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1826

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2nd millennium
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18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades
1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s
Years
1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829
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January 15: The French magazineLe Figaro begins publication.

1826 by topic
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1826 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar	1826 MDCCCXXVI
Ab urbe condita	2579
Armenian calendar	1275 ԹՎ ՌՄՀԵ
Assyrian calendar	6576
Balinese saka calendar	1747–1748
Bengali calendar	1232–1233
Berber calendar	2776
British Regnal year	6 Geo. 4 – 7 Geo. 4
Buddhist calendar	2370
Burmese calendar	1188
Byzantine calendar	7334–7335
Chinese calendar	乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 4523 or 4316 — to — 丙戌年 (Fire Dog) 4524 or 4317
Coptic calendar	1542–1543
Discordian calendar	2992
Ethiopian calendar	1818–1819
Hebrew calendar	5586–5587
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1882–1883
-Shaka Samvat	1747–1748
-Kali Yuga	4926–4927
Holocene calendar	11826
Igbo calendar	826–827
Iranian calendar	1204–1205
Islamic calendar	1241–1242
Japanese calendar	Bunsei 9 (文政９年)
Javanese calendar	1753–1754
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4159
Minguo calendar	86 beforeROC 民前86年
Nanakshahi calendar	358
Thai solar calendar	2368–2369
Tibetan calendar	阴木鸡年 (female Wood-Rooster) 1952 or 1571 or 799 — to — 阳火狗年 (male Fire-Dog) 1953 or 1572 or 800

Wikimedia Commons has media related to1826.

July 4: On the 50th anniversary of the U.S. Declaration of Independence,John Adams (the second U.S. president) andThomas Jefferson (the third U.S. president) die within hours of each other.

1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was acommon year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Friday of theJulian calendar, the 1826th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini (AD) designations, the 826th year of the2nd millennium, the 26th year of the19th century, and the 7th year of the1820s decade. As of the start of 1826, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Calendar year

Events

January–March

January 15 – The French newspaperLe Figaro begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly.
January 17 – TheBallantyne printing business inEdinburgh (Scotland) crashes, ruining novelist SirWalter Scott as a principal investor. He undertakes to repay his creditors from his writings. His publisher,Archibald Constable, also fails.^[1]
January 18 – In India, theSiege of Bharatpur ends in British victory asLord Combermere andMichael Childers defeat theprincely state of Bharatpur, now part of the Indian state ofRajasthan.Grant, James (1885).British battles on land and sea. p. 575.
January 30 – TheMenai Suspension Bridge, built by engineerThomas Telford as the first major suspension bridge in world history, is opened between the island ofAnglesey and the mainland ofWales.^[2]
February 6 –James Fenimore Cooper's novelThe Last of the Mohicans is first printed, by a publisher inPhiladelphia.^[3]
February 8 – UnitarianBernardino Rivadavia becomes the first President of theUnited Provinces of the Río de la Plata, nowArgentina.
February 11
- University College London is founded, under the nameUniversity of London.
- Swaminarayan writes theShikshapatri, an important text withinSwaminarayan Hinduism.
February 13 – TheAmerican Temperance Society is founded.
February 23 –Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky developsnon-Euclidean geometry (independently ofJanos Bolyai).
February 24 – TheTreaty of Yandabo ends theFirst Anglo-Burmese War. Britain gainsAssam, Manipur,Rakhine andTanintharyi.^[4]
March 1 – A maleIndian elephant,Chunee, which was brought to London in 1811, is killed at a menagerie after running amok the week before, killing one of his keepers. After arsenic and shooting fail, the animal is stabbed to death.^[5]
March 7 – Ellen Turner, a wealthy 15-year-old heiress fromCheshire in England, iskidnapped byEdward Gibbon Wakefield. On May 14, Wakefield, his brother and a servant are sentenced to three years' imprisonment for the crime. Wakefield later becomes politically active in thecolonisation of New Zealand.^[6]^[7]
March 10 –Dom João VI, King of Portugal and former Emperor of Brazil, dies six days after he had been served dinner while visitingJerónimos Monastery. An investigative autopsy 174 years later will discover that he had been killed byarsenic poisoning. King João's, EmperorPedro I of Brazil, sails back to Portugal and briefly reigns as King Pedro IV of Portugal, before turning over the Portuguese throne to his daughter,Maria.
March –Ludwig van Beethoven'sString Quartet No. 13 in B♭ major, Op. 130 is first performed and is premiered by theSchuppanzigh Quartet. In its original form, the piece hasGrosse Fuge (later Op. 133) as the final movement.

April–June

April 1 – In the U.S.,Samuel Morey patents aninternal combustion engine.
April 10 – TheThird Siege of Missolonghi ends and is followed by the massacre of thousands of Greek defenders by the Ottoman besiegers.
May 5 – TheLiverpool and Manchester Railway, designed byGeorge Stephenson andJoseph Locke, destined to become the world's first purpose-builtrailway operated bysteam locomotives by 1830, is opened after receiving authorisation by theParliament of the United Kingdom.^[8]
May 28 – The EmperorPedro I of Brazil abdicates as King of Portugal.
June 14–15 – TheAuspicious Incident:Mahmud II,sultan of theOttoman Empire, crushes the last mutiny ofjanissaries inIstanbul.
June 20 – TheBurney Treaty is signed in Bangkok between theUnited Kingdom and theRattanakosin Kingdom of Siam, securing British power insoutheast Asia.^[9]
June 21 –Greek War of Independence: The attemptedOttoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani begins.
June 22 – ThePan-American Congress of Panama is opened inPanama City bySimon Bolivar as an attempt to unify the republics of the Americas that had recently declared independence from Spain, or to at least make a federation to agree on a common defense policy and create a common military. The Congress lasts for 23 days without an agreement.^[10]

July–September

July 4 – Former U.S. PresidentsThomas Jefferson andJohn Adams both die on the 50th anniversary of the signing of theUnited States Declaration of Independence.
July 15 – TheCongress of Panama adjourns after 24 days without an agreement on creating a federation of Latin American nations.^[10]
July 25 (O.S.: July 13) – Five leaders of theDecembrist revolt of1825 in Russia (Pyotr Kakhovsky,Pavel Pestel, poetKondraty Ryleyev,Sergey Muravyov-Apostol andMikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin) are hanged inSenate Square, Saint Petersburg, where they had launched their attempted coup d'etat. Other conspirators begin their journey into exile inSiberia.
July 26 –Cayetano Ripoll becomes the last person to be executed by theSpanish Inquisition at its lastauto-da-fé, held inValencia.
July –Ludwig van Beethoven puts the finishing touches on theString Quartet No. 14 in C♯ minor, Op. 131, the jewel in the crown ofhis late string quartets.
August 10 – The firstCowes Regatta is held on theIsle of Wight, in the U.K.^[11]
August 18 – Scottish explorerAlexander Gordon Laing becomes the first European to reachTimbuktu^[12] but is murdered there on September 26.
August 28 – The town ofCrawford Notch,New Hampshire suffers a landslide; those killed include all seven members of the Willey Family, after whomMount Willey is named.^[13]
September 13 –William Morgan (anti-Mason) ofBatavia, New York, disappears mysteriously after being released from the jail inCanandaigua and agreeing to accompany his benefactor, a Mr. Loton Lawson.He is never seen in public again, and a number of witnesses will indicate later that on September 20, a man resembling Morgan was tied up and thrown into theNiagara River following a meeting of the Masonic Society.^[14]
September 21 – Construction of theRideau Canal begins in Canada.

October–December

October 1 – TheMonkland and Kirkintilloch Railway opens in Scotland.^[15]
October 7 – The first train operates over theGranite Railway inMassachusetts.^[16]^[17]
November 3 – TheParis Stock Exchange opens at thePalais de la Bourse.^[18]^[19]
December 16 –Benjamin W. Edwards rides into Mexican-controlledNacogdoches, Texas, and declares himself ruler of theRepublic of Fredonia.
December 21 – American settlers inMexican Texas begin theFredonian Rebellion, making the first attempt to secede from Mexico. The Republic of Fredoniawill survive for less than six weeks.^[20]
December 25
- TheEggnog Riot breaks out at theUnited States Military Academy inWest Point, New York during the early morning hours.
- MajorEdmund Lockyer arrives atKing George Sound to take possession of the western part of Australia, establishing a settlement nearAlbany.

Date unknown

The BritishEast India Company colony of theStraits Settlements is established.
Aniline is first isolated, from thedestructive distillation ofindigo, byOtto Unverdorben.^[21]
Mahmud II's council orders thejanissaries to drill in the European manner.
In France,Nicéphore Niépce makes the firstphotograph,View from the Window at Le Gras.

Calendar year

Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades
1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s
Years
1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829
v t e

The oldest-known surviving photograph in history, Niepce'sView from the Window at Le Gras

Births

January–June

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin

Charles XV of Sweden

January 1 –Mikhail Loris-Melikov, Russian statesman, general (d.1888)
January 12 –William Chapman Ralston, American banker, financier (d.1875)
January 15 –Marie Pasteur, French chemist (d.1910)
January 24 –William Daniel,American temperance movement leader (d.1897)
January 26 –Louis Favre, Swiss engineer (d.1879)
January 27
- Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Russian writer (d.1889)
- Richard Taylor, American Confederate general (d.1879)
January 30 –Robert F. R. Lewis, American naval officer (d.1881)
February 3 –Walter Bagehot, English economist and journalist (d.1877)
February 7 –James Edward Jouett, American admiral (d.1902)
February 9 –John A. Logan, American soldier, political leader (d.1886)
February 15 –George Johnstone Stoney, Anglo-Irish physicist (d.1911)
February 16
- Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen, Danish chemist (d.1909)
- Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet (d.1886)
- Julia Grant,First Lady of the United States (d.1902)
March 3 –Joseph Wharton, American industrialist (d.1909)
March 4
- John Buford, American general (d.1863)
- Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (d.1863)
March 24 –Matilda Joslyn Gage, Americanfeminist (d.1898)
March 29 –Wilhelm Liebknecht, German journalist, politician (d.1900)
April 3
- Cyrus K. Holliday, cofounder ofTopeka, Kansas, first president of theAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (d.1900)
- Reginald Heber, English priest (b. 1783)^[22]
April 6 –Gustave Moreau, French painter (d.1898)
May 3 – KingCharles XV of Sweden andNorway (d.1872)
May 4 –Frederic Edwin Church, American painter (d.1900)
May 7 –Varina Davis,First Lady of theConfederate States of America (d.1906)
May 8 –Miguel Ângelo Lupi, Portuguese painter (d.1883)
May 24 –Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin, Swiss international women's rights activist, pacifist (d.1899)
May 26 –Richard Christopher Carrington, English astronomer (d.1875)
May 28 –Benjamin Gratz Brown, American politician (d.1885)
June 24 –George Goyder, surveyor-general ofSouth Australia (d.1898)
June 26 –Warren F. Daniell, American politician (d.1913)
June 30 –Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (d.1915)

July–December

August Ahlqvist

Bernhard Riemann

Carlo Collodi

July 4
- Stephen Foster, American songwriter, poet (d.1864)
- Green Clay Smith,American temperance movement leader (d.1895)
July 8 –Benjamin Grierson, American Civil War general (d.1911)
July 31 –William S. Clark, American chemist, 3rd President of theMassachusetts Agricultural College (d.1886)
August 7 –August Ahlqvist, Finnish professor, poet, scholar of theFinno-Ugric languages, author, and literary critic (d.1889)^[23]
August 11 –Andrew Jackson Davis, American spiritualist (d.1910)
August 21 –Carl Gegenbaur, German anatomist, professor (d.1903)
September 8 –Sir James Corry, 1st Baronet, British politician (d.1891)
September 17 –Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (d.1866)
October 8 –Emily Blackwell, American physician (d.1910)
October 24 –Léopold Victor Delisle, Frenchmedievalist and Administrator General of theBibliotheque Nationale
November 10 –Jacob Hamburger, German rabbi and author (d.1911)^[24]
November 24 –Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (d.1890)
November 27 –Jonathan Young, United States Navy commodore (d.1885)
December 3 –George B. McClellan, American general, politician (d.1885)
December 8 –John Brown, Scottish personal servant and favourite of Queen Victoria (d.1883)

Date unknown

Cetshwayo kaMpande, Zulu king (d.1884)
Ellen Morton Littlejohn, American quilter (d. 1899)

Deaths

January–June

Carl Maria von Weber

Joseph von Fraunhofer

January 3
- Marie Le Masson Le Golft, French naturalist (b.1750)
- Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (b.1770)
January 17 –Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer (b.1806)
January 23 –Abraham Woodhull, Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (b.1750)
February 17 –John Manners-Sutton, British politician (b.1752)
March 10 – KingJohn VI of Portugal (b.1767)
March 29 –Johann Heinrich Voss, German poet (b.1751)
April 11 –Anton Walter, Austrian piano maker (b.1752)
April 25 –Karl Ludwig von Phull, German military leader (b.1757)
May 4
- Thomas Jeffrey, English-born bushranger, serial killer and cannibal in Van Diemen's Land, hanged (b. c.1791)
- Sebastián Kindelán y O'Regan, Spanish colonial governor in Cuba (b.1757)
May 7 –Sophie Hagman, Swedish ballerina, royal mistress (b.1758)
May 16
- Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna, consort ofAlexander I of Russia (b.1779)
- Joseph Holt, 1798 United Irish rebel general (b.1756)
June 3 –Nikolay Karamzin, Russian language reformer (b.1766)
June 5 –Carl Maria von Weber, German composer (b.1786)
June 7 –Joseph von Fraunhofer, German optician (b.1787)

July–December

July 4
- Thomas Jefferson, 83, 3rd President of the United States, dies at 12:50 p.m. at his home,Monticello, nearCharlottesville, Virginia. (b.1743)^[25]
- John Adams, 90, 2nd President of the United States (b.1735), at 6:20 in the evening at his home inQuincy, Massachusetts.^[26]
July 5
- Joseph Proust, French chemist (b.1754)
- Stamford Raffles, British colonial governor, founder of Singapore (b.1781)
July 8 –Luther Martin, delegate to the American Constitutional Convention (b.1746)
July 22 –Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (b.1746)
July 25 –Sergey Muravyov-Apostol, Russian Army officer (b.1796)
July 26 –James Winchester, American general and politician (b.1752)
August 2 –George Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea, English cricketer (b.1752)
August 13 –René Laennec, French physician (b.1781)
August 15 –Hanne Tott, Danish circus artist, manager (b.1771)
August 28 –Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (b.1752)
September 7 –Robert Wright (politician), American politician (b.1752)
September 12 –Eliphalet Pearson, American educator (b.1752)
October 8 –Marie-Guillemine Benoist, French painter (b.1768)
October 25 –Philippe Pinel, French physician (b.1745)
November 17 –Caroline Müller, Danish opera singer (b.1755)
November 23 –Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer (b.1747)
December 11 –Queen-Empress Maria Leopoldina, consort ofPedro IV of Portugal & I of Brazil (b.1797)

References

^MacLeod, (Xavier) Donald (1852).Life of Sir Walter Scott. New York: Charles Scribner.
^"Menai Suspension Bridge". Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). 18 November 2016. Retrieved20 July 2021.
^"Coopers New Novel This Day Is Published by H.C. Carey & I. Lea, corner of Fourth and Chestnut".The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 4, 1826. p. 2.
^Kaushik Roy and Sourish Saha,Armed Forces and Insurgents in Modern Asia (Routledge, 2016)
^Grigson, Caroline (2016).Menagerie: The History of Exotic Animals in England. Oxford University Press.
^Cox, David J. (February 2010).A Certain Share of Low Cunning: A History of the Bow Street Runners, 1792-1839. Routledge. p. 196.ISBN 978-1-317-43672-0.
^"Story: Wakefield, Edward Gibbon".The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved21 August 2024.
^Carlson, Robert E. (1969).The Liverpool & Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.ISBN 0-7153-4646-6.
^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^^a ^bFrances L. Reinhold, "New research on the first pan-American congress held at Panama in 1826."Hispanic American Historical Review 18.3 (1938): 342-363online.
^"Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840". Archived fromthe original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved2007-09-12.
^Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
^Stillman Rogers,It Happened in New Hampshire: Remarkable Events That Shaped History (Globe Pequot, 2012) pp.54-56
^A. P. Bentley,History of the Abduction of William Morgan and the Anti-masonic Excitement of 1826-30, with Many Details and Incidents Never Before Published (Van Cise & Throop, 1874) pp.15-24.
^Awdry, Christopher (1990).Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens Ltd.ISBN 1-85260-049-7.
^"Granite Railway".Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved2008-05-19.
^"The First Railroad in America".Catskill Archive. Granite City B.P.O.E. - Quincy Lodge No. 943. 1924. Retrieved2008-05-19.
^Jacques Sirat,Braquenié: French Textiles and Interiors Since 1823 (Antique Collectors Club Limited, 1998) p16
^"The Bourse", inFrank Leslie's New Family Magazine (July 1858) p42
^Bates, W.B. (April 1956)."A Sketch History of Nacogdoches".Southwestern Historical Quarterly.59 (4). Texas State Historical Association: 494. RetrievedNovember 20, 2013.
^Unverdorben, O. "Ueber das Verhalten der organischen Körper in höheren Temperaturen".Annalen der Physik und Chemie.8:397–410.
^Hughes, Derrick (1986).Bishop Sahib: A Life of Reginald Heber.Worthing, UK: Churchman Publishing. pp. 178–180.ISBN 978-1-85093-043-3.
^H. K. Riikonen."Ahlqvist, August (1826-1889)" (in Finnish). kansallisbiografia. RetrievedJuly 6, 2021.
^ Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906)."HAMBURGER, JACOB".The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
^Martin, Russell L. (June 7, 1988)."Jefferson's Last Words".Monticello. RetrievedFebruary 2, 2019.
^"BBC - History - John Adams".www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved29 March 2022.

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