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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC names Antimony pentachloride Antimony(V) chloride | |||
| Other names Antimonic chloride Antimony perchloride | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) | |||
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.729 | ||
| EC Number |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
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| Properties | |||
| Cl5Sb | |||
| Molar mass | 299.01 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | colorless or reddish-yellow (fuming) liquid, oily | ||
| Odor | pungent, offensive | ||
| Density | 2.336 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1] 2.36 g/cm3 (25 °C)[2] | ||
| Melting point | 2.8 °C (37.0 °F; 275.9 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) decomposes from 106 °C[3] 79 °C (174 °F; 352 K) at 22 mmHg[1] 92 °C (198 °F; 365 K) at 30 mmHg[2] | ||
| reacts | |||
| Solubility | soluble inalcohol,HCl,tartaric acid,CHCl3,CS2,CCl4 | ||
| Solubility inselenium(IV) oxychloride | 62.97 g/100 g (25 °C) | ||
| Vapor pressure | 0.16 kPa (25 °C) 4 kPa (40 °C) 7.7 kPa (100 °C)[4] | ||
| −120.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) | 1.59255 | ||
| Viscosity | 2.034 cP (29.4 °C)[1] 1.91 cP (35 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| Trigonal bipyramidal | |||
| 0D | |||
| Thermochemistry[3] | |||
| 120.9 J/mol·K (gas) | |||
Std molar entropy(S⦵298) | 295 J/mol·K | ||
Std enthalpy of formation(ΔfH⦵298) | −437.2 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy(ΔfG⦵) | −345.35 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Inhalation hazards | Toxic | ||
| GHS labelling:[2] | |||
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| Danger | |||
| H314,H411 | |||
| P273,P280,P305+P351+P338,P310 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 77 °C (171 °F; 350 K) | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) | 1115 mg/kg, (rat, oral)[3] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) | TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[5] | ||
REL (Recommended) | TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[5] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Otheranions | Antimony pentafluoride | ||
Othercations | Phosphorus pentachloride | ||
Related compounds | Antimony trichloride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolvedchlorine. Owing to its tendency tohydrolyse tohydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass orPTFE containers.
Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passingchlorine gas into moltenantimony trichloride:
Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal bipyramidal structure.[6]
This compounds reacts withwater to formantimony pentoxide andhydrochloric acid:[7]
The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5·H2O and SbCl5·4H2O.
This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. SbCl5 is asoft Lewis acid and itsECW model parameters are EA = 3.64 and CA = 10.42. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in theGutmann scale of Lewis basicity.[8][9]
It is also a strongoxidizing agent.[10] For example aromatic ethers are oxidized to their radical cations according to the following stoichiometry:[11]
Antimony pentachloride is used as apolymerizationcatalyst and for thechlorination of organic compounds.
Antimony pentachloride is a highly corrosive substance that should be stored away from heat and moisture. It is a chlorinating agent and, in the presence of moisture, it releases hydrogen chloride gas. Because of this, it may etch even stainless-steel tools (such as needles), if handled in a moist atmosphere. It should not be handled with non-fluorinated plastics (such as plastic syringes, plastic septa, or needles with plastic fittings), since it melts and carbonizes plastic materials.[12]
