93rd Air Refueling Squadron | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1942–1946; 1949–1995; 1995–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Air refueling |
| Part of | Air Mobility Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Fairchild Air Force Base |
| Nickname(s) | Vanguards (World War II) |
| Motto(s) | Domini ArtisLatin Masters of the Art (1995-present) |
| Engagements | China-Burma-India Theater |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Meritorious Unit Award Air Force Outstanding Unit Award withV Device Air Force Outstanding Unit Award[1] |
| Insignia | |
| 93rd Air Refueling Squadron emblem[note 1][1] |  |
| 93rd Air Refueling Squadron emblem[note 2] |  |
| 93rd Air Refueling Squadron emblem[note 3][2] |  |
| 493rd Bombardment Squadron emblem[3] |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Tanker | KC-135 Stratotanker |
The93rd Air Refueling Squadron is an activeUnited States Air Force unit, stationed atFairchild Air Force Base, Washington, where it is assigned to the92nd Operations Group and operates theBoeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft conductingair refueling missions.
The earliest predecessor of the squadron is the493rd Bombardment Squadron, which was activated in India in October 1942 and was equipped withConsolidated B-24 Liberators in January 1943. It participated in combat in theChina Burma India Theater with the Liberator untilV-J Day, earning aDistinguished Unit Citation in March 1945. Dring the period in whichBoeing B-29 Superfortress bombers operated from India, it also transported gasoline to forward bases in China. After the end of hostilities, it returned to the United States for inactivation in January 1946.
The93rd Air Refueling Squadron was activated in March 1949 and equipped withBoeing KB-29 Superfortress tankers. It upgraded to theBoeing KC-97 Stratofreighter in 1953, and the KC-135 in 1957. For most of its time atCastle Air Force Base, California, it served as the training unit for KC-135 aircrews, but also maintained combat readiness to executeStrategic Air Command (SAC) missions. In September 1985 the two squadrons were consolidated into a single unit. When SAC inactivated in 1992, the squadron became part ofAir Mobility Command. In March 1995, the squadron moved on paper to Fairchild.
The squadron was first activated as the493rd Bombardment Squadron in nonoperational status atKarachi, India,[note 4] and assigned to the7th Bombardment Group on 25 Oct 1942. The squadron remained unmanned while the older squadrons of the 7th Group were converting to theConsolidated B-24 Liberator.[4] When the group and squadron moved toPandaveswar Airfield in early January 1943 it became operational with Liberators.[1] It commenced combat operations on 26 Jan 1943.[citation needed]
The squadron engaged in strategic bombardment operations, attacking communications targets (roads, railroads, etc.)[1] in central and southern Burma, all without fighter escort due to the long distances involved.[citation needed] Primary targets were oil refineries, docks, depots, enemy airfields, marshalling yards, bridges, locomotive repair sheds, naval vessels, and troop concentrations. The 493rd moved to Tezgaon Airfield, India, on 17 Jun 1944, and assumed a new mission: transporting high-octane gasoline overthe Hump to bases in China. This mission lasted until 5 October, at which time the squadron moved back to Pandaveswar to resume bombing missions. A detachment of the 493rd Squadron operated fromLuliang Airfield, China from 17 December 1944 until 26 January 1945,[1] hauling gasoline toSuichwan Airfield, China.[citation needed]
The squadron proper began practice withAzon ("Azimuth only")manual command to line of sight bombs. Apparently the squadron was the only USAAF unit to use this weapon outside of theEuropean Theater of World War II. The Azon bombs were radio controlled and could be steered left or right, although their trajectory could not be changed to shorten or lengthen their flight to target. The Azon trained crews and their B-24s were initially assigned to the9th Bombardment Squadron. However, in December 1944, the crews and planes were reassigned to the 493rd and Azon missions began to be flown. Azon proved effective in attacks against bridges and rail lines.[1][5] In early 1945 the squadron concentrated on attacks against the Burma-Thailand railroad, the most important line left to the enemy in Burma. On 19 March, the 493rd earned aDistinguished Unit Citation for attacks against rail lines and bridges in Thailand.[4] The squadron also dropped propaganda leaflets in Thailand from June through September 1945 for theOffice of War Information.[6]
After fighting ended in Burma the 493rd Bomb Squadron was ordered to practice Azon bombing in China,[citation needed] but soon "alerted" for inactivation. With its parent (7th Bomb Group) the 493rd staged through Dudhkundi, Kanchrapara, and Camp Angus (near Calcutta), departing Calcutta aboard theUSS General W. M. Black on 7 December 1945.[citation needed] The vessel reached the U.S. on 5 January 1946 and the squadron inactivated atCamp Kilmer, New Jersey, the following day[1]
Activated on 1 Mar 1949 as the 93rd Air Refueling Squadron, Medium, but was not manned until September 1950. ReceivedKB-29P Superfortress tankers, October 1950-Jun 1951. Became combat ready in October 1951. The 93rd ARS deployed toRAF Upper Heyford,England, 6 Dec 1951 – 6 Mar 1952, while the parent wing was at nearbyRAF Mildenhall. The squadron supported Operation FOX PETER II, the movement of the31st Fighter-Escort Wing from the U.S. toJapan, in July 1952 using 11 KB-29Ps atGuam andKwajalein to refuel some 58F-84G fighters on their way to theKorean War. The squadron converted from KB-29s toKC-97G Stratotankers in November and December 1953. It undertook several oversea deployments, toNewfoundland,Greenland,French Morocco, andAlaska, in 1954–1956.
The 93rd ARS began training its aircrews to operateBoeing KC-135 Stratotankers in May 1957. The squadron was the first Stratotanker squadron in the Air Force.[7] It Began receiving KC-135s on 28 Jun 1957, three days after converting to KC-135 aircrew training as primary mission. Possessed 19 tankers in December 1957 and 39 by May 1958.
Effective 1 Jul 1959, the resources of the 93rd ARS were divided with the 924th ARS, which unit assumed the SAC KC-135 aircrew training mission with 15 aircraft. The 93rd ARS, at the same time, resumed full-time air refueling with 20 KC-135s. This status lasted until 21 Aug 1963, when the 93rd ARS ceased standing alert and prepared to resume full-time KC-135 aircrew training. On 26 August the 93rd once again began KC-135 aircrew training as its primary mission. It retained Emergency War Order (EWO) commitments along with its training mission, but did not stand alert.
The squadron's mission remained basically the same until 31 Mar 1995. Thousands ofStrategic Air Command and someAir Mobility Command KC-135 aircrews received flight training from the 93 ARS. Each crew (pilot, copilot, navigator, and boom operator), after academic training with the 4017th Training Squadron atCastle AFB, received 45 days of flight training from the 93rd ARS. The squadron also provided specialized training of shorter duration to senior officers (such as wing commanders). For a period the 93rd ARS also sent instructor teams to locations whereAir Force Reserve andAir National Guard units were converting to KC-135 tanker operations to help in-house training programs. On rare occasions the 93rd had deployed some of its aircraft and crews to meet its own EWO commitments or to meet needs exceeding the capability of the 924th ARS. A few such deployments occurred in 1980. With theBRAC-directed closure of Castle AFB, On 31 Mar 1995, the 93 ARS relocated toFairchild AFB, Washington, and became a deployable air refueling squadron under the92nd Air Refueling Wing (92 ARW).
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency