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Antoinette Feuerwerker | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1912-11-24)24 November 1912 |
| Died | 10 February 2003(2003-02-10) (aged 90) |
| Nationality | France/Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Jurist and economist |
| Spouse | RabbiDavid Feuerwerker |
| Children | Atara, Natania, Elie, Hillel, Emmanuel, Benjamine |
Antoinette Feuerwerker (24 November 1912 – 10 February 2003) was aFrench jurist and an active fighter in theFrench Resistance during theSecond World War.
Antoinette (Antonia, Toni, Toibe Rochel) Gluck was born inAntwerp (Borgerhout),Belgium. She was the daughter of Pinchas Gluck-Friedman and Henia Shipper.
Her father was a direct descendant ofHasidic leaders going back to theMagidDov Ber of Mezeritch. DuringWorld War I, the family moved fromPoland toBelgium, and from there toSwitzerland where her three siblings,Rose Warfman, Hedwig [Heidi], andSalomon Gluck were born, then toGermany, and finally toFrance, where they became citizens. Feuerwerker studied at the Lycée des Pontonniers (now Lycée international des Pontonniers) inStrasbourg.
After herBaccalauréat, she studied law, a rarity in those days for a woman. One of her professors,René Capitant, became Minister of Education (1944–1945) in the Provisional Government and Minister of Justice (Attorney General) (1968–69) underCharles de Gaulle. She worked inRené Capitant's law firm. She graduated from business school (HEC).
With her family, she moved toParis, where she met David Feuerwerker, a youngrabbi. They married in November 1939, at the beginning ofWorld War II. David, deployed at theMaginot Line, had to obtain a special permit to attend the wedding. In June 1940, Feuerwerker moved toBrive-la-Gaillarde where her husband was the rabbi of three French Departments :Corrèze,Creuse, andLot. They joined theResistance movement "Combat" (the main Movement of the Résistance) to fight the Nazis.[1][2]
According toCombat, Feuerwerker actively participated in all the activities in the Résistance with her husband, Rabbi Feuerwerker, in particular recruiting liaison agents and distributing clandestine journals. Together withGermaine Ribière, who was later recognized as aRighteous Among the Nations, she organized the evacuation of young people hunted by the Nazis.[citation needed]
In the last months ofWorld War II, she hid in a Catholic convent with her baby daughter, Atara, surviving on potatoes and water. She was later hidden by Germaine Goblot, daughter of French philosopher Edmond Goblot. Her sister,Rose Warfman, who was deported toAuschwitz, survived. Her brother, a 29-year young physician, Dr.Salomon Gluck, was deported from France on the convoy 73, led toKaunas inLithuania andReval (Tallinn) inEstonia, never to return.
InNeuilly-sur-Seine she was given a stash of gold coins for safekeeping which she hid under her husband's bed, without his knowledge. The money was used to finance the operation of theAliyah Bet shipExodus.
After the war, they moved toLyon, where David Feuerwerker served aschief rabbi[3] (1944–46). From 1946–48 he was the rabbi of Neuilly-sur-Seine, outsideParis. From 1948–66, they lived in Paris, in theMarais district, where her husband became the rabbi of the Rue des Tournelles synagogue. Feuerwerker collaborated with her husband in his research on the emancipation of the Jews of France. In 1966, they settled inMontreal,Quebec, where Feuerwerker taught law and economics at the Collège Français.
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Feuerwerker and her husband had six children: Atara, Natania, Elie, Hillel, Emmanuel, and Benjamine. Her husband died on 20 June 1980. She moved toIsrael, where she spent the last three years of her life. She died on 10 February 2003, aged 90, and was buried in Sanhedria,Jerusalem, next to her husband.
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As a Combattante Volontaire de laRésistance (Voluntary Combatant of the Resistance), she received theFrench Liberation Medal. Later the French government awarded her thePalmes Académiques and theMédaille de la Santé Publique, for her contributions to public education and public health.