| Badaber uprising | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part ofOperation Cyclone during theSoviet–Afghan War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 SovietPOWs DR AfghanPOWs | Supported by:  China | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Aleksandr Alekseevich Matveev † |  Burhanuddin RabbaniAhmad Shah Massoud Akhtar Abdur Rahman | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
Democratic Republic Of Afghanistan: 40 POWs Total:52 personnel | 70 guards Unknown Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
Soviet Union:11 dead |
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TheBadaber uprising (26–27 April 1985,Badaber,Pakistan) was an armed rebellion bySoviet andAfghanprisoners of war who were being held at the Badaber fortress nearPeshawar,Pakistan. The prisoners fought theAfghan Mujahideen of theJamiat-e Islami party (who were supported by the PakistaniXI Corps and American CIA advisors) in an attempt to escape.
The Badaber fortress, 24 km south ofPeshawar, was a military training centre of the AfghanMujahideen who opposedSoviet presence in Afghanistan. The Mujahideen were trained by military instructors from the United States (Operation Cyclone) and Pakistan. The fortress was controlled by theTajik-dominatedJamiat-e Islami party.Burhanuddin Rabbani was the party leader and self-declared president of Afghanistan. The military commander of the fortress wasAhmad Shah Massoud.
In 1983 and 1984, Soviet andDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) prisoners were brought to the fortress from holding cells (zindans). The prisoners were forced to perform hard labour, for example, quarrying and loading ordnance. In 1985, 12 Soviet (shuravi) and 40 Afghan prisoners were held at the Badaber fortress.[1][2][6]
On 26 April 1985, at about 6 pm, only two of seventy Mujahideen guards were on duty. The others were gathered at the drill square for evening prayers (namaz). In an uprising, prisoners entered the fortress armory, took weapons and ammunition, and tried to escape. Some may have tried to capture the fortress' radio center to report their location.[1] However, the head guard, Haist Gol, raised the alarm and prevented the escape of the prisoners.[6] The prisoners did seize key locations within the fortress.
Afghan Mujahideen, Pakistani infantry and tank units, and artillery forces of theXI Corps blockaded the fortress. Several attempts to recapture the fortress were repelled by the prisoners. At 9 pm,Burhanuddin Rabbani, arrived at the base and negotiated with the prisoners. He suggested they surrender and their lives would be spared. The prisoners demanded a meeting with the Soviet and Afghanambassadors to Pakistan and representatives from theInternational Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The prisoners threatened to ignite the armory if their demands were not met. Rabbani rejected the prisoners' demands and fighting continued.[1]
On 27 April 1985 at around 8am, Rabbani's bodyguard was wounded by rockets fired by the prisoners.[1] Rabbani prepared to attack the fortress using rockets (9K51 Grad), tanks, andPakistan Air Force helicopters. The uprising ended when the fortress was destroyed by an explosion. It is believed that the explosion was caused by the POWs themselves, destroying a large cache of weapons. Any survivors of the explosion were dragged to the walls and killed.[1][6][2][7][8]
The identities of the prisoners are uncertain, including all 40 of the Afghan casualties. One was Nikolay Saminj, aSoviet forces junior sergeant, who wasposthumously awarded Kazakhstan'sOrder of Valor, 3rd degree on 12 December 2003.[9][10] Another was Alexandr Zverkovich, a Soviet forces private, who was posthumously memorialised on the 10th anniversary of the withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Afghanistan.[11][12][13]
According to Russian sources, between 100 and 120 Afghan Mujahideen were killed, between 40 and 90 regular Pakistani military.[1][2] The Badaber fortress, its armory and its ordnance (including three 9K51 Grad multiple rocket launchers, thousands of shells and rockets, approximately forty cannons, mortars, 2 million rounds of ammunition and machine guns), and itschancellery, including a list of the prisoners, were destroyed. Soviet satellite data from 28 April 1985 showed an 80 m crater at the site.[6]
On 29 April 1985,Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the President of Pakistan, classified all information related to the uprising.Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the head of theHezbi Islami, said:
Do not captureshuravi (Persian term for the word "Soviet") soldiers in the future, but annihilate them at the taking place.[1]
Yousaf Mohammad, a colonel in the PakistaniInter-Services Intelligence service said:
[the incident] could quickly get out of hand, or lead to international confrontation.[14]Details of the uprising were suppressed in Pakistan until 1992 when six names of participants in the uprising were handed toAlexander Rutskoy byShahryar Khan, the deputy minister of foreign affairs of Pakistan.[8]
On 9 May 1985, a representative of the International Red Cross visiting the Soviet Embassy inIslamabad, confirmed the uprising had occurred.[15] On 11 May 1985,Vitaly Smirnov, the Soviet ambassador, issued a warning toMuhammad Zia-ul-Haq. He said:
The Soviet side holds full responsibility for what had happened [with] the Government of Pakistan and expects that it will make appropriate conclusions about the effects posed by [its] complicity in the aggression against the DRA and thereby against the Soviet Union.[15]
On 16 May 1985, the DRA's permanent representative to theUnited Nations sent a letter concerning this incident to theUnited Nations Secretary-General, which was circulated as an official document of theGeneral Assembly and theSecurity Council.[15]
On 10 April 1988, theOjhri Camp, an ammunition depot near Islamabad, was destroyed, killing 93 and injuring around 1,100 people. The cause of destruction of Ojhri Camp is disputed with some reports suggesting that Soviet Union was responsible for the destruction of the camp. On 17 August 1988, President Zia-ul-Haq's plane crashed in an incident that Pakistan suggested was caused by the SovietKGB secret services and AfghanKhAD.[16]
In 2002, theWarriors-Internationalists Affairs Committee sent three names of uprising participants, Igor Vaskov, Nikolai Dudkin and Sergei Levchishin toSergei Ivanov, the defense minister of Russia. He said:
Unfortunately, there is no basis to proceed with the application for [the] award.
This is a partial list of Soviet POWs:
The Russian–Kazakh movie,Peshavar Waltz (1994) was loosely based on this uprising.
Крепость Бадабер (Fortress Badaber) 2018 movie.[18]
A song was written about the incident titled "Mountains of Peshawar" by theBlue Berets about the valiance and the honor the Soviet soldiers showed in their failed uprising.
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33°57′28″N71°34′25″E / 33.957884°N 71.573653°E /33.957884; 71.573653
