9th Air Refueling Squadron | |
|---|---|
 A TravisKC-10 Extender refuelsNavy fighters during a deployment | |
| Active | 1942–1945; 1951–1965; 1969–1982; 1982–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Air refueling |
| Size | over 150 personnel |
| Part of | Air Mobility Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Travis Air Force Base |
| Motto(s) | Universal |
| Engagements | Southwest Pacific Theater China-Burma-India Theater War in Kosovo |
| Decorations | Air Force Meritorious Unit Award Air Force Outstanding Unit Award |
| Commanders | |
| CurrentCommander | Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Baer[citation needed] |
| Current Operations Officer | Lt Col(sel) Barrett Meysembourg[citation needed] |
| First Sergeant | MSgt Angelica Asaeli[citation needed] |
| Current Squadron Superintendent | CMSgt Gerald James[citation needed] |
| Notable commanders | GeneralArthur J. Lichte GeneralPaul Selva Lieutenant GeneralMichelle D. Johnson |
| Insignia | |
| 9th Air Refueling Squadron emblem[a][1][2] |  |
| 9th Air Refueling Squadron emblem[b][2] | .png) |
| unofficial 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron emblem(World War II) | .png) |
| unofficial 9th Photographic Squadron emblem(early World War II)[c] |  |
| unofficial Patch |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Tanker | KC-10 Extender |
The9th Air Refueling Squadron is an activeUnited States Air Force unit, stationed atTravis Air Force Base, California, where it operates theMcDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender as part of the60th Operations Group.
Thesquadron was first active duringWorld War II as the9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, serving in combat theChina-Burma-India Theater from 1942 through 1945, primarily withLockheed F-4 and F-5 Lightningreconnaissance aircraft.
The9th Air Refueling Squadron was activated in 1951, and has operated theBoeing KB-29 Superfortress,Boeing KC-97, andBoeing KC-135 Stratotanker, prior to its currentair refueling equipment. It has been deployed worldwide, assisting in wartime, humanitarian, and peacekeeping efforts in often remote areas.
The9th Air Refueling Squadron mobilizes and deploys twelve KC-10 aircraft and over 140 personnel and equipment to worldwide forward operating locations. It generates 24-hour-a-day strategic airlift and air refueling sorties supporting U.S. and allied forces during contingency operations. It trainsaircrews to support and sustain Joint Chiefs of Staff directed missions. The 9th executes an 8,000+ flying hour program and a $580,000 budget.[3]
The first predecessor of thesquadron was organized in February 1942 atMitchell Field, New York, as the9th Photographic Squadron and was assigned directly toFirst Air Force. The unit began an intensive period of training for early deployment overseas withLockheed F-4 Lightning aircraft. By March, its destination had been settled as theChina-Burma-India Theater of Operations and it was assigned toTenth Air Force, which was moving to that theater.[4] The support elements of the squadron departed from theCharleston, South Carolina Port of Embarkation on theSS Mariposa in May.[1][5]
The squadron'saircrews remained behind to receive additional training atPeterson Field.[5] After The squadron's Lightnings went through modifications atDallas, Texas, they were delivered toNewark Army Air Base, New Jersey for shipment to India. The pilots then boarded transport planes for flight to India.[6]
The squadron did not arrive in India until late July, by which time it had been renamed the9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron.[1] Despite the haste with which it had been sent toKarachi, India and its long ocean voyage, it was an even longer voyage for its F-4 Lightnings, which only began to arrive in September.[1][7] In the interim, the squadron's mechanics helped assembleRepublic P-43 Lancer andVultee P-66 Vanguard fighters for delivery to theNationalist Chinese Air Force. However, this early in the war, techniques for sea transport of aircraft had not been developed and many of the squadron's aircraft had been damaged in preparing them for shipment. In particular, fuel tanks had not been fully drained causing severe deterioration of the self-sealing features, which resulted in the need for extensive work on the planes by the air depot atAgra.[6]
In October, the squadron sent a detachment toKunming Airport, China to build and operate a photographic processing laboratory for theChina Air Task Force. The detachment was augmented by four Lightnings in November.[1][5] The same month, the squadron moved toChakulia Airfield, India, which was already the home of the7th Bombardment Group, with the idea that the squadron could work with the 7th Group to provide prestrike and poststrike reconnaissance.[6] On 12 December, nearly five months after its official arrival in theater, the squadron flew its first combat reconnaissance mission over Burma.[5][d] Flights of squadron reconnaissance aircraft operated over a wide area of Burma, Thailand, and China untilVJ Day, obtaining aerial photos and reconnaissance of enemy positions and targets for heavy bomber attacks in support of British and American forces.[1]
.jpg)
In March 1943, a single Lightning and supporting personnel and equipment were detached toDinjan Airfield, India.[5] Combat attrition had seriously reduced the availability of the squadron's F-4s by this time, and two months later, the squadron began to fly a second type of plane, theNorth American B-25 Mitchell. The first Mitchell, formerly flown by the 7th Bombardment Group, arrived on 27 May. After modifying the B-25s to carry cameras the squadron flew its first combat mission with the B-25 on 10 June. Meanwhile, the squadron had begun receiving the newer F-5 reconnaissance version of the Lightning,[e] and the first F-5 mission was flown later the same month. In July, the squadron transferred the personnel and equipment at its detachment at Kunming to the21st Photographic Squadron, which had just arrived in the theater.[1][5][6]
Tenth Air Force formed the provisional 5306th Photographic and Reconnaissance Group in October 1943 and attached the squadron to it.[1][f] In December reconnaissance assets in India were centralized under Photo Reconnaissance Force, Eastern Air Command, a combinedArmy Air Forces andRoyal Air Forceheadquarters. The provisional group was discontinued on 17 January 1944 and its components, including the 9th, returned to the control of Tenth Air Force.[5]
In April 1944, the8th Photographic Group arrived in theater and the squadron was assigned to it.[8] Next month, the20th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron took over the reconnaissance mission at Dinjan, which the 9th had maintained since March 1943 with a brief pause, and squadron assets at Dinjan rejoined the squadron atBarrackpore Airfield.[5] However the squadron maintained detachments at other locations in India and Burma, includingTingkawk Sakan Airfield,Myitkyina Airfield andChittagong Airport. The Chittagong detachment augmentedNo. 224 Group RAF. Responsibility for this augmentation began to be transferred to the40th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron in November, and all 9th Squadron personnel had been withdrawn by the middle of December.[1][5]
The squadron remained in India after the Japanese surrender, but left for the United States in mid-November 1945 aboard theUSS General M. C. Meigs. Upon its arrival at the port of embarkation in the United States in December 1945, it was inactivated.[1]
The9th Air Refueling Squadron was activated on 1 August 1951 atDavis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona and equipped withBoeing KB-29M Superfortress aircraft. It was assigned to the9th Bombardment Group until June 1952, then to the9th Bombardment Wing. These headquarters were located atTravis Air Force Base, California, so the squadron was attached to various units at Davis-Monthan, while it trained onair refueling techniques. In 1953, thewing and squadron were finally united, when both moved toMountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho. In July, the squadron became nonoperational while the wing was becoming aBoeing B-47 Stratojet unit. By early 1954, both the wing and squadron were again operational.[1][9] By September 1954, the squadron had fully converted to theBoeing KC-97 Stratofreighter[3]
From Mountain Home, the squadron supportedOperation Reflex deploying as a unit toBen Guerir Air Base, French Morocco for three months in 1955 and later toElmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska in 1956.[1] It also deployed some of its personnel toAnderson Air Force Base, Guam.[3] In 1965, asStrategic Air Command (SAC) began to phase its B-47s and KC-97s out of service, the squadron was inactivated and its planes transferred to storage, while its parent became the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing and moved on paper toBeale Air Force Base, where it took over the resources of the4200th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, which was discontinued.[1][9][10][11]
The squadron was reactivated on 1 January 1970, when it joined the 9th Wing at Beale Air Force Base, as the456th Strategic Aerospace Wing expanded to include two tanker squadrons to support its ownBoeing B-52 Stratofortresses and theLockheed SR-71 Blackbirds of the 9th Wing. At Beale, the 9th flew theBoeing KC-135 Stratotanker.[1][12] Twelve years later, in January 1982, the squadron was again inactivated.[1] Its planes and personnel were used to form the350th Air Refueling Squadron, which was activated at Beale the next day.[13]
The squadron began its current, and longest, active period a few months later, in August, atMarch Air Force Base, California, where it equipped with theMcDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender as part of the22d Bombardment Wing. The following year, the squadron provided support forOperation Urgent Fury, the rescue of US students and replacement of the revolutionary government of Grenada with a constitutional one. On 19 September 1985, as part of a program to combine World War II combat units with those formed after the war, the9th Air Refueling Squadron was consolidated with the9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron.[1]
In 1989, squadron assets assisted inOperation Just Cause, the 1989 incursion into Panama that endedManuel Noriega's rule. The squadron supported deployments to Southwest Asia from 1990 to 1991 in Operations Desert Shield andDesert Storm. In September 1991, SAC implemented the Objective Wing organizational model and the squadron was transferred from the 22d Wing to its newly activated22d Operations Group.[1][3]
In 1992, the Air Force reorganized its major commands, combining air refueling andairlift units underAir Mobility Command (AMC), with the 22d Air Refueling Wing becoming an element of the new command. Under AMC, the squadron flewhumanitarian airlift missions to Somalia in support ofOperation Restore Hope during 1992–1993.[1] The1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, meanwhile, recommended that March be transferred toAir Force Reserve Command. As the transfer of the base to thereserves was implemented, the 22d Air Refueling Wing moved without personnel or equipment toMcConnell Air Force Base, Kansas, where it became a KC-135R wing.[14] The722d Air Refueling Wing was activated at March as a holding organization for the remaining regular Air Force units there on 1 January 1994, and the squadron became part of the 722d Wing until September 1994, when it moved toTravis Air Force Base, California and was assigned to the60th Operations Group.[1][15]
Although not deployed as a unit, crews and planes from the 9th supportedOperation Southern Watch, enforcement of the no fly zone in southern Iraq through the 1990s by refuelingmarine aircraft deploying toAviano Air Base, Italy. Its crews provided refueling for B-52s participating inOperation Desert Strike, cruise missile attacks on Iraqi forces in northern Iraq in September 1996 andOperation Desert Fox, later attacks on suspected Iraqi weapons sites. That same year, after terrorists sponsored by Libya struck a nightclub inBerlin, its crews supportedOperation El Dorado Canyon, the retaliatory bombing of Libya. It aidedOperation Allied Force, theNATO operation against Serbia in Kosovo in 1999 andOperation Deny Flight, enforcement of a no fly zone over Bosnia Herzegovina. It has provided airlift and refueling support for presidential travel.[3]
In 1997, the 9th orchestrated the first sixteen-ship mixed-cell refueling formation in AMC history for Operation Centraz Bat, the longest airdrop mission in aviation history, in which eightBoeing C-17 Globemaster IIIs delivered 540 paratroopers and their supporting equipment over nearly 8,000 miles.[3] Following the events of9/11, the 9th supportedOperation Noble Eagle. Starting in October 2001 and continuing to the present day, the unit has provided logistics support ofOperation Enduring Freedom and undertaken support inOperation Iraqi Freedom of 2003.[citation needed] In 2015, the squadron's boom operators were awarded the Albert Evans Trophy as the best refueling section in the USAF.[16]
|
|
|
|
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 July 2005 – 30 June 2007 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
 | Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 January 1957 – 31 January 1958 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 August 1982 – 30 June 1983 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1987 – 30 June 1989 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1989 – 30 June 1991 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1993 – 30 June 1995 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 August 1995 – 30 July 1997 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1997 – 30 June 1999 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1999 – 30 June 2000 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2000 – 30 June 2001 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2001 – 30 June 2003 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2003 – 30 June 2004 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2004 – 30 July 2005 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2007 – 30 June 2009 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2009 – 30 June 2010 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2010 – 30 June 2012 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2012 – 30 June 2013 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2013 – 30 June 2014 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2014 – 30 June 2015 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2015 – 30 June 2016 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2017 – 30 June 2018 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 2018 – 30 June 2020 | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Central Pacific | 24 July 1942 – 6 December 1943 | 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron[1] |
| China Defensive | 24 July 1942 – 4 May 1945 | 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron[1] |
| New Guinea | 24 January 1943 – 31 December 1944 | 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron[1] |
| India-Burma | 2 April 1943 – 28 January 1945 | 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron[1] |
| Central Burma | 29 January 1945 – 15 July 1945 | 9th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron[1] |
 | Kosovo Air Campaign | 9th Air Refueling Squadron[1] |
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
| Air Mobility Command (AMC) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbered Air Forces | | ||||||||||||
| Command Organizations | |||||||||||||
| Bases | |||||||||||||
| Group | |||||||||||||
| Wings |
| ||||||||||||
| Leadership |  | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structure |
| ||||||||||
| Personnel and training | |||||||||||
| Uniforms and equipment | |||||||||||
| History and traditions |
| ||||||||||
| Airfields |
| .png) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Airfields |
| .jpg) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
