Abū Muḥammad 'Abd al-Jabbār al-Kharaqī,Persian:بهاءالدین ابوبکر محمد بن احمد بن ابوبشر alsoAl-Kharaqī (1084-1158[1]) was aPersian[2] astronomer and mathematician of the 12th century, born in Kharaq nearMerv.[3] He was in the service ofSultan Sanjar at the Persian Court. Al-Kharaqī challenged the astronomical theory ofPtolemy in theAlmagest, and established an alternative theory of the spheres, imagining huge material spheres in which the planets moved inside tubes.[3] He later wroteat-Tabṣıra fî ʿilmi’l-hayʾa as a second edition to his well-known bookMuntahā al-idrāk fī taqāsīm al-aflāk in which he removed some parts and reshaped its structure as two parts instead of three.[1]
During his travels to theOttoman Empire in 1536,Guillaume Postel acquired an astronomical work by al-Kharaqī,Muntahā al-idrāk fī taqāsīm al-aflāk ("The Ultimate Grassp of the Divisions of Spheres"), annotated it, and brought it back to Europe.[4]
Al-Kharaqī also wrote mathematical treatises, now lost,Al-Risala al-Shāmila ("Comprehensive Treatise") andAl-Risala al-Maghribiyya ("The North African Treatise", related to thecalculus ofdirham anddinar).[3]
Abū Muh.ammad ˓Abd al-Jabbār ibn ˓Abd al-Jabbār al-Kharaqī was a Persian astronomer, mathematician and geographer.
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