 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Amb" princely state – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Kingdom of Amb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Princely state of Pakistan | |||||||||
| 1507–28 July 1969 | |||||||||
 Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||||
 Capital of Amb state [Darband] in 1947, Most dominatial Head of State | |||||||||
| Capital | Darband (now submerged underTarbela Dam) Shergarh (summer residence) | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| • Coordinates | 34°21′52.582″N72°51′33.959″E / 34.36460611°N 72.85943306°E /34.36460611; 72.85943306 | ||||||||
• | 24,985 km2 (9,647 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| • Type | Monarchy | ||||||||
| • Motto | ""این خداست"" اقتدار اعلیٰ ""نظام خدا دا* | ||||||||
| Historical era | since 1507-1969 | ||||||||
• Established | 1507 | ||||||||
| 1507 | |||||||||
• Tanoli | 1647 | ||||||||
• Submitted toDurrani Rule | 1755 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 28 July 1969 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Pakistan · Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | ||||||||
 |
| This article is part of the series |
| Former administrative units of Pakistan |
|---|
One-unit provinces |
Other subdivisions |
Amb (امب) or theState of Amb was aprincely state in the present dayKhyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan. Together withPhulra, it was known asFeudal Tanawal ruled byTanoli tribe. ARoyal Tenure start fromTimurid Empire and end on LastNawab Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli.[1] Amb was only powerful state incorporated in Pakistan with armed civilized military of 12,000 men, 300Howitzer with their own manufacturing arms factory, today part of thePakistan Army.[1][2][3] Amb had a influence control roots inSwat,Dir andChitral.[4][2][5] A gaining of powerful roots of Amb military start fromSecond Anglo-Sikh War whenEast India Company provide military equipment toJehandad Khan Tanoli to fight against Sikh, and then nextBritish Empire inSecond anglo-Afghan War.[6] At the end of December 1947, the Nawab of Amb stateacceded to Pakistan while retaining internal self-government.[7] Amb continued as aprincely state of Pakistan until 1969, when it was incorporated into theNorth West Frontier Province (nowKhyber Pakhtunkhwa).
The state was named after the town ofAmb. After the death of the last Nawab,Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli, the fighting between the descendants of the state of Amb for power continued, which ended in 1971, when thePakistani army ended or occupied the integration. In 1972, the recognition of their royal status was ended by theGovernment of Pakistan.[citation needed] In 1974, theTarbela Dam completely destroyed the capital of Amb and the palaces of theAmb state.[citation needed]
| Image | Titular Name | Personal Name | Date of birth | Nawab From | Nawab Until | Date of death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Anwar Khan Tanoli انور خان تنولی | Anwar Khan Tanoli | 1688 | 1710 | 1730 | 1730 | |
| Muhammad Bahadur Khan Tanoli بہادر خان | Muhammad Bahadur Khan Tanoli | 23 June 1712 | 1730-1740 | 8 August 1755 | 8 August 1755 | |
| Sultan Zaburdust Khan Tanoli صوبہ خان تنولی | Sultan Zaburdust Khan Tanoli | 1 May 1736 | 8 August 1755 | 2 November 1783 | ||
| Haibat Khan Tanoli ہیبت خان | Haibat Khan Tanoli | 6 April 1740 | 1783 | 12 December 1798 | ||
| Nawab Khan Tanoli نواب خان | Nawab Khan Tanoli | 12 April 1792 | 1800-1810 | 13 October 1818 | ||
| Painda Khan Tanoli پائنداخان | Painda Khan | 6 May 1805 | 1818 | 1819-1822 completely Rule ended and hence again conquered and started in 1823 | 12 September 1844 | |
 | Jehandad Khan Tanoli جہانداد خان | Jehandad Khan Tanoli | 6 February 1820 | 1844 | 1868 | |
| Nawab Muhammad Akram Khan Tanoli
| Nawab Muhammad Akram Khan Tanoli | 1859 | 1868 | 1907 | ||
 | Nawab Khan-e-Zaman Khan Tanoli نواب خانِ زمان خان تنولیخانخا | Nawab Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli | 6 November 1880 | 1907 | 12 September 1936 | |
 | Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli فرید خان | Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli | 1 January 1904 | 1936 | 17 September 1947 (Alliance with Pakistan but continued rule until 1969) | 28 July 1969 (Rule end due to fighting between the Descendants of Amb State and Pakistan Army occupied integration) |
| Nawab Salahuddin Khan Tanoli صلاح الدین خان | Nawabzada Salahuddin Saeed | 1958 | 1969 | Incumbent | ||
Amb was considered a powerful and important state duringDurrani,Mughal andBritish Raj.[citation needed] The total revenue of the state in 1901 was 36-42 lakhs when the price of 1 tola gold is 20British Rupee.[citation needed] In 1901, state's income was 6 lakhs and second part of its revenue was the collection of tax from other state'sNawabs andMaharajahs, who used the routes ofTanawal andAttock for visiting other countries. This tax was also collected byTraders andMerchants who used that routes.[citation needed]In this way, Nawab of Amb fought many wars with British,Durrani andSikh this is the main cause of war.[citation needed]
Amb state, once known asMulk-e-Tanawal (country/area of Tanawal), was the home of theTanoli.[2][3] The region's early history dates back to theMughal Empire, when around year 1647, theTanoli tribe conquered and settled by the Indus River, surrounded by wide area, which came to be known asTanawal. Before Tanawal, it was known as thePakhli Sultanate (Karluks Turk), which ruled overHazara, who came toTimur around 1380 to 1390. This was the only state of theMughal Empire which did not pay tax to Delhi. The rule of theKarluks ended when theSwatis arrived. The last Karluks ruler was Sultan Mehmood Khurd,[citation needed] accordingly the start ofTanoli's rule.[4][8] The ancestry can be traced back to theGhilji who are the descendants ofBettani.[9] When the Durrani tribe arrived in India, theTanoli chieftainSuba Khan Tanoli acceptedDurrani rule in 1755 and helped the empire during theThird Battle of Panipat.[10][citation needed]
In 1854, the British frontier officer GeneralJames Abbott postulated that Aornos was located on the Mahaban range, south of modernBuner District.[citation needed] In 1839, he proposed to recognise Embolina, as hadRanjit Singh's mercenary GeneralClaude Auguste Court, as the village of Amb situated on the right bank of the Indus eight miles east of Mahaban.[citation needed] This became the location from which it is thought that theNawabs of Amb took their title in later years.[11]
%2c_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa%2c_Pakistan_cropped.jpg)
The Tanoli are basically Afghans and Pashtuns[12][13]The Tanoli submitted to British colonial rule in the 1840s.[1][2][3]
MirNawab Khan Tanoli was the ruler of The Tanawal valley and theChief of the Hazara region from circa 1810 until he died in 1818. During his rule, he faced many attacks from theSikh Empire andDurrani Empire, resulting in a significant loss of territory. He was 26 years old, when he was assassinated byAzim Khan on October 13, 1818 in theStratagem of Peshawar.[citation needed]
The main reason for the war is that Mir Nawab Khan defiedDurrani and the other main reason was that, whenAzim Khan's mother was traveling toKashmir viaTanwal, Nawab Khan's soldier collected the taxes from her.Azim Khan then traveled throughTanwal and then Nawab Khan's soldiers collected taxes through Azim Khan as well. After Azim Khan took the complaint to the Afghan court, the Afghan Ruler of that time immediately sent his army.[citation needed]
Nawab Khan Tanoli's sons,Painda Khan andMaddad Khan began the series of rebellion against theSikhs andDurrani, which continued throughout his lifetime.[citation needed]
From about 1813,Painda Khan Tanoli is famed for his staunch rebellion against MaharajaRanjit Singh's governors ofHazara. He was the son ofMir Nawab Khan Tanoli.[citation needed]
From about 1813, Painda Khan Tanoli engaged in a lifelong rebellion against theSikhs, who, realizing the potential dangers of his rebellion, set up forts at strategic locations to keep him in check.Hari Singh Nalwa took this initiative during his governorship. To consolidate his hold on Tanawal and to unite the Tanoli people, Tanoli first had to contend with his major rivals within the tribe itself, that is, the chiefs of the Suba Khani/Pallal Khel section, whom he subdued after a bitter struggle.
Tanoli set the tone for regional resistance in Upper Hazara against Sikh rule. In 1828, he created and gifted the smaller neighbouring state ofPhulra to his younger brotherMaddad Khan Tanoli.
Painda Khan briefly took over the valley ofAgror in 1834. Agror was restored to Ata Muhammad Khan, the chief of that area, a descendant of Akhund Ahmed Sad-ud-din.[14][citation needed]
He was the son of Mir Painda Khan Tanoli. In 1852, Jehandad Khan Tanoli was summoned by the President of the Board of Administration about a murder enquiry of two British officers, supposedly on his lands.[citation needed] In fact, this was related to the murder of two British salt tax collectors by some tribesmen in the neighbouringKala Dhaka orBlack Mountain area, which eventually led to the punitiveFirst Black Mountain campaign/expedition of 1852.[citation needed] The Board of Administration President wasSir John Lawrence (later the Lieutenant-Governor of thePunjab), and he visitedHaripur, in Hazara, where he invited many Hazara chiefs to see him on various matters, at a general Durbar.[citation needed][15] Jehandad Khan Tanoli succeeded in establishing his innocence and consolidated his position.[citation needed]
Jahandad Khan Tanoli's relationship withBritish India is summed in the following lines in a letter dated 8 January 1859 from R. Temple, Secretary to the Punjab Chief Commissioner, addressed to the Punjab Financial Commissioner: "'5.[citation needed] The term "Jagir" has never appeared to me applicable in any sense to this [Jehandad Khan's] hereditary domain [Upper Tannowul], for it was never granted as such by the Sikhs or by our Government; we upheld the Khan as we found him in his position as a feudal lord and large proprietor.'
Jehandad's son, Nawab Bahadur Sir Muhammed Akram Khan Tanoli, was given the title ofNawab (Sovereign Ruler) in perpetuity by the British.[citation needed]
The next chief of the Tanoli, a son of Jahandad Khan Tanoli, was Akram Khan TanoliKCSI 68–1907). He was a popular chief. During his tenure, the fort atShergarh was built along with forts in Dogah andShahkot. His rule was a peaceful time for Tanawal. He opposed construction of schools in the state, on advice given by British.[citation needed]
Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli succeeded his father, taking over the reins of power in Tanawal in Amb. He helped the British in carrying out the later Black Mountain (Kala Dhaka/Tor Ghar) expeditions.[citation needed]
Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli had good relations withMuhammad Ali Jinnah andLiaqat Ali Khan. His contributions to the Pakistan movement have been acknowledged by letters from Jinnah.[7][16] In 1947, he acceded his state to Pakistan by signing theInstrument of Accession in favour of Pakistan. In 1969, the state was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province (nowKhyber-Pakhtunkhwa) and in 1972, the Government of Pakistan ceased to recognise the royal status of the Nawab.[citation needed]
Muhammad Saeed Khan Tanoli, son of Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli, the last nawab of Amb, studied at theBurn Hall School inAbbottabad (now theArmy Burn Hall College) and theGordon College inRawalpindi.[17] Nawab Saeed Khan Tanoli ruled for a period of three years.
Salahuddin Saeed Khan Tanoli is the present chief of Tanolis and the titular Nawab of Amb.[citation needed] He is the son of Nawab Muhammad Saeed Khan Tanoli. He holds the record as the youngest parliamentarian ever elected to thePakistan National Assembly, and then went on to be elected five times to the Pakistan National Assembly (from 1985 to 1997), a feat achieved by only seven other Pakistani parliamentarians, including the former Pakistani prime minister,Nawaz Sharif.[18]
| Tenure | Chiefs of Tanawal and later Rulers of Amb (Tanawal)[citation needed] |
|---|---|
| 1772–1803 | (Mir) Haibat Khan Tanoli |
| 1803–1809 | (Mir) Hashim Ali Khan Tanoli (son ofMir Haibat Khan Tanoli and brother toMir Nawab Khan Tanoli, following) |
| 1809–1818 | (Mir) Nawab Khan Tanoli |
| 1818–1844 | (Mir) Painda Khan Tanoli,Maddad Khan Tanoli |
| 1844–1868 | NawabJahandad Khan Tanoli – Amb State founded in 1858 by British government recognition |
| 1868–1907 | NawabMuhammad Akram Khan Tanoli |
| 1907–1936 | NawabKhanizaman Khan Tanoli |
| 1936–1969 | Nawab Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli – Amb State ended and merged with NWFP Pakistan in 1971–72 |
| 1969–Incumbent | Nawabzada Salahuddin Saeed |
Existing alongsideBritish India were hundreds of princely states, some 565[citation needed] in all, but most of them did not issue postage stamps. Only around forty of the states issued their own postage stamps, and Amb State was one of them, having its own postal service. The rest used the stamps of theAll India Postal Service.[citation needed]
The state consists of the following present day Union Councils ofMansehra,Torghar, andHaripur Districts:
The Mansehra and Torghar districts includeBandi Shungli,Shergarh,Karorri,Nika Pani,Darband, Dara Shanaya,Swan Miara,Lassan Nawab,Perhinna,Phulrra, Jhokan, and Palsala. The Haripur district includesBaitgali,Nara AmaNara Amazz,Kalinjar, andBeer.[dubious –discuss]
https://indoaryanabookco.com/home/product_view/7286/ was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page).
