![Outpost 21 on Shayarot Ridge [HE] over Sha'ar HaGai - on the right is Highway 1, and on the left is Burma Road](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fwikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRechesShayarotBurmaRoadIsraelOct082022_02.jpg)
Sha'ar HaGai (Hebrew:שער הגיא) in Hebrew, a name literally translated fromBab al-Wad orBab al-Wadi in Arabic (Hebrew:באב אל-ואד,Arabic:باب الواد orباب الوادي), meaningGate of the Valley, is a point on theTel Aviv-Jerusalem highway, 23 km fromJerusalem, where the road begins to ascend through a deep valley flanked by steep rocky slopes, of theintermittentNahshon Stream [he], or Wadi Ali in Arabic.
The Arabic name Bab al-Wad, 'Gate of the Valley', was used in Hebrew as well, as seen in the 1948song, until after theestablishment of the State of Israel and thecreation of the Hebrew name, Sha'ar HaGai, averbatim translation of the Arabic name.
The Jaffa–Jerusalem road was initially made accessible for wheeled vehicles by theOttomans in 1867,[1] and since then served as the main highway to Jerusalem, favoured over moretopographically convenient routes such as the one following the ridge north of it and known since biblical times as the "ascent ofBeth-Horon" (today'sRoute 443). The journey from Jaffa to Jerusalem was reduced, thanks to this upgrade, from three to two days and Bab al-Wad became the one place where travellers had to stop for the night. For this purpose, the Ottomans built there an inn orcaravansary, used soon after, in 1869, the year of the inauguration of theSuez Canal, by travelling royalty taking a detour to Jerusalem such asFranz Joseph I ofAustria-Hungary, the future British kingEdward VII and his brother-in-law the future German emperorFrederick III.[1] In 1898 the site was used again by German emperorWilhelm II and his wifeAugusta Victoria, who slept there in a tent camp.[2] The largest bell for the church of theAugusta Victoria Foundation, initiated by Wilhelm during his 1898 visit and built between 1907 and 1910, weighed sixtonnes and required that the road be widened and paved.[3]
After World War I, Todros Warshavsky, a Jew born in Jerusalem in 1877, leased the khan and moved there with his family, offering travelers light meals and care of animals.[4]
During the1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, this area saw fierce fighting between Arab forces and Jewish convoys on the way toblockaded West Jerusalem. Bab al-Wad and thedefile it guards changed hands between theArab Liberation Army supported by local Arab irregulars, and JewishPalmach andHaganah units, until April 20 1948, when the Arabs recaptured the heights around Bab al-Wad closing off theTel Aviv-Jerusalem road.[5]
After the beginning of the1948 Arab-Israeli War, the fort atLatrun, two kilometres west of Bab al-Wad, was held by theArab Legion, the British-trained and commanded army ofTransjordan, thus reinforcing the Arab siege of West Jerusalem. ThePalmach's 10th (Harel) Brigade under the command of Lt. Col.Yitzhak Rabin, futureprime minister of Israel, managed to capture Bab al-Wad itself, but the road section west of it, controlled from Latrun, remained in Jordanian hands until 1967, cutting off this main access route to Jerusalem. In order to bypass the Arab-held bottleneck, the Israelis constructed the so-calledBurma Road, named after the famousWorld War IIroad into China. This very steep bypass road was in use during the first, crucial part of the war, being replaced after six months by a longer but safer detour route.
After the1967 Arab-Israeli War, when theLatrun area was captured by Israel, the main Tel Aviv–Jerusalem highway was once again constructed on the shortest route past Latrun and Sha'ar HaGai. Today's already four-lane wide Highway 1 is currently (2016) being widened due to increasing traffic, by further carving into the slopes of the Wadi Ali gorge.
Until the 2000s, the remains of armoured cars that belonged to Jewish convoys and were destroyed during the 1948 war were lining the route as a memorial to the war dead. Most of them were regular trucks with improvised armour made of two sheets of steel and a layer of wood in between, which led to them being called "sandwich trucks". Then they had to be relocated by the army to the two extremities of the gorge, where they have been secured against scrap metal thieves, conserved and displayed on the side of the highway.
In a park south of the main road is theMahal Memorial Monument [he], which commemoratesMahal, the ca. 4000 Jewish and non-Jewish military volunteers who came from abroad to fight in Israel's War of Independence in 1947–48, of whom 119 lost their lives during the fighting.[6]
TheMemorial for the Pioneers of the Road to Jerusalem [he], erected in memory of the Jewish Independence War fighters who died in battles fought over the road to Jerusalem, stands on the side of the highway nearNeve Ilan, andShoresh Interchange [he]. The 1967 work of Israeli sculptorNaomi Henrik is built of stainless steel and concrete and consists of a cluster of tubes resembling rockets[7] that point towards Jerusalem.
![War memorial dedicated to the Jewish casualties of the 1948 battles for the road to Jerusalem (sculptor Naomi Henrik, 1967), overlooking Highway 1[7]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fwikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aIsrael_Shoresh_Interchange_Independence_War_Memorial.jpg)
The battles of 1948 were commemorated by a Hebrew song,Bab al-Wad, with words byHaim Gouri and music byShmuel Fershko. The song has been performed by numerous famous Israeli singers, such asYafa Yarkoni,Shoshana Damari,Shlomo Gronich, andHarel Skaat. The song has four verses, with the fourth verse spoken before the final chorus.
Here I walk silently
And I remember them, every single one
Here we fought, together, over cliffs and boulders
Here we were to one family
Bab al Wad
Forever do remember our names
As convoys broke through to the city
On the roadsides lie our dead
The iron hulk as silent as my comrade
Israelis referring to the location in daily life call it by the Hebrew name Sha'ar HaGai (שער הגיא) in Hebrew, but the famous song calls it by the Arabic name Bab al-Wad - preserving the fact that in 1948, the soldiers of the young Israel called it that. Both the Hebrew and Arabic name mean the same - "Gate of the Valley".
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