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| Army of Occupation Medal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Service medal |
| Awarded for | 30 or more consecutive days of duty in one of the occupied territories after World War II.[1] |
| Presented by | Department of War (laterDepartment of the Army andDepartment of the Air Force) |
| Eligibility | Personnel of the United States Army and United States Air Force |
| Clasps | Germany Japan |
| Status | Inactive |
| Established | 5 April 1946[2] |
| First award | 2 April 1947[2] |
| Final award | 2 October 1990 |
  | |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | World War II Victory Medal |
| Equivalent | Navy Occupation Service Medal |
| Next (lower) | Medal for Humane Action |
TheArmy of Occupation Medal was amilitary award of theUnited States military which was established by theUnited States War Department on 5 April 1946.[2] The medal was created in the aftermath of theSecond World War to recognize those who had performed occupation service in eitherGermany, Italy,Austria,Japan orKorea.[3] The original Army of Occupation Medal was intended only for members of theUnited States Army, but was expanded in 1948 to encompass theUnited States Air Force shortly after that service's creation. TheNavy andMarine equivalent of the Army of Occupation Medal is theNavy Occupation Service Medal, which features the same ribbon with its own medallion and clasps.
Although authorized in 1946, it was not until 1947 that the first Army of Occupation Medals were distributed. The first medal was presented toGeneral of the ArmyDwight D. Eisenhower, who had been theSupreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Commander during World War II.[2]
Because of the legal status ofWest Berlin as an occupied territory, the Army of Occupation Medal was issued for forty-five years until the unification of Germany in 1990, making it one of the longest active military awards of both theSecond World War and theCold War.
In addition, some recipients of the award were born two generations after the end of the conflict which the medal was designed to represent. Much like theNational Defense Service Medal, the Army of Occupation Medal has come to be considered a "multi-generational" award.
Although 30 days in West Berlin was a requirement for issuing the award, it was not unusual for supply sergeants to issue it along with other unit insignia and equipment. If the soldier questioned it, he would be told "You aren't going anywhere for 30 days! Just wait to put it on your uniform."
To be awarded the Army of Occupation Medal, a service member was required to have performed at least thirty consecutive days of military duty within a designated geographical area of military occupation. The Army of Occupation Medal was presented with acampaign clasp, denoting either European or Asian service, depending on the region in which occupation service had been performed. Campaign clasps were worn on the full-sized medal only with no corresponding device when wearing the Army of Occupation Medal as a ribbon on a military uniform.[4]
In addition to the Germany clasp, for those service members who performed 92 consecutive days of military duty during theBerlin Airlift in 1948 and 1949, theBerlin Airlift Device is authorized as a device to the Army of Occupation Medal.[5] (If further eligible, persons could also be awarded theMedal for Humane Action.)
The medal isbronze measuring 1.25 inches across. On the obverse, are the abutments of theRemagen Bridge with the words "ARMY OF OCCUPATION" inscribed above. On the reverse, isMount Fuji with a low-hanging cloud over two Japanesejunks above a wave and the inscribed date "1945". A bronze clasp 0.125 inches wide and 1.5 inches in length with the word "GERMANY" or "JAPAN" is worn on the suspension ribbon of the medal to indicate service in Europe or the Far East. The ribbon is 1.375 inches wide with two thin white stripes at the edges and two thicker stripes in the middle, the first being black and the second in scarlet.[2] A myth was that if a soldier served in Germany the ribbon's black band was worn to his right and if in Japan the red was to his right. The only approved display was for the black band to be to the wearer's right.
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United States campaign, expeditionary, and service medals | |
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| 1862–1906 | |
| 1905–1921 | |
| 1911–1941 | |
| 1936–1945 | |
| 1942–1949 | |
| 1953–1999 |
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| 2003–present | |
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