This article is about the year 1688. For the company, see
Alibaba Group .
Calendar year
November 15 : TheGlorious Revolution begins asWilliam of Orange , primary Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, leads an invasion of England with 20,000 soldiers and marches towardsLondon .1688 (MDCLXXXVIII ) was aleap year starting on Thursday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Sunday of theJulian calendar , the 1688th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 88th year of the17th century , and the 9th year of the1680s decade. As of the start of 1688, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirateRaveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city ofOcotal .[ 1] January 5 – PiratesCharles Swan andWilliam Dampier and the crew of the privateerCygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent ofAustralia .[ 2] January 11 – ThePatta Fort and theAvandha Fort , located in what is nowIndia 'sMaharashtra state nearAhmednagar , are captured from theMaratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.January 17 –Ilona Zrínyi , who has defended thePalanok Castle inHungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to GeneralAntonio Caraffa .January 29 – MadameJeanne Guyon , French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.[ 3] January 30 (January 20, 1687 old style) –King James II of England and Scotland issuesa proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender toSir Robert Holmes .[ 4] February 7 – Six French Jesuit scientists,Joachim Bouvet ,Jean-François Gerbillon ,Louis-Daniel Lecomte ,Guy Tachard ,Claude de Visdelou and the leader,Jean de Fontaney , arrive inBeijing and are welcomed by theEmperor of China, Kangxi .[ 5] February 17 –James Renwick , the last of theCovenanters in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority ofKing Charles II , is publicly hanged atGrassmarket square inEdinburgh .February 23 –Abaza Siyavuş Pasha , theGrand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire , is assassinated by theJanissaries , the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.February 28 – The French operaDavid et Jonathas Marc-Antoine Charpentier , is performed for the first time.[ 6] March 1 – A great fire devastatesBungay ,England .[ 7] March –William Dampier makes the first recorded visit toChristmas Island , now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).April 3 –Francesco Morosini becomesDoge of Venice .[ 8] : 346 [ 9] April 9 –Morean War : The Venetian forces underFrancesco Morosini evacuateAthens [ 10] Piraeus .April 18 (Julian calendar) – The GermantownQuaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by fourGermantown Quakers .[ 11] May 4 – KingJames II of England orders hisDeclaration of Indulgence , suspending penal laws againstCatholics , to be read from everyAnglican pulpit in England.[ 12] Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; onJune 8 theArchbishop of Canterbury ,William Sancroft , is imprisoned in theTower of London for refusing to proclaim it.May 9 (April 29OS ) –Friedrich Wilhelm , theGreat Elector ofBrandenburg-Prussia , dies.[ 13] Friedrich III becomesElector of Brandenburg-Prussia until1701 , when he becomes the first King ofPrussia , as Friedrich I.May 10 – KingNarai ofAyutthaya nominates PrincessSudawadi as his successor, withConstantine Phaulkon , Mom Pi andPhetracha acting as joint regents.[ 14] : 444 [ 15] May 17 – The arrest of KingNarai of Ayutthaya launches acoup d'état .June 5 June 10 – The birth ofJames Francis Edward Stuart (later known as theOld Pretender ), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wifeMary of Modena , atSt James's Palace in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.June 24 – French forces underChevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison atMergui , following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.[ 18] June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (theImmortal Seven stadtholder William III of Orange andPrincess Mary to "defend the liberties of England", and deposeKing James VII and II .[ 19] October 21 – The Venetians raise thesiege of Negroponte .[ 8] : 358 October 26 – KingJames II of England dismisses hisminister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland .[ 26] November 11 (November 1OS ) –Glorious Revolution :William III of Orange sets sail a second time fromHellevoetsluis , the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland fromKing James II of England .[ 27] [ 28] November 15 (November 5OS ) – The Glorious Revolution begins:William of Orange lands atTorbay , England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.[ 29] Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march onLondon .November 19 (November 9OS ) – William of Orange capturesExeter , after the magistrates flee the city.[ 30] November 20 (November 10OS ) – TheWincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led byPatrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.[ 31] November 23 – A group of 1,500Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of thetsar laysiege to theirmonastery onLake Onega .November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed inEngland ,Louis XIV declares war on theNetherlands .[ 32] December 7 –December 7 : The shutting of the gates inDerry in a stained glass window of theGuildhall [ 33] Derry are shut in front of the JacobiteEarl of Antrim and his "redshanks".[ 34] siege of Derry , which is the first major event in theWilliamite War in Ireland .December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.December 11 – Having led his army toSalisbury and been deserted by his troops,James VII and II attempts to flee to France.December 18 –William of Orange , Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.[ 35] Emanuel Swedenborg January 15 –Maria van Lommen , Dutch gold- andsilversmith (d.1742 )[ 38] January 18 –Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset , Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d.1765 )[ 39] January 23 – QueenUlrika Eleonora of Sweden (d.1741 )[ 40] January 29 –Emanuel Swedenborg , Swedish scientist, philosopher and theologian (d.1772 )[ 41] February 4 –Pierre de Marivaux , French playwright (d.1763 )[ 42] March –William Burnet , British colonial administrator (d.1729 )[ 43] March 14 –Anna Maria Garthwaite , British designer (d.1763 )[ 44] April 4 –Joseph-Nicolas Delisle , French astronomer (d.1768 )[ 45] April 15 –Johann Friedrich Fasch , German composer (d.1758 )[ 46] May 21 –Alexander Pope , English poet (d.1744 )[ 47] June 10 –James Francis Edward Stuart ,The Old Pretender , claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d.1766 )[ 48] July 19 –Giuseppe Castiglione , Italian missionary to China (d.1766 )[ 49] June 30 –Abu l-Hasan Ali I , ruler of Tunisia (d.1756 )August 14 – KingFrederick William I of Prussia (d.1740 )September 12 –Ferdinand Brokoff , Czech sculptor (d.1731 )[ 50] October 17 –Domenico Zipoli , Italian-born composer (d.1726 )[ 51] October 22 –Nader Shah ofPersia (d.1747 )[ 52] November 15 (bapt.) –Charles Rivington , English publisher (d.1742 )[ 53] Ferdinand Verbiest James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond January 7 –James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk [ 54] January 27 –Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang , concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (b.1613 )[ 55] January 28 –Ferdinand Verbiest , Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b.1623 )[ 56] February 2 –Abraham Duquesne , French naval officer (b.1610 )[ 57] February 13 –David Christiani , German mathematician and philosopher (b.1610 )[ 58] February 17 –James Renwick , Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (b.1662 )[ 59] February 28 –Johann Sigismund Elsholtz , German naturalist and physician (b.1623 )[ 60] March 1 –Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England (b.1636 )[ 61] March 3 –Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (b.1615 )[ 62] March 8 –Honoré Fabri , French mathematician (b.1608 )[ 63] March 20 –Maria of Orange-Nassau , Dutch princess (b.1642 )[ 64] March 23 –Marcantonio Giustinian , 107th Doge of Venice (b.1619 )[ 65] March 26 –Winston Churchill , English noble, soldier (b.1620 )[ 66] March 27 –Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna , Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (b.1621 )[ 67] April 28 –Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow , German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (b.1638 )[ 68] April 29 –Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg (b.1620 )[ 13] May 14 –Antoine Furetière , French writer (b.1619 )[ 69] May 22 –Johannes Andreas Quenstedt , German theologian (b.1617 )[ 70] June 1 –Peder Hansen Resen , Danish historian (b.1625 )[ 71] June 3 –Maximilian Henry of Bavaria , Roman Catholic bishop (b.1621 )[ 72] June 5 –Constantine Phaulkon , Greek adventurer (b.1647 )[ 17] June 26 June 28 –Richard Winwood , English politician (b.1609 )[ 75] June 29 –Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere , Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (b.1618 )[ 76] July 11 – KingNarai of Thailand (b.1639 )[ 14] : 453 July 21 –James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde , Irish statesman (b.1610 )[ 77] August 25 –Henry Morgan , Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c.1635 )[ 78] August 31 –John Bunyan , English writer (b.1628 )[ 79] September 2 –Robert Viner , Lord Mayor of London (b.1631 )[ 80] September 9 –Claude Mellan , French painter and engraver (b.1598 )[ 81] September 13 –Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.1619 )[ 82] September 20 –Queen Jangnyeol , Korean royal consort (b.1624 )November 26 –Jacques Goulet , early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (b.1615 )[ 83] October 4 October 6 –Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle , English statesman (b.1653 )[ 87] October 9 –Claude Perrault , French architect (b.1613 )[ 88] October 14 –Joachim von Sandrart , German Baroque art-historian and painter (b.1606 )[ 89] October 23 –Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange , French philologist (b.1610 )[ 90] November 26 –Philippe Quinault , French dramatist (b.1635 )[ 91] November 29 –Bohuslav Balbín , Czech writer and Jesuit (b.1621 )[ 92] December 4 –Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet , Member of Parliament (b.1610 )[ 93] December 8 –Thomas Flatman , British artist (b.1635 )[ 94] December 15 –Gaspar Fagel , Dutch statesman (b.1634 )[ 95] December 15 –Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart , French military man, brother ofMadame de Montespan (b.1636 )[ 96] ^ de Lussan, Raveneau; 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