 | This article shouldspecify the language of its non-English content, using{{langx}},{{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and{{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriateISO 639 code. Wikipedia'smultilingual support templates may also be used - notably ani for Andi.See why.(September 2024) |
| Andi | |
|---|---|
| Qwannab | |
| къӀаваннаб мицӀцӀиqwavannab miċċi[1][failed verification] | |
| Pronunciation | [qχʼavannabmitsʼːi] |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | SouthernDagestan |
| Ethnicity | 11,800Andi (2010 census)[2] |
Native speakers | 21,150 (2020 census)[3] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ani |
| Glottolog | andi1255 |
| ELP | Andi |
 Andi | |
 Andi is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
| Coordinates:42°43′N46°17′E / 42.717°N 46.283°E /42.717; 46.283 | |
Andi is aNortheast Caucasian language belonging to theAvar–Andic branch spoken by about 5,800 ethnicAndi (2010) in theBotlikh region ofDagestan. The language is spoken in the villagesAndi (along the river Andi-Koisu),[4]Gunkha,Gagatl,Ashali,Rikvani,Chanko, Zilo, andKvanxidatl.[5]
There are four main dialects, Munin,Rikvani,Kvanxidatl, and Gagatl, which appear quite divergent. However, the dialects can be said to vary between villages: the "upper-group" contains Andi, Gagatl, Rikvani, and Zilo (where Andi and Zilo are considered their own dialects), whereas the "lower-group" contains Munin and Kvanxidatl. The upper-group lacks the affricate soundкьI.[5]
Andi has 43 consonants:[6]
| Labial | Dental/ alveolar | Post- alveolar/ palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/ Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kː | ʔ | |||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||||||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʼː | |||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | tsː | tʃ | tʃː | qχ | ||||||
| voiced | dʒ | ||||||||||
| ejective | tsʼ | tsʼː | tʃʼ | tʃʼː | qχʼ | qχʼː | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | x | χ | χː | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ʁ | (ʕ) | ||||||
| Lateral | continuant | ɬ | |||||||||
| affricate | tɬː | tɬʼː | |||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | |||||||||
There are five vowels:/a,e,i,o,u/.
Although Andi is usually unwritten, there are attempts to write the language using Russian Cyrillic script. Speakers generally useAvar orRussian as their literary language(s).[2] There have been some 19th-century texts written in Andi.[7]
The 2015 translation of theGospel of Luke uses the following alphabet:А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гъгъ гъгъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, ЖӀ жӀ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Къ къ, Кь кь, КӀ кӀ, КӀкӀ кӀкӀ, Л л, Лъ лъ, Лълъ лълъ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Сс сс, Т т, ТӀ тӀ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хх хх, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цц цц, ЦӀ цӀ, ЦӀцӀ цӀцӀ, Ч ч, Чч чч, ЧӀ чӀ, ЧӀчӀ чӀчӀ, Ш ш, Щ щ, ъ, ы, ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я[8]
A 2018 primer uses the following alphabet:[9]
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | ГӀ гӀ | Гь гь | Гъ гъ | ГъӀ гъӀ | Д д | Е е |
| Ё ё | Ж ж | Жъ жъ | ЖъӀ жъӀ | З з | И и | Й й | К к | КӀ кӀ | Кь кь |
| Къ къ | КъӀ къӀ | Л л | ЛӀ лӀ | Ль ль | Лъ лъ | ЛъӀ лъӀ | М м | Н н | О о |
| П п | ПӀ пӀ | Р р | С с | Т т | ТӀ тӀ | У у | Ф ф | Х х | ХӀ хӀ |
| Хь хь | Хъ хъ | Ц ц | ЦӀ цӀ | ЦъӀ цъӀ | Ч ч | ЧӀ чӀ | ЧъӀ чъӀ | Ш ш | Щ щ |
| Ъ ъ | Ь ь | Ӏ | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Andi has 7 different series of localization: the meaning "inside" changes by number (singular-ла/-а, plural-хъи:гьакъу-ла 'in a home',гьакъоба-хъи 'in houses'). Number categories are expressed throughablaut (имуво воцци в-усон 'The father found the brother', butимуво воццул в-осон 'The father found the brothers'). In the villageAndi, there is a difference between the speech of men and women; a man will say, for example,дин meaning 'I',мин meaning 'you',гьекIа 'person', but a woman will sayден 'I',мен 'you',гьекIва 'person'.[5]
The proposedNorth Caucasian language family comprises theNortheast andNorthwest Caucasian language families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northwest (Pontic) |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northeast (Caspian) |
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Italics indicateextinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caucasian (areal) |
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| Indo- European |
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| Turkic |
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| Others | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Authority control databases: National |
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