Armenian wine iswine made inArmenia and the Armenian-populatedRepublic of Artsakh, in the region ofSouth Caucasus. Armenia is one of the oldestwine producing regions of the world. In particular, the oldest known winery,Areni-1 winery, was found in Armenia's Areni region, which is still known for its wine production and endemic grapes.
Celebration of the holiday Khaghoghorhneq atEtchmiadzin, near the gate of Saint Gregory and the open-air altarAreni-1 cave entranceUrartian wine pottery
Since ancient daysArmenia has been famous for its wine-making traditions which are still kept in practice to this day. The ancient winery found in the Areni cave dates back to 4100 BC (seeAreni-1 winery), and is the oldest one in the world found to this date, with the grape seeds found shown by genetic analyses to be those of the already domesticatedVitis vinifera. The written recorded history of Armenian wine can trace its roots back to 401–400 BC, when theGreek armies led byXenophon passed through Armenian lands and were reportedly treated with wine and beer. These beverages were prepared and stored in "karases" (clay pots). Archaeological excavations carried out by academic Pyatrovski in the 19th and 20th centuries have confirmed that in the 9th century BC, what is modern-day Yerevan was a wine-making centre. Archaeologists have also found wine storehouses with 480karases in theTeishebaini fortress located inYerevan. Each karas can reportedly hold up to 37,000 daL of wine. Excavation works in both theKarmir Blur andErebuni sites uncovered a total of 10 wine storehouses holding 200 karases. These excavations proved Armenia's ancient wine-making culture. A 3rd to 1st century BCE wine press was discovered near Armenia’s old capitalsArmavir andDvin, and another was discovered near the ruins of the fortress of Garni which was used as the summer residence ofpagan, as well as ChristianArmenian kings.[4] In Armenia, many holidays, like the water festivalVardavar or the grape blessing festivalKhaghoghorhneq[5] have their roots in pagan rituals. According toChristian tradition,Jesus Christ shed his life-giving blood, represented duringChristian holidays by wine, for the cleansing of the sins of mankind. That is why on Armeniancross-stones, the cross is carved as the tree of life, also called the blooming cross, symbolizing the grape vine or apomegranate tree. Grapes and pomegranates are also frequently used to decorate cross stones, and are used as ornaments decorating the walls of churches, symbolizing eternity and rebirth. Carvings onArmenian churches and cross-stones, as well as paintings in manuscripts, show what importance grapes andwine had in medievalArmenian culture. Door frames of churches and the edges of cross-stones often depict embroidered ornaments which look like intertwined grape wines, representing theGarden of Eden.[6]
As part of theSoviet Union, wine production increased nine times between 1940 and 1985, whilebrandy production increased seventeen times, and from 1960 to 1986, the production of sparkling wines increased 10 times. In the 1980s Armenia annually processed an average of about 210 thousand tons of grapes from which it received 14–15 million decalitres ofwine. Two million were used in producing brandy; the remaining part was used for wine making. During the 1980s Armenia provided 25% of brandy made in the entireSoviet Union. Three quarters of released production was exported mainly to Russia. Many people today still utilise the same methods used three millennials ago, processing grapes and receive wine in special premises. Nowadays most factories inArmenia use oak barrels to store wine, however many villages and smaller producers still use the traditional karases. Karases are traditionally made out of Armenian oak, thus giving the karases a pinkish color. Wines from localArmenian grades of grapes adjoining to the surface of the barrels from the Armenianoak, give rise to unique a bouquet. This unique combination is very difficult to the point of being almost impossible to reproduce in any other country of the world.[7]
The fertile valleys of theSouth Caucasus, which Armenia finds itself in, are believed by manyarchaeologists[who?] to be the source of the world's first cultivatedgrapevines andneolithic wine production, over 6100 years ago.[8] Armenian wine played an important role in the history of wine, and it has been suggested that the domestication of the Eurasian grape first occurred inthe mountainous regions of Armenia before moving to the south.[9]During all this time they never stopped making wine. They were one of the main wine producers in the Soviet Union and have since started exporting their wine worldwide. Armenian wine spread to Africa. During theArmenian genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire during World War I, some Armenians fled to Ethiopia, where they cultivated vineyards. Many Armenian reds are very sweet and rich..[10]During periods of Islamic rule, Armenians were the suppliers of alcoholic beverages, such as wine, to the Muslims, who were not allowed to distill alcohol.[citation needed]
Gandzak wine
In 2011 archaeologists in Armenia announced the discovery ofthe world's oldest-known wine production facility. Located in theAreni cave complex, it consists of a shallow basin used to press grapes, a vat for storage, and fermentation jars. They also found grape seeds, remains ofpressed grapes, and dozens of dried vines. The seeds were fromVitis vinifera, a grape still used to make wine.[11] The cave remains date to about 4100 BC – 900 years before the earliest comparable wine remains, found in Egyptian tombs.[12][13] ArchaeologistGregory Areshian ofUCLA says, "The site gives us a new insight into the earliest phase of horticulture—how they grew the first orchards and vineyards."[14]
Gregory Areshian, co-director of the excavation and assistant director of the University of California Los Angeles's Cotsen Institute of Archaeology stated that "It's the oldest proven case of documented and dedicated wine production, stretching back the horizons of this important development by thousands of years,"[15]
Grape harvest in theArmenian SSR depicted on a 1950 Soviet stamp.
During theSoviet Union, specifically during 1930 and 1970, winemaking studies were developed specifically for thesherry type.[16] The production of sherry type wines had a significant role in the development of viticultural technologies of the Soviet Union. In the regions of the former USSR, sherry type wines were produced inCrimea,Moldova,Kazakhstan,Krasnodar,Rostov, andArmenia.[17] Many scientific sources indicate that during the Soviet Union the production of sherry type wines was mainly focused in Armenia.[18]The production of sherry wine in Armenia was established by N.N. Prostoserdov and R.L. Afrikyan, two prominentSovietoenologists. In 1931 Prostoserdov and Afrikyan discovered that non-hermetic karases (Armenian clay amphorae) producepellicles. The reason for the formation of pellicles on the surface of the wine was found to be the Sacch.cheresiensis armeniensisyeast similar to those found in Spanish wines. This discovery thus proved that sherry yeast can be found not only in Spanish but also in wines of other countries.
Armenian sherry type wines are made from the Voskehat (Kharji) and Chilar ingenious grape varieties. Armenian sherry was considered a high quality wine and was second in volume of production after Armenianbrandy production.Ashtarak was the first sherry type wine produced in Soviet Armenia. It was produced by the Ashtarak Wine Factory, subdivisions of which were situated inOshakan and villageVoskevaz.
A large number wineries and vineyards are found throughout the provinces of Armenia.Here is a list of wineries/distilleries/producers of alcoholic drinks, classified by the provinces of Armenia:
The wine produced in Aragatsotn is mainly from the vineyards located to the south of theAragats and Arteni mountains. The village of Voskevaz has an ancient history of wine-making. Many karases were found in the nearby church ofSurp Hovhannes, dating back to the 7th century.[19]
Voskevaz Winery, opened in 1932 inVoskevaz.[20] The winery produces a variety of wine, mainly under the brands Vanakan, Voskevaz, Urzana, Voskehat, Voskevaz Areni Noir, and Chateau Voskevaz. The winery's Voskevaz Areni Noir red dry wine was awarded gold medal at the Mundus Vini 18th Grand International Wine Award, took place inGermany.[21]
ArmAs Winery, opened in 2007 inNor Yedesia.[22] The winery produces a variety of Areni wine under the brand ArmAs.
Armenia Wine Winery, opened in 2008 inSasunik.[23] The factory produces wine under the brands Tariri, Takar and Armenia. It also produces the Armenia Champagne.
Hayasy Group, opened in 2011 inVoskevaz.[24] The winery produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brand Hayasy. It also produces the Hayasy Vodka.
Wine House Winery, opened in 2011 inAghdzk.[25] The winery produces a variety of wine under the brands Sarduri and Old Wine.
Van Ardi Winery, opened in 2013 in Sasunik.[26] The winery produces a variety of wine under the brand Van Ardi.
Vineyards of ArtashatWine cellars of Shahumyan-Vin Winery
The wine produced in Ararat is mainly from the vineyards of theArarat plain.
Aregak Brandy Factory, opened in 1889 inDalar. The factory produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brands Aregak and Arvest.
Ararat Wine Factory, opened in 1903 inArarat village. The factory produces a variety of cognac (Vershina Armenia, Strana Kamney, Stariy Kupazh, etc.), wine (Areni and Saperavi), fruit wine and champagne.
Artashat Vincon Winery, opened in 1905 inMkhchyan.[27] Cognac is produced mainly under the brands Artashat, Argami, and Artavazd.
Ararat Cognac Factory AKZ, opened in 1932 inAvshar.[28] The factory produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brands Grand Sargis, Ariné, Legend of Armenia, etc. It also produces a variety of fruit brandy and fruit wine.
Vedi Alco Winery, opened in 1956 inGinevet. The winery produces a variety of wine derived from the grapes ofAreni,Kagor,Muscat andSaperavi, with the most notable brands being Yerevantsi, Getap Vernashen, Hayq, Khoran and Vivat Armenia. Vodka brands of Vedi include Afisha, Senator, and Leader. Cognac brands of Vedi include Duduk and Araks. The winery also produces fruit brandy, fruit vodka andfruit wine.
Avshar Wine Factory, opened in 1968 inAvshar.[29] The factory has a variety of Armenian cognac brands, including Avshar, Erivan, Gladzor, Ardvin, Marmara, Tigris, etc. The winner produces the Imperskaya white vodka and a variety of fruit vodka as well.
Yeraskh Wine Factory, opened in 1970 inYeraskh. The winery produces a variety of wine, cognac and fruit vodka.
Van 777 Winery, opened in 1992 inTaperakan.[30] Cognac is produced under the Arnak and Airen brands, while the wine variety is produced under the brand Tushpa.
Agatat-Gold Winery, opened in 2007 inNor Kyurin.[31] The winery produces a variety of Armenian cognac with the main brands being Old Kilikia, Arseni, and Artashavan. Wine, vodka and fruit vodka are also produced under the brand Kilikia.
Shato Arno Winery, opened in 2002 inAyntap. The winery produces a variety of Armenian cognac including Shato Arno, Armiansky Standard and Armianskoe Zoloto. A variety of Kakheti, Kharji, Areni and Muskat wine is also produced by the winery under the brand Arzakan.
Mrganush Brandy Factory, opened in 2002 inMrganush.[32] Cognac is produced under the brand Mrganush. Vodka and fruit vodka are produced under the brand Abri.
Tavinko Winery, opened in 2006 inTaperakan.[33] The company produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brands Amaras, Karot, Maré, etc. A variety of wine is also produced by the winery.
Shahumyan-Vin Winery, opened in 2006 inShahumyan.[34] A variety of wine, cognac and vodka is produced by the winery.
Shaumyan Alco opened in 2007 inArtashat. The company produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brand Grand Nariné. The winery produces a variety of fruit vodka as well.[35]
Sis Alco Distillery, opened in 2007 inHayanist. Vodka and fruit vodka is produced by the distillery.
Abrikon Distillery, opened in 2010 inArarat village.[36] The company produces a variety of apricot vodka and apricot brandy under the brand Abrikon.
The ancient city ofArgishtikhinili located within the territories of Ararat province, was a major centre for wine production. Large storage areas for wine and grains were found by archaeologists within the fortifications of the ancient town dating back to the 8th century BC.[37] The wine produced in Armavir is mainly from the vineyards of theArarat plain.
Yeghvard Wine-Brandy Factory, opened in 1966 inYeghvard. The company produces a variety of wine and Armenian cognac.
Samcon Brandy Factory, opened in 1998 inAbovyan. The company has a collection of Armenian cognac under the brands Ti Aspetto, Karin, and Shushi.[42]
Byuregh Alco Winery, opened in 1996 inByureghavan. The winery produces a variety of vodka under the brands Champion, Byuregh, Marshal, etc. The company also produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brands Harutyun, and Ishkhan. Wine is also produced under the brands Znaberd, Arshaluys, Karmir, etc.[43]
Ptghni Gold Winery, opened in 1996 inPtghni. The company produces a variety of wine and liquor.
Glanzh Alco Winery, opened in 2003 inAramus.[44] The winery produces a variety of Armenian cognac under the brands Glanzh, Manazkert, and Arse. It also produces a variety of Kagor, Areni, Muskat, Saperavi and Voskehat wine as well as pomegranate wine.
Rukar Group for vodka and calvados, opened in 2010 inVerin Ptghni.[45] The company produces fruit vodka under the brands Tet-A-tet, Shivini, and Dlya Druzey. It also producescalvados under the brand Carvani.
Shahnazaryan Wine-Brandy House, opened in 2011 inYeghvard. The winery produces a variety of cognac under the brands Armyanski Cognac, Gayaso, Zhemchuzhina Armeniy, Shanazaryan, etc. It also produces vodka and wine.[46]
Helias Vineyards, opened in 2013 inDzoraghbyur. The winery produces the Helias Roubin red dry wine, the Helias Pearl white dry wine, and the Helias Reserve red dry wine.[47]
The wine produced in Tavush is mainly from the vineyards of theAghstev river valley. Modernviticulture in the Tavush region has been developed since the 1950s. However, the Ijevan winery is particularly famous for its pomegranate wine.[51]
Berdavan Wine Factory, opened in 1946 inBerdavan. The factory produces a variety of wine, fruit wine and fruit vodka.
Ijevan Wine-Brandy Factory, opened in 1951 inIjevan. The factory produces a large number of well-known wine brands including Sargon, Ijevan, and Khachkar. The factory also produces a variety of Armenian cognac including King Abgar, Nemrut, Arqa, Vanuhi and Old Ijevan.
Vayots Dzor is one of the ancient regions that produce wine in the Caucasus. The wine produced from the Vayots Dzor vineyards – particularly from the region ofAreni – is known asAreni wine.[52] Vayots Dzor is home to the annualAreni wine festival launched in 2009.[53]
Areni Wine Factory, opened in 1994 inAreni. A variety of red Areni is produced by the winery under the brands Vayots Dzor, Lernashen, and St. Etchmiadzin.
Zorah Wines vineyards
Old Bridge Winery, opened in 1998 inYeghegnadzor.[54] The company produces a variety of red Areni and white Voskehat wine under the brand Old Bridge.
Getnatoun Winery, opened in 1999 in Yeghegnadzor.[55] The winery produces a variety of wine under the brands Getnatoun, Vernasehn, Nariné, and Elen.
Vayk Group Winery, opened in 2000 inVayk. The winery produces wine under the brands Zakaré, Areni Vayk, and Lusiné.[56] Apricot Vodka is also produced by the winery.[57]
Matevosyan Wine, opened in 2001 inAghavnadzor.[58] The winery produces the Matevosyan Wine of the Areni grapes, as well as the Matevosyan Pomegranate Wine.
Zorah Wines, opened in 2001 inRind.[59] The winery produces Areni wine under the brands Karasi, Voski, and Yereaz. The company's2010 Zorah Karasi Areni Noir was ranked in the 2012 Bloomberg's top 10 list.[60][61]
Areni Wine Winery, opened in 2003 in Areni. The winery produces red Areni under the brands Areni Wine and Areni Country, as well as white Areni under the brand Sun Areni.
Hin Areni Winery
Areni Vineyards, opened in 2007 in Areni.[62] The winery produces a variety of red Areni and white Voskehat wine under the brand Hin Areni.Their brands are Trinity Eh, 6100, Ancestors' and Crossroads. The Trinity Ancestors is a natural red andamber wine.
Archaeological excavations carried out by Pyatrovski in the 19th and 20th centuries have confirmed that in the area of modern-day Yerevan was a wine making and producing region as early as the 9th century BC. In theUrartian fortress ofTeishebaini near Yerevan, archaeologists found a wine storehouse with 480karases (wine potteries), which hold 37,000 daL of wine. During excavations in the most ancient settlements of Erebuni/Yerevan, including theKarmir Blur site and theErebuni Fortress of 782 BC, archaeologists found 10 wine storehouses in which more than 200karases were kept.
Yerevan Brandy Company, opened in 1887 in Yerevan.[64] The company produces a series of Armenian cognac known asArArAt, including Erebuni, Nairi, Tonakan, Vaspurakan, etc.
Yerevan Champagne, opened in 1939 in Yerevan.[65] The factory produces a large variety of wine, fruit wine, cognac, vodka and champagne. Main wine brands include Hayk Nahapet, Renaissance, Anna, and Lilit. Armenian cognac is produced under the brands Pride of Armenia, Voske Dar, Frans, Naré, and Trdat. Vodka brands include Mujik and Russkaya Nakhodka. Semi dry, red sparkling, dry and semisweet champagne are all produced by the factory under the brandArmenian Champagne.
Armco Wine-Brandy Factory, opened in 1972 in Yerevan.[66] The factory produces the cognac brands of Mother Armenia, Evening Yerevan, and the Armco Brandy.
Proshyan Brandy Factory, opened in 1980 inYerevan. It produces a large variety of cognac, champagne, wine and vodka. The company's most famous brand is the Mané brandy.[67] Other famous cognac brands include Khent, Charents, Vardan Mamikonyan, King Pap, Queen Tamara, etc. The company also produces the Spitak Yerevan champagne, Partez and Proshyan wine, the vodka brands of Generalskaya, Kalina Krasnaya, Russa, and Alaska, along with the Hookup vodka cocktail.[68]
Maran Winery, opened in 1992 in Yerevan. A variety of wine is produced under the brands St. Anna, Zarm, Noravank, Bagratuni, and Arpa. Areni wine is produced under the brands Areni Maran, Areni Malishka and Areni Yeghegnadzor, whilePinot wine is produced as Avagini Rouge and Avagini Blanc. Pomegranate wine is produced as M. Parajanov, while apricot wine is branded as Maran Apricot. The winery also produces a variety of fruit vodka labeled as Bark.[69] The company's Bagratuni red dry wine received a bronze medal in the 2014 Decanter World Wine Awards.[70]
Arabkir Alco, opened in 2003 in Yerevan.[71] The distillery is the producer of Barov vodka, as well as fruit vodka under the brands Arabkir and Hin Arabkir.
Gevorkian Winery, opened in 2006 in Yerevan.[72] It is the producer of 365 Wines, Mi Tas Wine and Ariats Wine.
Alex Grig Alcohol Plant, opened in 2007.[73] The distillery produces a variety of vodka and ouzo. It also produces whiskey since 2014, under the brands Mac Alex and Mac Grant.
Astafian Wine-Brandy Factory, opened in 2008 in Yerevan.[74] The factory is the producer of the cognac brands Astafian, Aregi, and Hatis. The company also produces wine under the brands Villa Wine, Amor, and Artuyt. Vodka is also produced by the company under the brands Molière, Beli Gorod, and Molka.
Jerandevu Winery, opened in 2014. The winery is the producer of Qotot Wines.
Highland Cellars, opened in 2014. The company is the producer of Koor Wines.[75]
Arssi Alliance, opened in 2015 in Yerevan. The distillery is the producer of H2O, Godfather, and No Problem vodka brands.[76][77][78][79]
Kensatu Distillary, opened in 2017 in Yerevan. The distillery is the producer of the Kensatu vodka and fruit vodka brand.
Beroia Distillary, opened in 2017 in Yerevan. The distillery is the producer of the Beroiaarak and vodka brand.
Yerevan has also attracted foreign investment with the indo-armenian Yog Wines being opened in the year 2022.[80]
Artsakh is the 10th province of the historicKingdom of Armenia. The region is known for wine-making since ancient times, especially the southern part where the Artsakh vineyards are mainly found. It is home to the Sireni grape variety. The climate of the region combined with its fertile soil allows to produce a unique variety of grapes, at an average height of 800 meters abovesea level. Many wine karases (jugs) dating back to the 7th century, were found in the archaeological sites near the village ofTogh.
Stepanakert Brandy Factory, operating since 1931 inStepanakert with branches in Yerevan,Martuni andKarmir Shuka. The company produces a variety of cognac under the brandMadatoff, wine under the brandBerdashen, and fruit vodka under the brandKarabakh.[81]
Artsakh Brandy Company, opened in 1998 inAygestan village ofAskeran Region. The factory produces a variety of cognac under the brandArtsakh Ohanyan, fruit brandy under the brandArtsakh, wine under the brandArtsakh Shushi, and vodka under the brandOhanyan.[82]
Kataro Winery of Anush-1 Company, opened in 2010 inTogh village ofHadrut Region. The winery produces a variety of Sireni wine from the vineyards of Artsakh, under the brandKataro.[83]
Mika-Hadrut Winery, inHadrut,Hadrut Region, produces a variety of cognac, wine and vodka under the brandMika.
Aragil Winery, inShekher,Martuni Region, produces APRIS Wines. The winery produces a variety of Sireni and Gratiesti wines from the vineyards of Artsakh.[84]
Storica, founded in 2020, imports and distributes exclusively Armenian wine in the US.[87] Notable among its offerings is a rosé produced from the Areni grape.[88]
.JPG)
