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B-23 Dragon / UC-67
A B-23 Dragon in USAAC markings during the early 1940s
General information
Type	Medium bomber
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Douglas Aircraft Company
Primary user	United States Army Air Corps
Number built	38
History
First flight	27 July 1939
Retired	1945
Developed from	Douglas B-18 Bolo

TheDouglas B-23 Dragon is an American twin-enginedbomber developed by theDouglas Aircraft Company as a successor to theB-18 Bolo.

Douglas proposed a number of modifications designed to improve the performance of the B-18. Initially considered a redesign, theXB-22 featured 1,600 hpWright R-2600-1 Twin Cyclone radial engines. The complete B-18 redesign was considered promising enough by theUSAAC to alter the original contract to produce the last 38 B-18As ordered under Contract AC9977 as theB-23.^[1] The design incorporated a larger wingspan with a wing design very similar to that of theDC-3, a fully retractable undercarriage, and improved defensive armament. The B-23 was the first operational American bomber equipped with a glazed tail gun position.^[1] The tail gun was a.50 calibre (12.7 mm) machine gun, which was fired from theprone position by a gunner using atelescopic sight.^[2]

The first B-23 flew on July 27, 1939 with the production series of 38 B-23s manufactured between July 1939 and September 1940.^[3]

While significantly faster and better armed than the B-18,^[4] the B-23 was not comparable to newer medium bombers like theNorth American B-25 Mitchell andMartin B-26 Marauder. For this reason, the 38 B-23s built were never used in combat overseas, although for a brief period they were employed as patrol aircraft stationed on the west coast of the United States.^[1] The B-23s were primarily relegated to training duties, although 18 of them were later converted as transports and redesignatedUC-67.^[4]

The B-23 also served as a testbed for new engines and systems. For example, one was used forturbosupercharger development byGeneral Electric atSchenectady, New York. Another was used for testing cabin pressurization.^[5]

After World War II, many examples were used as executive transports, with appropriate internal modifications, and as a result a large number have survived, both in public and private collections.^[4]Howard Hughes (among others) used converted B-23s as personal aircraft.

 United States

• United States Army Air Corps

B-23

Twin-engined bomber version of the B-18 with modified fuselage, 38 built.

C-67

Conversion to utility transport with provision for glider towing, 12 conversions from B-23, redesignated UC-67 in 1943.

UC-67

C-67 redesignated in 1943.

• 39-031 – UC-67 on static display at theAeronautical and Space Museum of the Ecuadorian Air Force inQuito.^[6]

• 39-0033 – B-23 under restoration with ATW Aviation inMarana, Arizona.^[7]
• 39-0036 – B-23 on static display at theMcChord Air Museum atMcChord Field nearLakewood, Washington.^[8]
• 39-0037 – B-23 in storage at theNational Museum of the United States Air Force atWright-Patterson AFB inDayton, Ohio.^[9]
• 39-0038 – B-23 in storage at theNational Warplane Museum inGeneseo, New York.^[10]
• 39-0047 – UC-67 on static display at theCastle Air Museum inAtwater, California.^[11]
• 39-0051 – B-23 on static display at thePima Air & Space Museum inTucson, Arizona.^[12]
• 39-0057 – B-23 in storage atFantasy of Flight inPolk City, Florida.^[13]
• 39-0063 – B-23 airworthy with private owner inAnchorage, Alaska.^[14]

Data from McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920^[15]

General characteristics

• Crew: Six
• Length: 58 ft4+3⁄4 in (17.799 m)
• Wingspan: 92 ft 0 in (28.04 m)
• Height:18 ft5+1⁄2 in (5.626 m)
• Wing area: 993 sq ft (92.3 m²)
• Empty weight: 19,089 lb (8,659 kg)
• Gross weight: 26,500 lb (12,020 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 32,400 lb (14,696 kg)
• Powerplant: 2 ×Wright R-2600-3radial engine, 1,600 hp (1,200 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 282 mph (454 km/h, 245 kn) at 12,000 ft (3,660 m)
• Cruise speed: 210 mph (340 km/h, 180 kn)
• Range: 1,400 mi (2,300 km, 1,200 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 31,600 ft (9,600 m)
• Time to altitude: 6.7 minutes to 10,000 ft (3,050 m)

Armament

• Guns: 3 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns, 1 × .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun in tail
• Bombs: 2,000 lb (910 kg) in bomb bay

Related development

• Douglas DC-3
• Douglas B-18 Bolo
• Douglas XB-22

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Martin B-26 Marauder
• North American B-25 Mitchell

Related lists

• List of aircraft of World War II
• List of bomber aircraft
• List of military aircraft of the United States

• Francillon, René J.McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London, Putnam, 1979.ISBN 0-370-00050-1.
• Jesse, William (May–June 1999). "Short-lived Dragon: The Douglas B-23".Air Enthusiast (81):70–72.ISSN 0143-5450.
• Mondey, David.The Hamlyn Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group, 2002, (republished 1996 by the Chancellor Press), First edition 1982.ISBN 1-85152-706-0.

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