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Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal

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For the son of John III of Portugal, seeAfonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal (1526).
Hereditary Prince of Portugal
Afonso
Hereditary Prince of Portugal
The Death of Prince Afonso
Born18 May 1475
Died13 July 1491(1491-07-13) (aged 16)
Santarém District
Burial
Spouse
HouseAviz
FatherJohn II of Portugal
MotherEleanor of Viseu

Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation:[ɐˈfõsu]; 18 May 1475 – 13 July 1491)[1] was theheir apparent to the throne ofPortugal. He was born inLisbon,Portugal, and died in ahorse-riding accident on the banks of the riverTagus.

Heir apparent

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Afonso, named after his grandfather,King Afonso V, was the only son ofKing John II andEleanor of Viseu.[2] The king was very fond of him and named the island ofPríncipe after him (príncipe meaning "prince" in thePortuguese language).

Marriage

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Afonso's grandfatherAfonso V of Portugal had sided withJoanna la Beltraneja, who was a rival for the throne ofCastile against her half-aunt, QueenIsabella I of Castile. She was never considered legitimate and, when the king was dying, no one took her as a serious contender for the crown. Isabella was due to inherit the crown, but Afonso V was keen to interfere with the succession in Castile. In 1475 he married his niece Joanna, whom he considered the legitimate heir to the crown. Since her adulteress mother was his own sister, Afonso V had not only ambition, but the family honour to protect. He proclaimed himself King of Castile and León and prepared to defend his wife's rights.[3]

KingFerdinand and Isabella, however, won the war of succession and, as part of theTreaty of Alcáçovas, signed in 1479, it was agreed that their eldest daughterIsabella would marry Afonso.[4][5] Isabella was also to come with a very large dowry that in practice represented the war compensation obtained by Portugal. In 1480, Prince Afonso, who at that time was five years old, went to live in the town ofMoura with his maternal grandmother,Beatrice. In the early months of the following year, his future wife, the ten-year-old Isabella, joined him and lived there for about two years.[6]

The wedding, byproxy, took place ten years later in the spring of 1490 inSeville.[7][8] On 19 November of that year, Isabella arrived inBadajoz where she was welcomed by Afonso's uncle, Manuel, the future KingManuel I of Portugal, whom she would eventually marry six years after her husband's death. Afonso and Isabella were reunited inElvas on 22 November and, on the following day, Isabella met her mother-in-law, Queen Eleanor, in the Convento do Espinheiro inÉvora, where the court had gathered to ratify the marriage that had been celebrated earlier in Seville.[9]

This wedding had the blessings of both Kingdoms. The queen of Castile, whose mother and nurse were Portuguese, wanted to strengthen the ties with Portugal,[10] and, at the same time, this would allow her to "keep an eye on and control the steps of her eternal rival, Joanna la Beltraneja", through her daughter.[8]

Death

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Cloister of Batalha Monastery

In July 1491, the royal family was spending the summer in theSantarém District near the banks of theRiver Tagus. King John invited his son to swim with him. The young prince refused the invitation at first, but seeing that his father wanted him to keep him company, decided to join him. According to the chronicle ofRui de Pina:

...na força do correr, o cavalo do príncipe caiu, e o levou debaixo de si, onde logo de improviso ficou como morto, sem fala e sem sentidos. ("...running at a great speed, the Prince's horse fell, dragging (the prince) under him, where he remained, seemingly dead, without speaking and having lost his senses").[11]

According to the same author, when Afonso's mother heard the news of the accident, stricken with grief, she ran, riding on a mule, accompanied by her daughter-in-law, to be with her son who was lying on the ground. Nothing could be done. As a sign of mourning, his parents decided to dress in black. The funeral rites were held atBatalha Monastery and Prince Afonso was buried there, also the resting place of his grandfather King Afonso V.[12] His widow, Infanta Isabella, returned to Castile and even before thesiege of Granada was lifted, she joined her parents inÍllora. TheCatholic Monarchs abandoned the camp temporarily to be with their daughter and to console her.[7]

Aftermath

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King John tried without success until the end of his life to legitimize the ten-year-oldJorge, Duke of Coimbra, his illegitimate son. His wife, Queen Eleanor, was adamantly against having the king's bastard son occupy the throne, an opinion shared by the Catholic Monarchs, who, like Queen Eleanor, supported the claims of the Duke of Beja, Eleanor's brother, as the heir to the throne. In 1494, King John, whose health had worsened, executed his last will in which named his cousin and brother-in-law, the Duke of Beja, his successor. King John died in October 1495 and, in 1497, his successor, the Duke of Beja, now KingManuel I of Portugal, married Isabella, Prince Afonso's widow.[13]

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
8.Edward I of Portugal[16] (= 12)
4.Afonso V of Portugal[14]
9.Eleanor of Aragon[16] (= 13)
2.John II of Portugal
10.Peter, Duke of Coimbra[17]
5.Isabel of Coimbra[14]
11.Isabella of Urgell[18]
1.Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
12.Edward I of Portugal[15] (= 8)
6.Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu[15]
13.Eleanor of Aragon[15] (= 9)
3.Eleanor of Viseu
14.John, Constable of Portugal[15]
7.Beatriz of Portugal[15]
15.Isabel of Barcelos[15]

References

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  1. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 526, 536.
  2. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 526.
  3. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 507–508.
  4. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 527, 533.
  5. ^Álvarez Palenzuela 2006.
  6. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 528, 534.
  7. ^abFernández Álvarez 2003, p. 266.
  8. ^abRodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 534.
  9. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 535.
  10. ^Fernández Álvarez 2003, p. 362.
  11. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, p. 536.
  12. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 536–537.
  13. ^Rodrigues Oliveira 2010, pp. 537–541.
  14. ^abJohn II, King of Portugal at theEncyclopædia Britannica
  15. ^abcdefStephens, Henry Morse (1903).The story of Portugal. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 125, 139.ISBN 9780722224731. Retrieved11 July 2018.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  16. ^abAfonso V, King of Portugal at theEncyclopædia Britannica
  17. ^Pedro, 1o duque de Coimbra at theEncyclopædia Britannica
  18. ^Ryder, Alan (2007).The Wreck of Catalonia: Civil War in the Fifteenth Century. Oxford University Press. p. 152.ISBN 978-0-19-920736-7.

Bibliography

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Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
Cadet branch of theHouse of Burgundy
Born: 18 May 1475 Died: 13 July 1491
Preceded byHereditary Prince of Portugal
1481 – 1491		Succeeded by
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* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples,  §also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria,  #also an infante of Spain,  ‡also an imperial prince of Brazil,  also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony,  ◙also a prince of Braganza,  ¤title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic,  ƒclaimant infante
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