Calendar year
September 2 : TheHoly League Alliance of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia and Austria liberates the Hungarian city ofBuda (now part ofBudapest ) from theOttoman Empire in theBattle of Buda .1686 (MDCLXXXVI ) was acommon year starting on Tuesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Friday of theJulian calendar , the 1686th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 86th year of the17th century , and the 7th year of the1680s decade. As of the start of 1686, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 3 – InMadras (nowChennai ) in India, local residents employed by theEast India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administratorWilliam Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.[ 1] [ 2] January 17 –King Louis XIV ofFrance reports the success of theEdict of Fontainebleau , issued on October 22 against the ProtestantHuguenots , and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.[ 3] January 29 – InGuatemala , Spanish Army Captain Melchor Rodríguez Mazariegos leads a campaign to conquer theindigenous Maya people in the rain forests ofLacandona , departing fromHuehuetenango to rendezvous with the colonial governor atSan Mateo Ixtatán .January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism,Victor Amadeus II , the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against theValdesi , the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.[ 4] February 15 – After the Valdesi in theDuchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for theSwedish Church Law 1686 , after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.[ 5] Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.[ 6] February 27 –Gabriel Milan , the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order ofKing Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back toCopenhagen , Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.[ 7] March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command ofPierre de Troyes , begins theHudson Bay expedition , departing fromMontreal on an 800-mile (1,300 km) journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of theHudson's Bay Company .[ 8] Moose Factory on June 19.[ 9] April 9 – As the Valdesi rebellion continues, the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict, giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree.April 22 – In the wake of Savoy's newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi,a third war breaks out and Protestant pastorHenri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3,000 rebel soldiers against 8,500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries. The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month.May 4 – TheMunicipality ofIlagan is founded in thePhilippines .[ 10] May 6 – TheTreaty of Perpetual Peace (1686) is signed between theTsardom of Russia and thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , recognizing the former's possession ofLeft-bank Ukraine and the city ofKyiv , as agreed upon in the earlierTreaty of Andrusovo in1667 .[ 11] Great Turkish War , on the side of theHoly League of 1684 .[ 12] May 14 –Joseph Dudley formally begins his tenure, as President of the Council of the newly formedDominion of New England .[ 13] May 25 – The thirdwar against the Protestant Valdesi ends. Soon afterward, 2,000 of the Valdesi are massacred, 8,500 taken prisoner and about 3,000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism.June 20 – French Canadian soldiers on theHudson Bay expedition capture the first of the BritishHudson's Bay Company outposts, with the surrender the unarmed inhabitants of the fortress atMoose Factory, Ontario .[ 14] July 9 – TheGrand Alliance (League of Augsburg) is founded, in response to claims made byLouis XIV of France on theElectorate of the Palatinate inwestern Germany . It comprises theHoly Roman Empire , theNetherlands ,Sweden ,Spain , the electors ofBavaria ,Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.[ 15] [ 16] July 17 – KingJames II of England appoints fourRoman Catholics to thePrivy Council of England ,[ 17] Test Acts , which bar Catholics from public office. Suspicions about James's intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting atCharborough House inDorset , to plan his overthrow and replacement with theProtestant DutchStadtholder ,William III of Orange-Nassau (James's son-in-law).July 18 –An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress atAlbazino on theAmur River . The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.July 22 –Albany, New York , is granted a city charter by the colonial governor.[ 18] August 4 – Portuguese soldiers hired by theEast India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal. The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends.August 15 –Christina , who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.August 16 –King James VII of Scotland dismisses theParliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.August 17 – Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in theProvince of Carolina (nowPort Royal, South Carolina ) and plunder the city.[ 19] Charles Town .September 2 –Great Turkish War :Battle of Buda – Imperial forces of theHoly League of 1684 (Russia ,Saxony ,Brandenburg andBavaria underAustrian leadership) liberateBuda (now part ofBudapest ) fromOttoman Turkish rule (leading to the end of Ottoman rule inHungary during subsequent years).[ 20] September 4 – Ahurricane savesCharleston, South Carolina from attack bySpanish vessels.[ 21] September 30 – The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.[ 22] October 17 – As theSavoyard–Waldensian wars , draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that theProtestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families.[ 23] October 22 – In theGreat Turkish War , theSiege of Pécs ends when the Ottoman-held city, located across theDanube River from the recent liberatedBuda , surrenders[ 24] Holy League , continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary.[ 25] Budapest .October 23 –Szeged , now the second largest city inHungary , is liberated from Turkish Ottoman rule.[ 26] October 31 –Anglurah Agung , the virtual leader of the island ofBali as king of the paramount state ofGelgel , is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang (who also dies in the fighting), ending the unification of the island (now part of Indonesia) and causing Bali to split into several principalities.November 26 – TheTreaty of Whitehall , more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America, is signed at thePalace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England, with both sides pledging that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality".[ 27] King William's War breaks out in what is now the U.S. state ofMaine .November 30 –Melchor Portocarrero, 3rd Count of Monclova becomes the newViceroy of New Spain (encompassing what is nowMexico and much of the southwestern United States) as he arrives in Mexico City to take over at the end of the term ofTomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquess of la Laguna .[ 28] December 20 –Edmund Andros arrives inBoston to become the British Governor of the newly createdDominion of New England , which includes most of the what are now the U.S. states ofConnecticut ,Maine ,Massachusetts ,New Hampshire ,New Jersey ,Rhode Island ,Vermont and much of the eastern portion ofNew York .[ 29] December 22 –Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg andDuke of Prussia , head of theHouse of Hohenzollern , enters into an alliance with theHoly Roman Empire .Hans Egede Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit Allan Ramsay January 8 –William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1703–1723) (d.1723 )[ 34] January 12 –Adam Christian Thebesius , German anatomist (d.1732 )[ 35] January 17 –Archibald Bower , Scottish historian (d.1766 )[ 36] January 23 –Moritz Georg Weidmann , German bookseller (d.1743 )[ 37] January 31 –Hans Egede , Norwegian Lutheran missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland (d.1758 )[ 38] February 1 –Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine , French noblewoman, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat (d.1710 )[ 39] February 2 –John Eames , English academic (d.1744 )[ 40] February 10 –Jan Frederik Gronovius , Dutch botanist notable as a patron of Linnaeus (d.1762 )February 11 –William Bowles , British politician (d.1748 )[ 41] February 13 –John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford , British noble (d.1703 )February 14 –Harry Pulteney , British politician (d.1767 )[ 42] February 16 –Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim , German countess (d.1753 )March 17 –Jean-Baptiste Oudry , French painter (d.1755 )[ 43] March 22 –James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (d.1744 )[ 44] March 27 –Johann Jakob Quandt , Lutheran theologian, translated the Bible into Lithuanian (d.1772 )[ 45] April 1 –Jan Frans van Bredael , Flemish painter (d.1750 )[ 46] April 7 –François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil , French nobleman (d.1743 )[ 47] April 8 –Stefano Felice Ficatelli , Italian painter of the late Baroque period (d.1771 )April 9 –James Craggs the Younger , English politician (d.1721 )[ 48] April 19 –Vasily Tatishchev , Russian statesman, ethnographer (d.1750 )[ 49] April 28 –Michael Brokoff , Czech sculptor (d.1721 )April 29 –Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (d.1742 )[ 50] May 19 –Samuel-Jacques Bernard , French billionaire (d.1753 )[ 51] May 24 –Gabriel Fahrenheit , German physicist, inventor of the Fahrenheit temperature scale (d.1736 )[ 52] May 25 –William Steuart (d.1768 )[ 53] May 31 –Antonina Houbraken , Dutch artist (d.1736 )[ 54] June 5 June 6 –John Reading , Colonial Governor of New Jersey (d.1767 )[ 57] June 7 June 9 June 24 –Domenico Montagnana , Italian luthier (d.1750 )June 29 –Pietro Paolo Troisi , Maltese artist (d.1743 )[ 61] July 3 –Edward Watson, Viscount Sondes , Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d.1722 )[ 62] July 5 –Jan Macaré , interim Dutch governor of Ceylon (d.1742 )[ 63] July 6 –Antoine de Jussieu , French naturalist (d.1758 )[ 64] July 9 –Philip Livingston , American politician (d.1749 )[ 65] July 24 –Benedetto Marcello , Italian composer (d.1739 )[ 66] July 25 –William Hardres , British politician (d.1736 )[ 67] July 27 –Mary Butterworth , American colonial counterfeiter (d.1775 )[ 68] July 31 –Charles, Duke of Berry , grandson of Louis XIV of France (d.1714 )August 3 –Gervais Baudoin , Canadian physician (d.1752 )[ 69] August 10 –Johann Georg Christian, Prince of Lobkowicz , Austrian field marshal (d.1755 )[ 70] August 12 August 17 –Nicola Porpora , Neapolitan composer of Baroque operas and teacher of singing (d.1768 )[ 73] August 18 –Peter von Bemmel , German artist (d.1754 )August 19 –Eustace Budgell , English writer and politician (d.1737 )[ 74] August 22 –Albert Schultens , Dutch philologist (d.1750 )[ 75] August 26 orAugust 27 –Agostino Cornacchini , Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period (d.1754 )[ 76] [ 77] August 29 –Aloysius Centurione , Italian Jesuit (d.1757 )[ 78] September 5 –Antoine Touron , French historian (d.1775 )September 29 –Cosmas Damian Asam , German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (d.1739 )[ 79] September 30 –John Alexander (d.1743 )October 15 –Allan Ramsay , Scottish poet (ormakar ) (d.1758 )[ 80] October 17 –Jacques Hardion , French historian (d.1766 )[ 81] October 17 (bapt.) ? –John Machin , English mathematician (d.1751 )October 19 –Peter van der Bosch , Jesuit hagiographer (d.1736 )[ 82] October 30 –Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau , French politician (d.1732 )[ 83] October 31 –Senesino , Italian singer (d.1758 )[ 84] November 1 November 13 –Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga , Tuscan princess (d.1741 )[ 87] November 15 –Claude Louis d'Espinchal, marquis de Massiac , French politician (d.1770 )November 16 –Yinxiang , Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (d.1730 )[ 88] November 23 –Ignácio Barbosa-Machado , Portuguese historian (d.1734 )[ 89] November 30 –Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough (d.1740 )[ 90] December 8 –John Dawnay , British politician (d.1740 )[ 91] December 15 –Jean-Joseph Fiocco , Flemish composer (d.1746 )[ 92] December 25 –Giovanni Battista Somis , Italian violinist and composer (d.1763 )[ 93] date unknown –approximate date – QueenNanny of the Maroons , Jamaican national heroine (d.1755 )Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie Otto von Guericke Eleonora Gonzaga January 10 –Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo , Peruvian nun (b.1602 )[ 96] January 17 –Carlo Dolci , Italian painter (b.1616 )[ 97] January 19 –Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby , English politician (b.1657 )[ 98] January 21 –François Blondel , French architect (b.1618 )[ 99] January 22 – DuchessJohanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg (b.1656 )[ 100] January 31 –Jean Mairet , French dramatist (b.1604 )[ 101] February 6 (dubious) –Dorothy White , English Quaker and writer (b.1630 )[ 102] February 10 –William Dugdale , English antiquarian (b.1605 )[ 103] February 21 –Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau , Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b.1603 )[ 104] March 17 –Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels , Regent of Oels (b.1625 )March 22 –John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b.1654 )[ 105] : 146 March 26 –Charlotte, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel , German noble (b.1627 )April 6 –Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey , English royalist statesman (b.1614 )[ 106] April 19 –Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra , Spanish writer (b.1610 )[ 107] April 23 –Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (b.1660 )[ 108] April 26 –Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie , Swedish statesman and military man (b.1622 )[ 109] May 11 –Otto von Guericke , German physicist and inventor of theMagdeburg Hemispheres (b.1602 )[ 110] May 29 –Ove Juul , Governor-General of Norway (b.1615 )[ 111] May 31 –Nicholas Barré , French Minim friar, priest and founder (b.1621 )[ 112] June 23 –William Coventry , English statesman (b. c.1628 )[ 113] July 10 –John Fell , English churchman (b.1625 )[ 114] July 16 –John Pearson , English theologian (b.1612 )[ 115] August 3 –Anna Margaret of Hesse-Homburg , Duchess consort of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b.1629 )[ 105] : 73 August 13 –Louis Maimbourg , French-born historian (b.1610 )[ 116] September 19 –John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach , German duke (b.1634 )[ 117] October 26 –John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater , English politician (b.1623 )[ 118] November 1 –William Duckett , English politician (b.1624 )[ 119] November 25 –Nicolas Steno , Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (b.1638 )[ 120] November 28 –Nicolas Letourneux , French preacher, ascetical writer (b.1640 )[ 121] December 6 –Eleonora Gonzaga , Queen consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b.1630 )[ 122] December 11 –Louis, Grand Condé , French general (b.1621 )[ 123] December 12 –Charles de Noyelle , French Jesuit Superior General (b.1615 )[ 124] December 24 –Philip Packer , British barrister and architect (b.1618 )date unknown but beforeMay 8 –Joseph Bridger , Colonial Governor of Virginia (b.1631 )[ 125] ^ Tchitcherov, Alexander I (1998).India: changing economic structure in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries : outline history of crafts and trade ISBN 978-81-7304-062-7 . RetrievedMay 6, 2023 . ^ "Records of Fort St. George. Diary and consultation book (1686-1689)" .Records of Fort St. George . Madras: Superintendent Government Press. 1913. RetrievedMay 6, 2023 .^ Scoville, Warren Candler (1960).The persecution of Huguenots and French economic development, 1680-1720 . RetrievedMay 6, 2023 . ^ Wylie, James Aitken (2001).History of the Waldenses 163– 165.ISBN 978-1-57258-185-2 . RetrievedMay 6, 2023 . ^ A. F. Upton,Charles XI and Swedish Absolutism (Cambridge University Press, 1998) p. 110 ^ Du Rietz, Anita (2013).Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år . Stockholm: Dialogos. ^ Krarup, Janus (January 1, 1894)."Gabriel Milan og Somme af hans Samtid. II. (Sluttet)" .Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift (in Danish).3 (3): 47.ISSN 2445-4958 . ^ Elle Andra-Warner,Hudson's Bay Company Adventures: Tales of Canada's Fur Traders (Heritage House, 2011) ^ Kenyon, Walter Andrew (1986).The History of James Bay, 1610-1686: A Study in Historical Archaeology ISBN 978-0-88854-316-5 . RetrievedMay 7, 2023 . ^ Malumbres, Julian (1919).Historia de Nueva-Vizcaya y provincia montanõsa . RetrievedMay 11, 2023 . ^ Bushkovitch, Paul (September 27, 2001).Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725 ISBN 978-1-139-43075-3 . RetrievedMay 11, 2023 . ^ Koziara, Thomas P. (November 18, 2020).Historia Nostra: The Complete History of Poland: 1586 to Present . RetrievedMay 11, 2023 . ^ Barry, John Stetson (1855).The History of Massachusetts . RetrievedMay 11, 2023 . ^ Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix,History and General Description of New France (F. P. Harper, 2013) p. 970 ^ "Augsburg, League of", inThe Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge (Encyclopedia Americana Corporation, 1918) p. 541 ^ Kenneth M. Setton,Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century (American Philosophical Society, 1991) p. 390 ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 196– 197.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ Howell, George Rogers (1897).The Date of the Settlement of the Colony of New York . RetrievedMay 12, 2023 . ^ Worth, John E. (February 4, 2007).The Struggle for the Georgia Coast ISBN 978-0-8173-5411-4 . RetrievedMay 13, 2023 . ^ Almási, Gábor (January 12, 2015).A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699; Volume 3 – The Making and Uses of the Image of Hungary and Transylvania ISBN 978-1-4438-7307-9 . RetrievedMay 13, 2023 . ^ Vance A. Myers,Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast , NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15 ^ Nazor, Ante (January 21, 2001)."PoljiËani u Morejskom ratu (1684.-1699.)" .Povijesni prilozi (in Croatian).20 (21): 51. RetrievedMay 13, 2023 . ^ Lovisa, Barbro (1994).Italienische Waldenser und das protestantische Deutschland 1655 bis 1989 ISBN 978-3-525-56539-1 . RetrievedMay 18, 2023 . ^ Kolta, János (1958).Baranya . RetrievedMay 18, 2023 . ^ "After the victory against Turkish" . September 28, 2011. Archived fromthe original on September 28, 2011. RetrievedMay 18, 2023 .^ Török, József (1990).Szerzetes- és lovagrendek Magyarországon ISBN 978-963-243-723-1 . RetrievedMay 18, 2023 . ^ Max Savelle,Origins of American Diplomacy: The International History of Angloamerica 1492—1763 (Macmillan, 1967), p. 108 ^ Müller, Johann Wilhelm Baron (1865).Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico . RetrievedMay 22, 2023 . ^ Transactions of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts . RetrievedMay 22, 2023 .^ "Robert Plot" (PDF) .ox.ac.uk . RetrievedMay 22, 2023 .^ Collins, Andrew (March 2009).The New Circlemakers: Insights into the Crop Circle Mystery ISBN 978-0-87604-549-7 . RetrievedMay 22, 2023 . ^ Kilburn, Kevin J (February 1999)."Dr Plot and the amazing double sunset" .Astronomy & Geophysics .40 (1):120– 122.doi :10.1093/astrog/40.1.1.20 ISSN 1468-4004 . RetrievedMay 22, 2023 . ^ Satin, Morton (October 31, 2011).Coffee Talk: The Stimulating Story of the World's Most Popular Brew ISBN 978-1-61592-732-6 . RetrievedMay 22, 2023 . ^ Seidel, Paul (1914).Hohenzollern-Jahrbuch . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 . ^ Mettenleiter, Andreas (2001).Adam Christian Thebesius (1686-1732) und die Entdeckung der Vasa cordis minima: Biographie, Textedition, medizinhistorische Würdigung und Rezeptionsgeschichte ISBN 978-3-515-07917-4 . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 . ^ Stephen, Leslie (1886).Dictionary of National Biography . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 . ^ Petzholdt, Julius (1865).Anzeiger für Bibliographie und Bibliothekwissenschaft . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 . ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1890).Dansk biografisk Lexikon . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 . ^ Journal de la Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 .^ Gordon, Alexander (2004)."Eames, John (1686–1744), Independent layman and tutor" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/8389 . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 . (Subscription orUK public library membership required.) ^ "BOWLES, William (1686-1748)" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedMay 27, 2023 .^ "PULTENEY, Harry (1686-1767)" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedMay 27, 2023 .^ Opperman, Hal N. (1977).Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1686 to 1755 ISBN 978-0-8240-2718-6 . RetrievedMay 27, 2023 . ^ Cokayne, George E.; Howard de Walden, Thomas Evelyn Scott-Ellis; Warrand, Duncan; Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H. Arthur; White, Geoffrey H. (Geoffrey Henllan) (1910).The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct, or dormant . RetrievedMay 27, 2023 . ^ McClintock, John (1888).Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature . RetrievedMay 27, 2023 . ^ Branden, Franz Jozef Peter van den (1883).Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool ^ Pitois, Christian (1851).Mémorial de la noblesse: chronologie militaire de France depuis les premiers temps de la monarchie . RetrievedMay 28, 2023 . ^ Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (1922).The Dictionary of National Biography . RetrievedMay 28, 2023 . ^ Емельянов, Борис (May 15, 2022).Русская философия. Словарь персоналий ISBN 978-5-04-330166-6 . RetrievedMay 28, 2023 . ^ Burke, Bernard (1866).A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire . RetrievedMay 28, 2023 . ^ Sainte-Marie, Anselme de (1733).Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ JANUSZAJTIS, ANDRZEJ (2003)."FAMILY BACKGROUND, BIRTH AND BAPTISM OF DANIEL GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT" (PDF) .TASK Quarterly .7 (3):467– 472. RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Hayton, David; Cruickshanks, Eveline (2002).The House of Commons, 1690-1715 ISBN 978-0-521-77221-1 . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ "Houbraken, Antonina" .resources.huygens.knaw.nl (in Dutch). RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ Collen, Henry (1847).Debrett's Genealogical Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Dionisotti, Carlo (1862).Notizie biografiche dei Vercellesi illustri 17– 18. RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Reading, Miller K. (1903).William Bowne, of Yorkshire, England and His Descendants . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910).The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Половцова, А. А. (1905).Русский биографический словарь . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ The Americana . RetrievedMay 24, 2023 .^ "Pietro Paolo Troisi" (PDF) .um.edu.mt . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ "WATSON, Hon. Edward" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ MACARÉ, A.C."MACARÉ" .hogenda.nl (in Dutch). p. 13. RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910).Catholic Encyclopedia . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ "MARCELLO, Benedetto Giacomo" .treccani.it (in Italian). RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ Sedgwick, Romney (1970).The House of Commons, 1715-1754 ISBN 978-0-11-880098-3 . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ The New England Historical and Genealogical Register . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ Dictionary of Canadian biography ISBN 978-0-8020-3287-4 . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ Östreichische militärische Zeitschrift . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ Pyle, Andrew; Grayling, A.C.; Goulder, Naomi."John Balguy" .Oxford Reference . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006).Benezit Dictionary of Artists . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Swain, Joseph P. (May 8, 2023).Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music ISBN 978-1-5381-5162-4 . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Stephen, Leslie (1886).Dictionary of National Biography . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Wor, Adriaan (1750).Maendelyke uittreksels, of de Boekzael der geleerde werrelt . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Engass, Robert."CORNACCHINI, Agostino" .treccani.it (in Italian). RetrievedJune 2, 2023 . ^ Bullettino storico pistoiese . RetrievedJune 2, 2023 .^ Romeiras, Francisco Malta (September 16, 2019).Jesuits and the Book of Nature: Science and Education in Modern Portugal ISBN 978-90-04-38236-7 . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ Chilvers, Ian (2015).The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists ISBN 978-0-19-953294-0 . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ Scouten, Arthur Hawley (1985).St. James Reference Guide to English Literature: The Restoration and 18th century ISBN 978-0-912289-20-5 . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ Le Nécrologe des hommes célèbres de France: par une société de gens de lettres . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 .^ Herbermann, Charles George (1913).The Catholic Encyclopedia . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ Ferdinand Hoefer, Jean Chrétien (1861).Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ Vickers, David (July 5, 2017)."The unpublished Senesino" .Handel . Routledge. p. 17.ISBN 978-1-351-56425-0 . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ "Colin Campbell" .sok.riksarkivet.se . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 .^ Leche, V.; Nyström, J.F.; Warburg, K.; Westrin, Th. (1912).Nordisk familjebok . RetrievedJune 3, 2023 . ^ "GONZAGA, Eleonora" .treccani.it (in Italian). RetrievedJune 4, 2023 .^ Hummel Sr., Arthur W. (January 1, 2018).Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period: 1644-1911/2 ISBN 978-1-61472-849-8 . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 . ^ Machado, Diogo Barbosa (1747).Bibliotheca lusitana historica, critica, e cronologica . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 . ^ "LUMLEY, Hon. Richard" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 .^ "DAWNAY, Hon. John" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 .^ The New Grove Dictionary of Music and musicians ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5 . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 .^ Hirshberg, Jehoash (1984).Ten Italian violin concertos from Fonds Blancheton ISBN 978-0-89579-171-9 . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 . ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1911).The Encyclopaedia Britannica . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 . ^ "Newcomer" .ohiohistorycentral.org . June 23, 2006.Archived from the original on June 23, 2006. RetrievedJune 4, 2023 .^ "Bl. Ann of the Angels Monteagudo" .Monastery of Our Lady of Grace . January 10, 2023. RetrievedJune 5, 2023 .^ Boni, Filippo de (1840).Biografia degli artisti . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ "DIGBY, Simon, 4th Baron Digby of Geashill" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 .^ Bulletin de géographie historique et descriptive: vol. 1-27 . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 .^ Heydenreich, Gustav Heinrich (1840).Kirchen & schul-chronik der stadt & Ephorie Weissenfels seit 1539 . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ Lotheissen, Ferdinand (1877).Geschichte der französischen Literatur im XVII. Jahrhundert . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ "White, Dorothy (d. 1686?)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/45832 . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 .(Subscription orUK public library membership required.) ^ Museum, Ashmolean (1983).Tradescant's Rarities: Essays on the Foundation of the Ashmolean Museum, 1683, with a Catalogue of the Surviving Early Collections ISBN 978-0-19-813405-3 . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ Winkler, A.; Mittelsdorf, J. (1897).Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Hanau . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^a b Behr, Kamill (1870).Genealogie der in Europa . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ Selby, Walford Dakin (1884).The Genealogist . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ De Guzman, Juan Perez (1891).Colección de escritores castellanos ^ Stephen, Leslie (1899).Dictionary of National Biography . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ Cronholm, Abraham Peter (1836).Supplement till biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige svenske män . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . ^ Jahrreiss, Heribert (1987)."Otto von Guericke (1602–1686) in memoriam" .Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films .5 (4):2466– 2471.Bibcode :1987JVSTA...5.2466J .doi :10.1116/1.574874 . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1894).Dansk biografisk lexikon: tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814 . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Poutet, Yves (1960)."L'influence du Père Barré dans la fondation des Sœurs du Saint-Enfant-Jésus de Reims" .Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France .46 (143):18– 53.doi :10.3406/rhef.1960.3251 . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Catton, Charles (1790).The English Peerage; Or, a View of the Ancient and Present State of the English Nobility (etc.) . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Feingold, Mordechai (January 23, 2003).History of Universities: Volume XVIII/1 2003 ISBN 978-0-19-926202-1 . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ The Americana: A Universal Reference Library . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 .^ Dupin, Louis Ellies (1711).Nouvelle bibliotheque des auteurs ecclesiastiques, contenant l'histoire de leur vie, le catalogue, la critique, et la chronologie de leurs ouvrages: Le sommaire de ce qu'ils contiennent, un jugement sur leur style, et sur leur doctrine; et le denombrement des differentes editions de leurs oeuvres . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Dahlhoff, Matth (1874).Geschichte der Grafschaft Sayn und der Bestandtheile derselben der Grafschaften Sayn . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ "Egerton, John, second earl of Bridgewater" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/8588 . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 .(Subscription orUK public library membership required.) ^ "DUCKETT, William" .historyofparliamentonline.org . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 .^ Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Conde B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wynne, John J. (1913).The Catholic Encyclopedia, Knights of Columbus Special Edition . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Vacant, A.; Mangenot, E.; Amann, E. (1926).Dictionnaire de théologie catholique . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ "ELEONORA Gonzaga Nevers" .treccani.it (in Italian). RetrievedJune 6, 2023 .^ "Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé | French general and prince" .Encyclopædia Britannica . RetrievedMarch 20, 2021 .^ Brucker, Joseph (1919).La compagnie de Jésus: esquisse de son histoire (1521-1773) . RetrievedJune 6, 2023 . ^ Chapman, Blanche Adams (May 2009).Wills and Administrations of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1647-1800, Books 1-3 ISBN 978-1-58549-273-2 . RetrievedJune 5, 2023 . 
