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Aitape
Aitape (lower right) andTumleo Island (left)
Aitape Location within Sandaun Province Show map of Sandaun Province Aitape Aitape (Papua New Guinea) Show map of Papua New Guinea
Coordinates:3°8′S142°21′E / 3.133°S 142.350°E /-3.133; 142.350
Country	Papua New Guinea
Province	Sandaun Province (West Sepik)
LLG	East Aitape Rural LLG
Established	1905
Elevation	4 m (12 ft)
Population
• Total	18,000
• Rank	10th
Time zone	UTC+10 (AEST)
Location	126 km (78 mi) ESE ofVanimo 148 km (92 mi) WNW ofWewak
Climate	Af

Aitape is a small town of about 18,000 people on the north coast ofPapua New Guinea in theSandaun Province. It is a coastal settlement that is almost equidistant from the provincial capitals ofWewak andVanimo, and marks the midpoint of the highway between these two capitals. Aitape has 240 V power (in general 24 hours), telephone, a bank, a post-office, a courthouse and a police station, a supermarket and many tradestores, a petrol station, two airstrips, two secondary schools, a mission office and a hospital.^[1]

Aitape was established as a train station by German colonists in 1905 as part ofGerman New Guinea. During theSecond World War the town was occupied by theImperial Japanese Army.

Aitape can be reached by logging road from Vanimo and Wewak (180 km). Boats also leave Aitape Harbor to Vanimo and Wewak.

There are two airstrips:Tadji (TAJ), where most flights land, andAitape (ATP). Tadji airstrip is located 10 km east of town.

First contact between the Aitape (Eitape) area and the outside world is believed to have occurred during the 15th century when large sailing expeditions arrived from China. It is certain that Malay fishing fleets were active along the Sepik coastline from the early 17th century when island inhabitants were recruited as navigators for these Malay fishing vessels. The first Christian missionary arrived in the Aitape area in 1896. It wasSocietatis Verbi Divini (theSociety of the Divine Word or SVD) from Germany and Holland. The first mission station was established onTumleo Island in 1896. A second station was set up at Pro on the mainland the following year. The inhabitants of Pro requested that the mission station be established to protect them from raids by much larger settlements. The major native settlements at the time were at Sissano, Malol, and Arop (the Siau group). The island settlements of Tumleo,Ali, andSeleo (the Bakla) made up the next group of main settlements. Both the Siau and Bakla would band together annually for major trading expeditions taking in the Aitape coastline to the south east areas around Wewak.

German authorities found it difficult to colonize the Siau and Bakla of the Aitape area. The Aitape area was officially described as uncontrolled during the German colonial period. Still, the Germans built a solid prison at Aitape and installed a powerful radio station which maintained quality communication with Europe.

In 1908, the Aitape coastline was struck by a major tsunami event resulting in the collapse of an area of coastline between Arop and Sissano creating the Sissano Lagoon. (A second tsunami struck in 1935 with most recent occurring in 1998 also hitting Sissano.)

By 1914 there were 68 missionaries and 6 new stations established along the coast. The town along with the rest of German New Guinea passed to Australian control after theFirst World War and became part of theTerritory of New Guinea.

During the Second World War the town was occupied, along with the rest of the Territory of New Guinea, by the Imperial Japanese Army.

During the recaptureAmerican forces bypassed theJapanese 18th Army based atWewak,taking Aitape on 22 April 1944. A base was developed here and repulsed a major Japanese counter-attack. The Americans were content to hold Aitape and not advance far towards Wewak. In fact, Aitape was captured as part of a 3-pronged invasion by the Allies (Aitape, and landings on either side of Hollandia). There was little or no strategic gain to be had in doing so as the Japanese force based at Wewak no longer posed a real threat – cut off, short of supplies, and weakened from battle and diseases. In mid-1944, GeneralDouglas MacArthur, the American Commander-in-Chief of Allied forces in theSouth-West Pacific Area, secured an agreement from the Australian government for Australian forces to take over at Aitape. MacArthur then continued island hopping in preparation for the re-capture of the Philippines.

TheAitape-Wewak campaign was the final Australian military campaign on mainland New Guinea. It ran from November 1944 to the war's end in August 1945. It was fought by the6th Division,Australian Imperial Force (AIF) with air and naval support. The US Navy built a camp at Aitape as a remote post forNaval Base Hollandia.^[2][3]

Australian intelligence soldierLeonard Siffleet was beheaded by the Japanese on Aitape beach on 24 October 1943.^[4]

In July 1998, the area surrounding the town suffered from a destructivetsunami that killed over 2,000 people. A magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred offshore and triggered a large undersea landslide that generated the tsunami. The area worst hit was Warapu village about 8 km west of Aitape. The village was situated on a narrow spit between the coast and a large lagoon. It is estimated that waves with an average height of 10.5 metres passed over the spit into the lagoon.

Aitape has atropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.

• East Aitape Rural LLG, which includes Aitape Urban Ward
• West Aitape Rural LLG

• Populated places in Sandaun Province

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