1950s British turbojet aircraft engine
TheArmstrong Siddeley Viper is a British turbojet engine developed and produced byArmstrong Siddeley and then by its successor companiesBristol Siddeley andRolls-Royce Limited . It entered service in 1953 and remained in use with theRoyal Air Force , powering itsDominie T1 navigation training aircraft until January 2011.[ 1]
Design and development [ edit ] The design originally featured a seven-stage compressor based on theirAdder engine — the Viper is in effect a large-scale Adder.
Like the similarJ85 built in United States, the Viper was originally developed as an expendable engine for production versions of theJindivik target drone. Like the J85, the limited-life components and total-loss oil systems were replaced with standard systems for use in crewed aircraft.[ 2]
Because it was initially developed as an expendable engine, the Viper was subject to many recurring maintenance issues. This led to the development of the firstPower by the Hour program in which operators would pay a fixed hourly rate to Bristol Siddeley for the continual maintenance of the engines.[ 3]
In the 1970s, TurbomecanicaBucharest and OraoSarajevo acquired the license for the Viper engine, which propelled various Romanian and Yugoslav built aircraft.[ 4] [ 5]
Rolls-Royce Viper in RAF Museum Cosford Data from: Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56,[ 6] [ 7] [ 8]
ASV.1 Short life design study; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN). ASV.2 Developed short life version, first run in April 1951; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN). ASV.3 (Mk.100) Short life for missile/target applications, flight-tested in the tail of anAvro Lancaster November 1952; 1,640 lbf (7.30 kN). ASV.4 Short life for missile/target applications first run in 1952, 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN). ASV.5 (Mk. 101) Extended life version for crewed aircraft.[ 6] ASV.6 Short life for missile/target applications; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN). ASV.7 ASV.7/R ASV.7 with re-heat; 2,470 lbf (10.99 kN). ASV.8 (became Viper 8 and Mk.102); Long-life version rated at 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN) for Jet Provost T Mk.3. ASV.9 (became Viper 9 and Mk.103) Similar to ASV.8 with improved turbine materials; 2,000 lbf (8.90 kN). ASV.10 Long-life version with re-designed Sapphire-style compressor first run in January 1956; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN). ASV.11 (became Viper 11 and Mk.200) ASV.10 with increased mass-flow; 2,500 lbf (11.12 kN). ASV.12 (became Viper 12) up-rated ASV.11 with higher JPT and rated at 2,700 lbf (12.01 kN) Viper 8 (Mk.102 / Mk.104): Engines for theHunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.3 (Mk.102) andGAF Jindivik Mk.102B target drone (Mk.104). Viper 9 (Mk.103): Powered theBell X-14 andHandley Page HP 115 among others. Viper 11 (Mk.200): Powered theHunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.4 (Mk202) andGAF Jindivik Mk.3 among others. Viper 12 see ASV.12 above Viper 20 (Mk.500 series): Powered theHawker Siddeley HS.125 andPiaggio-Douglas PD.808 among others. Viper 22 Built under licence byPiaggio for theAermacchi MB.326 Mk.100 see ASV.3 above Mk.101 see ASV.5 above Mk.102 see ASV.8 above Mk.103 see ASV.9 and Viper 9 above Mk.104 see ASV.12 above Mk.200 see Viper 11 above Mk.201 Mk.202 see Viper 11 above Mk.204 Mk.301 Mk.521 Mk.522 Mk.525 Mk.601 Mk.632 Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the non-afterburning engine for theIAR-93 Vultur A/MB versions,Soko J-22 Orao 1 version,IAR-99 Standard/Șoim versions, andSoko G-4 Super Galeb . Mk.633 Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the afterburning engine for theIAR-93 Vultur B version, andSoko J-22 Orao 2 version. M.D.30 Viper Engines licence-built and developed byDassault Aviation [ 6] [ 9] M.D.30R Viper 2,200 lbf (9.8 kN) with afterburner.[ 10] [ edit ] Data from [ 11]
General characteristics Type: Turbojet Length: 64.0 in (1,625 mm)Diameter: 24.55 in (624 mm)Dry weight: 549 lb (249 kg)
Components Compressor: Seven stage axialCombustors :Turbine :Fuel type: AVTUR, AVTAGOil system: scavenge, metered
Performance Related development
Comparable engines
Related lists
^ Dominie T1 Archived 3 March 2016 at theWayback Machine www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved: 14 October 2009^ Gunston 1989, p.20. ^ "Selling the DH125" . Flight Global.^ About Turbomecanica ^ INCAS - IAR 93 and SOKO /VTJ - J - ORAO Specifications ^a b c Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1955).Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56 . London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd. ^ Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1959).Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1959-60 . London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. ^ Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962).Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63 . London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd. ^ Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957).Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 186– 187. ^ Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957).Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 188– 189. ^ Flight Global Archive - 1955 Retrieved: 3 November 2008Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962).Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63 . London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd. Gunston, Bill.World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines . Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989.ISBN 1-85260-163-9 Smith, Tom. "Expendable to Indispensable: The Story of a Classic Turbojet - The Viper".Air Enthusiast , No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 37–55.ISSN 0143-5450
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