsky District as thetown of district significance of Bagrationovsk.[1] As amunicipal division, the town of district significance of Bagrationovsk is incorporated within Bagrationovsky Municipal District asBagrationovskoye Urban Settlement.[5]
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Bagrationovsk istwinned with:
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