Theautomotive industry in India is the world'sfourth-largest by production and valuation as per 2022 statistics.^[1][2][3] As of 2025, India is the3rd largest automobile market in the world in terms of sales.^[4]

As of April 2022^[update],India's auto industry is worth more than US$100 billion and accounts for 8% of the country's total exports and 7.1% of India's GDP.^[5] According to the 2021National Family Health Survey, 60% of Indian households own an automobile.^[6][7] According to government statistics, India has barely 400 automobiles per 1,000 people.^[8][9]

In 1897, the first car ran on an Indian road. Through the 1930s, cars were imports only, and in small numbers.

An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s.Hindustan Motors was launched in 1942 buildingMorris products, long-time competitorPremier in 1944, buildingChrysler Corporation products such asDodge andPlymouth, and beginning in the 1960s,Fiat products.^[10]Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two brothers in 1945 and began assembly ofJeep CJ-3A utility vehicles. In the same years,J. R. D. Tata, the chairman ofTata Group foundedTATA Engineering and Locomotive Company (nowTata Motors) inJamshedpur. Followingindependence in 1947, the Government of India and theprivate sector launched efforts to create an automotive-component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. In 1953, an import substitution programme was launched, and the import of fully built-up cars began to be restricted.^[10]

In 1952, the Indian government appointed the first Tariff Commission, whose purpose was to come out with a feasibility plan for theindigenization of the Indian automobile industry. In 1953, the commission submitted its report, which recommended categorizing existing Indian car companies according to their manufacturing infrastructure, under a licensed capacity to manufacture a certain number of vehicles, with capacity increases allowable, as per demands, in the future. The Tariff Commission recommendations were implemented with new policies that would eventually exclude companies that only imported parts for assembly, as well as those with no Indian partner. In 1954, following the Tariff Commission implementation,General Motors,Ford, andRootes Group, which had assembly-only plants inMumbai, decided to move out of India.^[11]

The Tariff commission policies, including similar restrictions that applied to other industries, came to be known as theLicence Raj, which proved to be the greatest undoing of the Indian automotive industry, where bureaucratic red tape ended up causing demand to outstrip supply, with month-long waiting periods for cars, scooters, and motorcycles.

Passenger cars

• Hindustan Motors was established inKolkata in technical collaboration withMorris Motors to manufacture Morris Oxford models that would later become HM Ambassador.
• Addisons, Madras – AnAmalgamations Group company, was the agent forNuffield's Morris, Wolseley, and Riley cars, and Chrysler'sPlymouth,Dodge, and De Soto cars and trucks. The firstMorris Minor assembled in India and the first car assembled in Madras was driven out from Addison's twin-plants on Smith Road by Anantharamakrishnan on 15 November 1950.^[12]
• Premier Automobiles Limited, Mumbai – entered into technical collaboration withChrysler to manufactureDodge,Plymouth andDesoto models and withFiat to manufacture the 1100D models which would later becomePremier Padmini range.
• Standard Motor Products of India, Madras – entered into technical collaboration fromStandard-Triumph to manufactureStandard Vanguard,Standard 8, 10 and laterStandard Herald.

Utility and light commercial vehicles

• Vehicle Factory Jabalpur – started manufacturingJonga Light Utility Vehicles and Vahan 1 Ton (Nissan 4W73 Carriers) in India, under license fromNissan ofJapan. They were the main troop carriers of theIndian Armed Forces and much more powerful than any other vehicle of their class.Also, Nissan Power Wagon was added to their line.
• Mahindra & Mahindra plant established in Mumbai – technical collaboration withWillys to manufacture CJ SeriesJeep.
• Bajaj Tempo, Pune, nowForce Motors – entered into technical collaboration withTempo to manufacture Tempo Hanseat, a three-wheeler and Tempo Viking and Hanomag, later known as Tempo Matador in India.
• Standard Motor Products of India – entered into technical collaboration fromStandard and had licence to manufacture theStandard Atlas passenger van with panel van and one-tonne pickup variants.

Medium and heavy commercial vehicles

• Tata Motors established a new plant inPune with technical collaboration withMercedes-Benz to manufacture medium to heavy commercial vehicles both Bus and Trucks.
• Vehicle Factory Jabalpur started manufacturingShaktiman trucks with technical assistance fromMAN SE ofGermany. The trucks were the main logistics vehicle of theIndian Army with several specialist variants. VFJ still is the sole supplier of B vehicles to the Indian Armed Forces.
• Heavy Vehicles Factory was established in 1965 inAvadi,Chennai to produce tanks in India. Since its inception, HVF has produced all the tanks of India, includingVijayanta,Arjun,Ajeya,Bhishma and their variants for theIndian Army. HVF is the only tank manufacturing facility of India.
• Ashok Leyland was founded inChennai withLeyland Motors to manufacture medium to heavy commercial vehicles both Bus and Trucks. Ashok Motors also discontinued itsAustin venture formed in 1948 to sellAustin A40 and retooled the factory to make trucks and buses.
• Hindustan Motors – had technical collaboration withGeneral Motors to manufacture theBedford range of medium lorry and bus chassis.
• Premier Automobiles Limited – entered into technical collaboration withChrysler to manufacture theDodge,Fargo range of medium lorry, panel vans, mini-bus, and bus chassis.
• Simpsons & Co, Madras – part ofAmalgamations Group (TAFE Tractors) – had technical collaboration withFord to manufacture medium lorry and bus chassis, but did not utilise that option until the 1980s.+

Scooters, mopeds and motorcycles

Many of the two-wheelers manufacturers were granted licenses in the early 1960s, well after the tariff commission was enabled.

• Royal Enfield (India), Madras – had technical collaboration withRoyal Enfield, UK to manufacture the Enfield Bullet range of motorcycles.
• Bajaj Auto, Poona – had technical collaboration withPiaggio, Italy to manufacture their best-sellingVespa range of scooters and three-wheelers with commercial options as well.
• TVS Motors, Madurai/Chennai - started individually and later had technical collaboration withSuzuki Motors, before finally buying them out of the JV.
• Automobile Products of India, Bombay (Better known for API Lambretta) – had a technical collaboration withInnocenti of Milan, Italy to manufacture theirLambretta range of mopeds, scooters and three-wheelers. This company was actually theRootes Group car plant that was bought over byM. A. Chidambaram family.
• Mopeds India Limited,Tirupathi – had technical collaboration withMotobécane, France to manufacture their best sellingMobylette mopeds.
• Escorts Group,New Delhi – had technical collaboration withCEKOP of Poland to manufacture theRajdoot 175 motorcycle whose origin wasDKW RT 125.
• Ideal Jawa,Mysore – entered into technical collaboration withCZ -Jawa of Czechoslovakia for itsJawa andYezdi range of motorcycles.

However, growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s, due to nationalisation and thelicense raj, which hampered the growth of the Indian private sector.

The beginning of the 1970s didn't see growth potential; and most of the collaboration license agreements came to an end, but with the option to continue manufacturing with renewed branding. Cars were still meant for the elite and Jeeps, now owned byAmerican Motors Corporation, were largely used by government organizations and in some rural regions. By the end of the decade, some developments were made in commercial vehicle segments to facilitate the movement of goods. The two-wheeler segment remained unchanged except for increased sales to the middle class in urban areas. There was an emphasis on having more farm tractors, as India was embarking on a newGreen Revolution; and Russian and Eastern bloc imports were brought in to meet the demand.

But after 1970, with restrictions on the import of vehicles set, the automotive industry started to grow; but the growth was mainly driven by tractors, commercial vehicles, and scooters. Cars still remained a major luxury item. In the 1970s,price controls were finally lifted, inserting a competitive element into the automobile market.^[13] However, by the 1980s, the automobile market was still dominated byHindustan andPremier, who sold superannuated products in fairly limited numbers.^[14] The rate of car ownership in 1981 was about one in every thousand citizens – understandable when the annual road tax alone cost about half theaverage income of an Indian at the time.^[15]

During the eighties, a few competitors began to arrive on the scene. Of the 30,487 cars built in India in 1980, all but six came from the two main players Hindustan and Premier:Standard had led a shadow existence in the latter half of the 1970s, producing only a handful of cars to keep their license active.^[15] A new contender was tinySipani, which had tried building locally developed three-wheeled vehicles since 1975 but introduced theReliant Kitten-based Dolphin in 1982. Nonetheless, all eyes were onMaruti, which caused a major upheaval to the Indian automobile industry.^[15]

The OPEC oil crisis saw increased need to install or redesign some vehicle to fit diesel engines on medium commercial vehicle. Until the early 1970s Mahindra Jeeps were onPetrol and Premier commercial vehicles had Petrol model options. The Defence sector too had most trucks on Petrol engines.

From the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s India saw no new models, the country continuing to depend on two decades-old designs. The Sipani Dolphin, which arrived in 1982, was not a serious contender, with its plastic body and without rear doors - essential to Indian car buyers. This situation forced the government to encourage and let more manufacturers into fray.

In 1984AVANI was established in Medak near Hyderabad. It started manufacturingInfantry Combat Vehicles christened asSarath, the backbone of India's mechanised infantry.AVANI is still the only manufacturing facility of ICVs in India. To manufacture the high-power engines used in ICVs and main battle tanks, the Engine Factory was set up in 1987 in Avadi, near Chennai. In 1986, to promote the auto industry, the government established theDelhi Auto Expo. The 1986 Expo was a showcase for how the Indian automotive industry was absorbing new technologies, promoting indigenous research and development, and adapting these technologies for the rugged conditions of India.

Eventually multinational automakers such asSuzuki andToyota of Japan andHyundai andDaewoo Motors of South Korea were allowed to invest in the Indian market, furthering the establishment of an automotive industry in India.Maruti Suzuki was the first and the most successful of these new entries, in part the result of government policies to promote the automotive industry beginning in the 1980s.^[14] As India began to liberalise its automobile market in 1991, a number of foreign firms also initiated joint ventures with existing Indian companies. The variety of options available to the consumer began to multiply in the nineties, whereas before there had usually only been one option in each price class. By 2000, there were 12 large automotive companies in the Indian market, most of them offshoots of global companies.^[16]

Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles to tertiary markets and neighbouring countries began early, and in 1987 Maruti Suzuki shipped 480 cars to Europe (Hungary). After some growth in the mid-nineties, exports once again began to drop as the outmoded platforms provided to Indian manufacturers by multinationals were not competitive.^[17] This was not to last, and today India manufactures low-priced cars for markets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013, global brands such asProton Holdings,PSA Group,Kia,Mazda,Chrysler,Dodge andGeely Holding Group were shelving plans for India due to the competitiveness of the market, as well as the global economic crisis.

In 2000, in line with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled standards titled "India 2000", with later, upgraded guidelines to be known asBharat Stage emission standards. These standards are quite similar to the stringentEuropean emission standards and have been implemented in a phased manner.

Bharat Stage IV (BS-IV) was first implemented in 13 cities — Agra, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi (NCR), Kanpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, Surat, Solapur — in April 2010, and then in the rest of the nation in April 2017.

In 2019, in line with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government of India announced the introduction ofBS-VI norms to control air pollution, taking effect from 1 April 2020.^[18]

India levies an import tax of 125% on foreign imported cars, while the import tax on components such as gearboxes, airbags, drive axles is 10%. The taxes are intended to encourage cars to be assembled in India rather than be imported as completely built units.^[19]

In 2006, the government of India imposed a new tax structure, which massively impacted the segment. It enables vehicles shorter than 4.0 metres (157.5 in) to qualify for a significantly lower excise duty, which is 8 percent as opposed to 20 percent for longer vehicles.^[20]Tata Motors was the first to exploit the new tax structure, which redesigned the rear portion of theIndigo sedan, dropping its length to 3,988 mm (157.0 in) and renamed it as the Indigo CS.^[21] The model became significantly cheaper, becoming one of the largest selling three-box cars in the country.^[22] Other manufacturers quickly adapted, which led to the release of the shorterSuzuki Swift Dzire, theHonda Brio Amaze, and others.^[23]

The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is evenly divided into three "clusters". In the year 2010,aroundChennai was the largest, with a 35% revenue share, accounting for 60% of the country's automotive exports, and home of the operations of Engine Factory Avadi,Ford,Hyundai,Renault,Nissan,BMW,Daimler,Caparo,Mini, andCitroën.^[24][25]

NearMumbai,Maharashtra, along theChakan corridor nearPune, is the western cluster, with a 33% share of the market.Audi,Volkswagen, andŠkoda are located inAurangabad.Mahindra and Mahindra has an SUV and engine assembly plant atNashik.Hyundai,Tata Motors,Mercedes-Benz,Land Rover,Jaguar,Fiat, andForce Motors have assembly plants in the area.^[26][27][28]

The northern cluster is around theNational Capital Region, and contributes 30%.Gurgaon,Manesar andKharkhoda inHaryana, are where the country's largest car manufacturer,Maruti Suzuki, is based.

An emerging cluster is the state ofGujarat, with a manufacturing facility ofMG Motors inHalol,Atul Auto inRajkot andTata Motors in Sanand.^[29] Maruti Suzuki also plans to set up a new greenfield plant in Gujarat.^[30]

Uttarakhand withTata Motors,Telangana withHyundai,Ordnance Factory Medak,Hyderabad Allwyn andMahindra & Mahindra,Rajasthan withHonda,^[31] andBengaluru -Karnataka region withToyota,Volvo andScania,Andhra withIsuzu andKia andKolkata -Jamshedpur belt also known as East India belt with companies such asHindustan Motors,Heavy Engineering Corporation,Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery, andTata Motors are other automotive manufacturing regions around the country.^[32][33][34]

Commercial and passenger vehicles

• Isuzu Motors India –Sri City
• Kia India –Penukonda (Anantapur)
• Ashok Leyland -Vijayawada

Two wheelers

• Hero MotoCorp –Satyavedu

Off-highway vehicles

• Kobelco Cranes –Sri City

Two wheelers

• Hero MotoCorp –Halol
• Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India – Vithalapur
• Joy e-bike – Vadodara

Passenger vehicles

• Tata Motors –Sanand
• JSW MG Motor India –Halol
• Mahindra & Mahindra –Kandla
• Maruti Suzuki – Hansalpur

Commercial vehicles

• JCB India –Halol
• Atul Auto –Rajkot &Ahmedabad

Two wheelers

• Hero MotoCorp –Dharuhera,Rewari^[35]
• Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India –Manesar^[36]
• India Yamaha Motor –Faridabad^[37]
• Suzuki Motorcycle India –Gurugram^[38]

Passenger vehicles

• Maruti Suzuki –Gurugram,Manesar &Kharkhoda^[39]

Commercial vehicles

• Action Construction Equipment –Faridabad
• Escorts Group –Faridabad
• JCB India –Faridabad^[40]
• Omega Seiki Mobility –Faridabad

Agricultural vehicles

• Escorts Kubota –Faridabad

Two wheelers

• TVS Motor –Nalagarh^[41]

Passenger vehicles

• ICML Motors –Amb^[42]

Commercial vehicles

• TAFE Tractors –Parwanoo^[43]

Commercial vehicles

• Tata Motors –Jamshedpur^[44]

Two wheelers

• TVS Motor –Mysuru^[41]
• Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India - Narsapura^[36]

Passenger vehicles

• Mahindra and Mahindra –Bengaluru^[45]
• Toyota Kirloskar Motor –Bidadi^[46]

Commercial vehicles

• Bharat Earth Movers -Bengaluru &Mysuru
• Scania Commercial Vehicles India –Bengaluru^[47]
• TAFE Tractors –Doddaballapur^[43]
• Tata Motors –Dharwad^[44]

Commercial vehicles

• Bharat Earth Movers –Palakkad
• Kerala Automobiles Limited –Thiruvananthapuram

Two wheelers

• Mahindra & Mahindra –Pithampur^[48]

Commercial vehicles

• Vehicle Factory –Jabalpur
• Eicher Motors –Pithampur^[49]
• Hindustan Motors –Pithampur^[50]
• Force Motors –Pithampur^[51]
• TAFE Tractors –Mandideep^[43]
• John Deere Tractors –Dewas^[43]
• CASE Construction Equipment -Pithampur^[52]

Two wheelers

• Bajaj Auto –Chakan (Pune) &Waluj (Aurangabad)^[53]
  • KTM Sportmotorcycles –Chakan (Pune)
• India Kawasaki Motors –Chakan (Pune)
• Vespa Scooters andAprilia (brands part ofPiaggio) –Baramati (Pune)^[54][55]

Passenger vehicles

• Mahindra & Mahindra –Nashik &Chakan (Pune)^[56][57]
• Tata Motors Limited
  • Tata Motors –Pimpri Chinchwad (Pune)^[58]
  • Jaguar Cars –Pimpri Chinchwad (Pune)^[59]
  • Land Rover –Pimpri Chinchwad (Pune)
• Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars –Chakan (Pune)^[60]
• Jeep India –Ranjangaon (Pune)
• Volkswagen Group Sales India
  • Volkswagen –Chakan (Pune)^[61]
  • Skoda Auto -Chakan (Pune),Shendra,Aurangabad^[62]
  • Audi India –Shendra, Aurangabad^[63]
• Hyundai India –Talegaon^[64][65]

Commercial vehicles

• Ashok Leyland –Bhandara^[66]
• Bajaj Auto –Waluj (Aurangabad])^[53]
• Force Motors –Chakan (Pune)^[67]
• Mahindra Navistar –Chakan (Pune)^[68]
• Piaggio Vehicles –Baramati (Pune)^[69]
• Sany India – Pune
• Hyundai Construction Equipment – Chakan (Pune).^[70]
• Caterpillar – Banda (Sindhudurg)
• John Deere Tractors – Sanaswadi (Pune)
• Wirtgen India – Bhandgav (Pune)

Commercial vehicles

• SML Isuzu –Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar^[71]
• Swaraj Tractors –Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar
• Sonalika Tractor –Hoshiarpur

Two Wheelers

• Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India – Tapukara^[36]
• Hero Motocorp – Neemrana
• Okinawa Autotech –Alwar &Bhiwadi^[72]

Passenger vehicles

• Honda Cars India –Tapukara^[73]

Commercial vehicles

• Ashok Leyland –Alwar^[66]
• TAFE Tractors –Alwar^[43]

Two wheelers

• TVS Motor –Hosur^[41]
  • BMW Motorrad –Hosur^[74]
• Royal Enfield –Chennai^[75]
• India Yamaha Motor –Oragadam,Chennai
• Ola Electric –Krishnagiri^[76][77]
• Ather Energy –Hosur^[78]

Passenger vehicles

• BMW India –Mahindra World City (Chennai)^[79][80]
  • MINI India –Mahindra World City (Chennai)^[81]
• Hyundai Motor India –Sriperumbudur (Chennai)^[82]
• Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited
  • Nissan Motor India Private Limited –Oragadam (Chennai)^[83]
  • Renault India Private Limited –Oragadam,Chennai^[84]
  • Datsun –Oragadam,Chennai^[85]
• Citroën India –Tiruvallur,Chennai
• BYD India Pvt. Ltd –Sriperumbudur, Chennai

Commercial vehicles

• Schwing Stetter India –Chennai^[86]
• Komatsu India Private Limited –Oragadam,Chennai^[87]
• Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Private Limited –Oragadam,Chennai^[88]
• Caterpillar –Tiruvallur,Chennai^[89]
• Heavy Vehicles Factory –Avadi,Chennai
• Ashok Leyland Limited
  • Ennore,Chennai – trucks, buses, engines, axles etc.
  • Hosur^[66] – three adjacent plants (Hosur-1, Hosur-2, CPPS) for trucks, special vehicles and power units.
  • Sengadu Village,Kanchipuram – technical and production facility for Ashok Leyland Defence Systems
• KamAZ Vectra Motors –Hosur^[90]
• SAME Deutz-FahrTractors –Ranipet,Vellore^[91]
• TAFE Tractors –Chennai,^[43]Madurai
• TVS Motor –Hosur^[41]
• Force Motors –Chennai^[92]

Defence

• Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited –Medak

Commercial vehicles

• Mahindra and Mahindra –Zaheerabad

Two wheelers

• India Yamaha Motor –Greater Noida^[93]

Commercial vehicles

• Tata Motors –Lucknow
• New Holland –Greater Noida

Two wheelers

• Hero MotoCorp –Haridwar
• Bajaj Auto –Pantnagar

Commercial vehicles

• Ashok Leyland –Pantnagar
• Tata Motors –Pantnagar
• Mahindra & Mahindra –Haridwar

Commercial vehicles

• Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery –Kharagpur
• Gainwell -Panagarh

India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5 billion in 2009, with theUnited Kingdom being India's largest export market, followed byItaly,Germany, theNetherlands, andSouth Africa.^[94]

According toThe New York Times, India's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies likeHyundai,Nissan,Toyota,Volkswagen, andMaruti Suzuki.^[95]

In 2008, South Koreanmultinational Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India.Nissan Motors planned to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011.^[96] Similarly,US automobile company,General Motors had announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.^[97]

In September 2009,Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000 cars, for US$500 million. The cars were manufactured both for the Indian market and for export.^[98] The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business.^[99]Fiat Motors had announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from India.^[100]

In 2009, India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and Thailand (0.26m).^[101]

In July 2010, The Economic Times reported thatPSA Peugeot Citroën was planning to re-enter the Indian market and open a production plant in Andhra Pradesh that would have an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing €700M in the operation.^[102]Citroën entered the market in 2021 with their first offering being theCitroën C5 Aircross.^[103]

In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars.Maruti Suzuki andHyundai are the two biggest exporters of cars from the country.Nissan also exports small cars from its Indian assembly line.Tata Motors exports its passenger vehicles to several Asian and African markets. In the 2000s,Mahindra & Mahindra prepared to introduce its pickup trucks and smallSUV models in the U.S. market, but canceled its plans. As of 2019, it is assembling and selling an off-road vehicle (Mahindra Roxor; not certified for road use) in limited numbers in the U.S.^[104] It is also sold in Canada. While the possibilities for the Indian automobile industry are impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth. Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy weakens.^[105]

Mahindra's major overseas markets include Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, United States and South Asia.^[106]

This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(September 2021)

India exported $14.5 billion worth of automobiles in 2014. The 10 countries below imported 47.8% of that total.^[107]

Exports of Vehicles in India decreased to US$1478.68 Million in 2020 from US$11332.49 Million in 2019.

India is the 4th largest passenger vehicle producer in the world. In 2018–19, it produced 4.06 million cars.^[108] Currently, there are an estimated 30 million cars in India.^[109]

This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India.

• Mahindra:^[110]Bolero,Bolero Neo,Scorpio,Scorpio-N,Scorpio Getaway,Thar,Thar Roxx,Marazzo,XUV3XO,XUV400,XUV700
• Tata Motors:^[111]Tiago,Tiago EV,Tigor,Tigor EV,Nexon,Nexon EV,Harrier,Altroz,Safari,Punch,Punch EV,Curvv,Curvv EV
• Force Motors:Trax,Gurkha

• Hindustan Motors - the company still exists, but no longer manufactures automobiles
• Premier Automobiles Limited
• Sipani Automobiles
• Standard Motor Products of India Limited

• Maruti Suzuki (subsidiary of Japanese auto makerSuzuki)^[112][113]Alto K10,Eeco,Wagon R,Swift,Dzire,Ertiga,Celerio,Brezza,Baleno,Ignis,XL6,S-Presso,Grand Vitara,Jimny,Fronx,Super Carry,Invicto^[114]
• JSW MG Motor India (joint venture betweenJSW Group andSAIC Motor)Astor,Comet EV,Gloster,Hector,Hector Plus,ZS EV,Windsor EV

MG, Hyundai, Renault, Nissan, Citroën, Jeep, Honda, Toyota, Kia, Volkswagen, Škoda, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Mini are the foreign automotive companies or brands that manufacture and market their products in India.

• Audi India:A4,A6,Q5,Q7
• BMW India:3 Series,5 Series,X1,X3,X4,X5,X7
• BYD Auto:Atto 3,
• Citroën India:C3,C3 Aircross,C5 Aircross,ë-C3,Basalt
• Honda Cars India:Amaze,City,Elevate
• Hyundai Motor India:Grand i10 Nios,i20,Alcazar,Aura,Creta,Exter,Tucson,Venue,Verna
• Isuzu Motors India:D-Max
• Jaguar (subsidiary ofTata Motors):XE,XF
• Jeep:Compass,Grand Cherokee,Meridian,Wrangler
• Kia India:Carens,Seltos,Sonet,Syros
• Land Rover (subsidiary ofTata Motors):Range Rover,Range Rover Evoque,Range Rover Sport,Range Rover Velar
• Mercedes-Benz India:C-Class,E-Class,EQS,S-Class,V-Class,GLC,GLE
• Nissan Motor India:Magnite
• Renault India:Kiger,Kwid,Triber
• Škoda Auto India:Kushaq,Kodiaq,Slavia,Kylaq
• Toyota Kirloskar Motor:Innova Crysta,Innova HyCross,Fortuner,Camry,Glanza,Rumion,Urban Cruiser Hyryder,Hilux,Urban Cruiser Taisor
• Volkswagen India:Virtus,Taigun,Tiguan
• Volvo Cars:S90,XC40,XC90

• Peugeot stopped selling passenger cars in India in 1997.
• Daewoo Motors stopped selling passenger cars in India in 2003.
• Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2013, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle owners.
• General Motors India stopped producingChevrolet passenger cars for the Indian market in late 2017.
• Fiat left the Indian market in 2018.
• Mitsubishi Motors stopped selling passenger cars in India in the late 2010s.
• Ford India stopped producing passenger cars for the Indian market in late 2021.
• Nissan stopped sellingDatsun passenger cars in India in 2022.

2022 passenger car sales data^[121]

Rank	OEM	2022 sales	Share	2021 sales	Share
1	Maruti Suzuki	1,576,026	41.6%	1,364,788	44.4%
2	Hyundai	552,511	14.6%	505,033	16.4%
3	Tata Motors	526,821	13.9%	331,182	10.8%
4	Mahindra	333,054	8.8%	201,454	6.5%
5	Kia	254,556	6.7%	181,543	5.9%
6	Toyota	160,375	4.2%	130,749	4.2%
7	Honda	95,022	2.5%	89,153	2.9%
8	Renault	87,118	2.3%	95,878	3.1%
9	Škoda	53,721	1.4%	23,849	0.8%
10	MG Motor	48,063	1.3%	40,273	1.3%
11	Volkswagen	42,452	1.1%	26,930	0.9%
12	Nissan	34,565	1.2%	35,956	0.9%
13	Jeep	13,499	0.4%	11,863	0.4%
14	Citroën	6,066	0.2%	624	0.0%
15	Datsun	512	0.0%	4,296	0.1%

• Atul Auto
• Bajaj Auto
• Eicher Motors
• Force Motors
• Hero MotoCorp
• Hindustan Motors
• Mahindra & Mahindra
• Omega Seiki Mobility
• Royal Enfield
• Tara International
• Tata Motors
• TVS Motor Company

• Ashok Leyland^[122] - originally a JV betweenAshok Motors (owned by theHinduja Group) andLeyland Motors, now joint ventures between Ashok Leyland andNissan Motors (Japan) for LCV's; andJohn Deere (USA) for construction equipment.^[123]
• KamAZ Vectra^[124] - A JV between Russia'sKamAZ and the Vectra Group
• MAN Force - A JV betweenForce Motors andMAN AG (Germany)
• SML Isuzu - originally, asSwaraj Mazda, a JV between Punjab Tractors andMazda, now 53.5% owned bySumitomo Group and with its current name since 2011.^[125]
• VE Commercial Vehicles Limited^[126] - VE Commercial Vehicles limited - A JV between Volvo Group and Eicher Motors Limited.

• BharatBenz (Owned byDaimler AG ofGermany and affiliated with Daimler'sFuso andMercedes-Benz brands)^[127]
• Caterpillar Inc.^[128]
• DAF^[129]
• Isuzu^[130]
• Iveco^[131]
• J. C. Bamford (JCB) (Owned by British multinational corporationJ. C. Bamford).
• KamAZ
• Maruti Suzuki
• Mercedes-Benz^[132] - manufactures luxury coaches in India.
• Piaggio^[133]
• Rosenbauer^[134]
• Scania^[135]
• Tatra^[136]
• Volvo^[137]

• Automobile Products of India or API - founded in 1949 atBombay (now Mumbai), by the British companyRootes Group,^[138] and later bought byM. A. Chidambaram of the MAC Group fromMadras (now Chennai).^[138] The company manufacturedLambretta scooters, API Three Wheelers under licence fromInnocenti ofItaly and automobile ancillaries, notably clutch and braking systems. API's registered offices were earlier inMumbai, later shifted toChennai, in Tamil Nadu. The manufacturing facilities were located inMumbai andAurangabad in Maharashtra and inAmbattur,Chennai.^[139] The company has not been operational since 2002.
• Escorts Yamaha - in 1984 Escorts formed a joint venture with Yamaha to manufacture motorcycles. In 2008, it becameIndia Yamaha Motor.
• Hero Motors is a formermoped andscooter manufacturer based inDelhi, India. It is a part of multinational companyHero Group, which also currently ownsHero Motocorp (formerlyHero Honda) andHero Cycles, among others. Hero Motors was started in the 1960s to manufacture 50cc two-stroke mopeds but gradually diversified into making larger mopeds, mokicks and scooters in the 1980s and the 1990s. Noteworthy collaborators and technical partners werePuch of Austria andMalaguti of Italy. Due to tightening emission regulations and poor sales, Hero motors have discontinued the manufacture of all gasoline powered vehicles and transformed itself into an electric two-wheeler and auto parts manufacturer.
• Ideal Jawa - motorcycle company based in Mysore, sold licensed Jawa and ČZ motorcycles beginning in 1960 under the brand name Jawa and later Yezdi.
• Kinetic Honda - a joint venture betweenKinetic Engineering Limited, India andHonda Motor Company, Japan. The joint venture operated during 1984 - 1998, manufacturing 2-strokescooters in India. In 1998, the joint venture was terminated after whichKinetic Engineering continued to sell the models under the brand nameKinetic until 2008^[140] when the interests were sold toMahindra.
• Mopeds India Limited - produces the Suvega range ofMopeds under technical collaboration withMotobécane ofFrance.
• Standard - produced by Standard Motor Products inMadras from 1949 to 1988. Indian Standards were variations of vehicles made in the U.K. byStandard-Triumph.Standard Motor Products of India Ltd. (SMPI) was incorporated in 1948,^[141] and their first product was theVanguard, which began to be assembled in 1949. The company was dissolved in 2006 and the old plant torn down.
• Tatra Vectra - Initial truck partnership with India by Vectra. Replaced by KamAZ. Tatra trucks for sale in India are now manufactured in collaboration withBharat Earth Movers Limited.
• AMW^[142]

During April 2012, the Indian government planned to unveil the road map for the development of domestic electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country.^[143] A discussion between the various stakeholders, including Government, industry, and academia, was expected to take place during 23–24 February.^[143] The final contours of the policy would have been formed after this set of discussions. Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport, and Power are involved in developing a broad framework for the sector. Along with these ministries, auto industry executives, such asAnand Mahindra (Vice Chairman and managing director, Mahindra & Mahindra) and Vikram Kirloskar (Vice-chairman, Toyota Kirloskar), were involved in this task.^[143] The Government has also proposed to set up a Rs 740 crore research and development fund for the sector in the 12th five-year plan during 2012–17.^[143] The idea is to reduce the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and electric motor, and to develop such capabilities locally. In the year 2017, AnAmaravati,Andhra Pradesh based Electric Vehicles manufacturing company called AVERA^[144] New & Renewable Energy started electric scooters manufacturing^[145] and are ready to launch their two models of scooters by the end of December 2018.^[146]

Electric cars are seen as economical long-term investments, as one doesn't need to purchase gas, but needs only to recharge the battery, using renewable energy sources. According to theUnited States Department of Energy, electric cars produce half as much CO₂ emissions as compared to a gas-powered car.^[147] According toThe Economic Times, 60% of Indian customers expect fuel prices to go up in the next 12 months and 58% expect to buy a new car in the same time frame. Most consumers are looking to buy a car which gives good mileage. According to the same source, 68% of Asian drivers expect higher mileage from their cars due to the higher fuel prices. This has encouraged 38% of Indian automobile consumers to switch to electric or hybrid cars.^[148] Due to this change in the market, many companies, such as Toyota, have planned to introduce electric vehicles in India; and Suzuki has tested almost 50 electric prototypes in India already, according toMashable.In 2019, Hyundai launched India's first electric car, the Kona Electric .^[149]

• Ather Energy (plug-in electric scooter)
• Ajanta Group^[150]
• Bajaj Auto (autorickshaw, Scooter, LCV)
• Hero Electric^[151] (battery electric Scooter)
• Hyundai (cars)
• Mahindra^[152] (cars)
• MG Motor^[153] (cars)
• Tara International^[154]
• Omega Seiki Mobility (3-wheelers)
• Tata Motors^[155] (cars, LCV)
• TVS Motor Company (plug-in electric scooter)
• Ola Electric (plug-in electric scooter)
• Okinawa Autotech (battery electric scooter)
• Euler Motors^[156]
• EKA Mobility (EKAM)^[157] (electric bus)

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(September 2021)

TheGovernment of India felt the need for a permanent agency to expedite the publication of standards and development of test facilities^[158] in parallel with the work of the preparation of the standards - as the development of improved safety critical parts could be undertaken only after the publication of the standard and commissioning of test facilities. TheMinistry of Surface Transport (MoST) constituted a permanentAutomotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC) . The Standards prepared by AISC will be approved by the permanent CMVR Technical Standing Committee (CTSC). After approval, theAutomotive Research Association of India (ARAI)^[159] will publish this standard.^{[citation needed]}

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are globally proven systems to optimize the utilization of existing transport infrastructure and improve transportation systems in terms of efficiency, quality, comfort and safety. Having realized the potential of ITS, Government bodies and other organizations in India are presently working towards implementing various components of ITS across the country.^{[citation needed]}

The first step taken for creation and implementation of ITS was holding a National Workshop titled "User Requirements for Interactive ITS Architecture",^[160] which was conducted as a collaboration between SIAM and ASRTU on 26 & 27 February 2015. This was primarily focused on ITS inPublic Bus Transportation. Nonetheless, the workshop helped to create the outline for "National Intelligent Transport System Architecture and Policy for Public Transport (Bus)", which was submitted by ASRTU and SIAM to the government^{[citation needed]}

In the 44th & 45th CMVR-TSC, Chairman had directed - standardization activities to be initiated on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) -Vehicle Location Tracking,Camera Surveillance System andEmergency Request Button. The committee intended to extend the above user requirements to all public transportation namely –buses, taxis, etc. The current document covers the requirements for Vehicle Location Tracking and Emergency Button. The other ITS components like PIS, CCTV system, Fare collection etc. are deliberated and would be addressed in later phase and could be added as separate parts to the current document.^{[citation needed]}

Based on these directions, the AISC Panel on ITS has prepared this AIS-140 titled,"Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) - Requirements forPublic Transport Vehicle Operation". The panel also deliberated and identified the necessary elements for an effective implementation of vehicle level ITS system.^{[citation needed]}

For AIS-140 Devices, inIndia, connectivity to report location, and EmergencyPanic Button signal is though wirelesscellular connectivity. There are device focused Cellular Connectivity Offerings like 'eSIM4Things^[161]' available in India, which cater to connectivity requirements of AIS-140 devices.^[162] eSIM4Things^[161] is fully compatible with all AIS-140 devices and with a connectivity manager and a range of tariff plans.

While there is controversy on possibility of driverless cars in India,^[163][164] many startups are working on this technology.^[165]

In Auto Expo 2018, Hi Tech Robotic Systemz launched an artificial intelligence-based driver behaviour sensor technology called Novus Aware in partnership withDaimler India Commercial Vehicles (DICV).^[166][167]

Automotive sector is part of 13 sectors that GoI has introduced Rs 1.97 lakh cr (US$28 b)performance-linked incentives (PLI) schemes for five years in 2021-22 budget.^[168] In Sept 2021, to boost the automotive industry with the newer and green technology theGovernment of India (GoI) launched 3 PLI schemes, a Rs. 26,000 cr (US$3.61 b) scheme for production ofelectric vehicles andhydrogen fuel vehicles (PEVHV), the Rs 18,000 crore (US$2.5 b)"Advanced Chemistry Cell" (ACC) scheme for new generation advance storage technologies which are useful for the electric vehicles, and Rs 10,000 crore (US$1.4 b)"Faster Adaption of Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles" (FAME) scheme to go green by expediting production of more electronic vehicles and replacement of other types of existing vehicles with the greener vehicles.^[169] The Rs. 26,000 cr (US$3.61 b) PLI scheme to boost automotive sector to boost the production of electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel vehicles will also generate 750,000 direct jobs in auto sector.^[168] These schemes will reduce pollution, climate change, carbon footprint, reduce oil and fuel import bill through domestic alternative substitution, boost job creation and economy.^[169]Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers welcomed this as it will enhance the competitiveness and boost growth.^[168]

• Automobile industry
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