| Anguis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Anguis fragilis | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Anguidae |
| Subfamily: | Anguinae |
| Genus: | Anguis Linnaeus,1758[2] |
| Type species | |
| Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Species | |
 | |
Slowworms[3] (also calledblindworms andhazelworms) are a smallgenus (Anguis) of snake-likelegless lizards in the familyAnguidae. The genus contains five extant livingspecies, including thecommon slowworm (A. fragilis), theeastern slowworm (A. colchica), theGreek slowworm (A. graeca), thePeloponnese slowworm (A. cephalonnica), and theItalian slowworm (A. veronensis). There are also known fossil species.
Slowworms are typically grey-brown, with the females having a coppery sheen and two lateral black stripes, and the males displayingelectric blue spots, particularly in the breeding season. Theygive birth to live young, which are about 4 cm (1.6 in) long at birth and generally have golden stripes.
Slowworms are slow-moving and can be easily caught, which has given rise to thefolk etymology that the "slow" in slowworm is the same as the English adjective slow; the actual origin is aproto-Germanic root which simply means "slowworm" (cf. GermanSchleiche).[3] Like many lizards, slowworms canshed their tails to distract predators. The tail regrows, but never fully.[4] Principal predators are birds, badgers, hedgehogs, foxes and domestic cats.[5][6][7]
The average British slowworm can grow to 45 cm when fully mature and weigh about 100 g, females being slightly larger than the males. The tail makes up around half its length, but is indistinguishable from the body. It has been recorded to live for up to 30 years in wild, and the record age for a slowworm in captivity is 54 years (Copenhagen Zoo).
Thespecific namefragilis (fragile) comes from the tendency of this species to shed its own tail, when threatened by predators, or if handled too roughly (caudal autotomy).
Although slowworms much resemble snakes, and are often mistaken for such, they are actually lizards that have lost theirlimbs completely with evolution.
Slowworms can be distinguished from snakes by several features: theireyelids, which snakes lack (havingbrille instead); their small ear openings, which again snakes lack; and their tongues, which are notched in the centre rather than completely forked like a snake's. Further, snakes have an opening in their upper jaw to allow their tongue through, which slowworms lack.[8]
Slowworms live in any habitat that is warm and protected, such as woodland, grassland, and heathland; they are frequently found in garden compost heaps, sometimes on purpose for pest control.[7] They range across most of Europe, and into parts of Asia, but they are restricted totemperate and humidhabitats. They hibernate from October to February/March, both communally and solitarily, and sometimes share hibernating sites with other reptiles.
Slowworms have grooved teeth which allow them to grab and swallow whole their softinvertebrate prey, such asslugs, hairlesscaterpillars, other insects, spiders, andearthworms.[9]Snails are usually avoided, except when they are still very young and the shell can be broken easily.
Slowworms areprotected in theUnited Kingdom,Poland andSlovakia.
 | This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2021) |
Subfamily Anguinae
Gvoždík et al. (2013) distinguished five genetic species ofAnguis:graeca,colchica,fragilis,cinerea, andcephallonica, but a review of the genus has not yet been completed.[13]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution | Range map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Anguis cephallonica | Peloponnese slowworm | southern Greece | .png) |
 | Anguis colchica | eastern slowworm | eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and northern Anatolia and Iran | .png) |
 | Anguis fragilis | common slowworm | western, central, and parts of southeastern Europe | .png) |
 | Anguis graeca | Greek slowworm | Greece, Albania, and Macedonia | .png) |
 | Anguis veronensis | Italian slowworm | Italy and southeastern France[14] | .png) |
Authority control databases: National |
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