| 6th Air Refueling Wing | |
|---|---|
 6th Air Refueling WingKC-135 Stratotanker takes off from MacDill Air Force Base[note 1] | |
| Active | 1951–1992; 1994–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Air refueling |
| Part of | Air Mobility Command |
| Garrison/HQ | MacDill AFB, Florida |
| Motto(s) | Parati DefendereLatin Ready to Defend[1] |
| Equipment | KC-135R Stratotanker |
| Decorations | Air Force Outstanding Unit Award[1][note 2] |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Colonel Adam D. Bingham |
| Vice Commander | Colonel Edward V. Szczepanik |
| Command Chief | Chief Master Sergeant Shae D. Gee |
| Insignia | |
| 6th Air Refueling Wing emblem(adopted 18 March 1955, reinstated 20 September 1988)[1][note 3] |  |
| Patch with 6th Strategic Wing emblem(approved 21 October 1980)[1] |  |
TheUnited States Air Force's 6th Air Refueling Wing is the host wing forMacDill Air Force Base, Florida. It is part ofAir Mobility Command's (AMC)Eighteenth Air Force. The wing's6th Operations Group is a successor organization of the3d Observation Group, one of the seven original combat air groups formed by theUnited States Army Air Service shortly after the end ofWorld War I.[2]
The 6th Air Refueling Wing provides day-to-day mission support to more than 3,000 personnel along with more than 50 mission partners, including theUnited States Central Command andUnited States Special Operations Command. It is a force capable of rapidly projecting air refueling power anywhere in the world. The 6 ARW is organized into four unique groups and three operational flying squadrons to carry out its mission to be provide air refueling, airlift, and air base support.
The 6th Air Refueling Wing consists of the following units:
The 6th Bombardment Wing (Medium) was activatedWalker Air Force Base, New Mexico on 2 January 1951, where it was assigned toStrategic Air Command (SAC)'sEighth Air Force. The24th,39th and40th Bombardment Squadrons were simultaneously activated. The squadrons were nominally assigned to the wing's6th Bombardment Group, but thegroup was not operational and the squadrons were attached directly to thewing'sheadquarters until the group was inactivated in June 1952. The wing was equipped withBoeing B-29 Superfortress bombers. In August, the307th Air Refueling Squadron, operating KB-29P Superfortress tankers to refuel the wing's bombers, moved to Walker fromDavis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, and was also attached to the Wing.[1][3][note 5]
One month after the wing was activated, it was assigned to the47th Air Division, which was activated at Walker to serve as the headquarters for the 6th and Walker's second wing, the509th Bombardment Wing.[4] In 1952, the 6th converted from the B-29 to theConvair B-36 Peacemaker. The Peacemaker did not requireair refueling, so the 307th Squadron's attachment to the wing ended. On 31 October 1955, the entire wing deployed toAnderson Air Force Base, Guam, remaining there until 26 January 1956, when it returned to Walker. The wing continued to fly the B-36 until 1957, when it began converting to theBoeing B-52 Stratofortress.[1]
The air refuelable B-52 brought with it a return of the air refueling mission, this time with theBoeing KC-135 Stratotankers of the6th Air Refueling Squadron. SAC was expanding the number of its B-52 wings, increasing the number of B-52 crews it had to train. On 1 August 1959, the 4129th Combat Crew Training Squadron was organized and assigned to the wing to conduct ground training of new crews, while the following month, the 24th and 39th Bombardment Squadrons[note 6][1] began flying training.[1]
The 40th Bombardment Squadron continued to train for combat missions. On 10 June 1960, the entire wing became non-operational, a status that lasted until 1 December 1961, when the 40th returned to combat status.[1] One third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen minutealert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike. This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962.[5]
The579th Strategic Missile Squadron was activated in September 1961 as anSM-65 Atlas-F squadron.[1] This addition of ICBMs resulted in the wing's redesignation as the6th Strategic Aerospace Wing in May 1962. The squadron received its first ICBM on 24 January 1962.[citation needed] At the beginning of theCuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 six of the squadron's missile sites had not yet been turned over to SAC byAir Force Systems Command (AFSC). On 24 October, AFSC began to bring these missiles up to alert status. Once the crisis had abated, these missiles were removed from alert until normal training and testing could be completed.[6] On 1 June 1963, a crew of the 579th was conducting a propellant loading exercise when an explosion occurred, destroying the squadron's launch complex 1.[7] A nearly identical accident on 13 February 1964 destroyed launch complex 5, followed less than a month later, on 9 March 1964, by the destruction of launch complex 2 in another explosion.[8]
On 19 November 1964, Secretary of DefenseRobert MacNamara announced Project Added Effort which would phase out that all Atlas-F missiles by the end of June 1965.[9] In implementing this project, the 579th Strategic Missile Squadron phased out its missile operations in February and inactivated on 25 March 1965.[1][10]
The Cuban Missile Crisis impacted the wing's flying force as well. On 20 October each of the wing's B-52 squadrons was directed to put two additional planes on alert. Additional KC-135s were also placed on alert to replace KC-135s devoted to maintaining 1/8 of SAC's B-52 bomber force on airborne alert.[11] On 24 October SAC went toDEFCON 2, placing all aircraft on alert.[12] On 21 November SAC returned to its normal alert posture.[13] However, the wing's return to the training mission was short-lived, for on 5 September 1963, the 24th and 39th Squadrons returned to combat status, and three weeks later, on 25 September, the 39th Bombardment Squadron and 4129th Combat Crew Training Squadron were discontinued.[1]
In June 1965, the310th Air Refueling Squadron moved to Walker fromSchilling Air Force Base. The 310th had supported theBoeing B-47 Stratojets of the310th Bombardment Wing at Schilling withBoeing KC-97s, but in preparation for its move to Walker, had re-equipped with KC-135s during 1964.[14] This made the 6th a double-sized wing and one of the largest in SAC with its 60 heavy jet aircraft.[citation needed] Soon after, on 8 December 1965, theDepartment of Defense announced that Walker would close in connection with the drawdown of older model B-52s.[15]
All operational elements of the wing had ceased operations by 25 January 1957. The 310th Air Refueling Squadron moved toPlattsburgh Air Force Base, New York while the remaining operational squadrons were discontinued. On 25 March, wing headquarters moved on paper toEielson Air Force Base.[1][14]
SAC had long deployed bombardment and reconnaissance aircraft to the Arctic. In 1955, the tactical and maintenance elements of the90th Bombardment Wing deployed toEielson Air Force Base, Alaska, and SAC formed the provisional Eielson Task Force to control its forces temporarily stationed there. In August of the following year, the 14th Aviation Depot Squadron (later the 14th Munitions Maintenance Squadron) ofFifteenth Air Force moved to Eielson to oversee special weapons there.[16]
On 1 July 1960, SAC formed the 4157th Combat Support Group[16] to provide support for forward deployed SAC bombardment andreconnaissance elements at Eielson. The group was a tenant of the 5010th Air Base Wing (later5010th Combat Support Group) ofAlaskan Air Command.[16] Its original component squadron was the 14th Aviation Depot Squadron. When the focus of the 4157th shifted to reconnaissance with the discontinuance of Reflex operations in August 1962, the 14th was inactivated.[16] In 1962, the group expanded to become the 4157th Strategic Wing, and its commander assumed duties as the commander of the Eielson Task Force.[17] The wing mission had expanded to include air refueling support for B-52s involved withOperation Chrome Dome operations[18] In 1966 it added a permanently based maintenance squadron was added to the wing to provide maintenance support for deployed aircraft.[16][19]
In July 1965 the wing was reassigned to the18th Strategic Aerospace Division,[20] However, SACMajor Command Controlled (MAJCON) Strategic Wings could not carry a permanent history or lineage[21] and SAC took the opportunity presented by the drawdown at Walker to replace the 4157th with the 6th Strategic Wing.[16][note 7]
The wing moved on paper to Eielson, where it became the6th Strategic Wing and assumed the personnel, equipment and mission of the 4157th Strategic Wing. In addition to a maintenance squadron, the wing was assigned the new 24th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron.[1][note 9]
In Alaska, the wing's 24th Squadron flew RC–135 strategic reconnaissance missions and conducted Alaska Tanker Task Force[note 10]missions with deployed KC–135s from SAC, theAir Force Reserve and theAir National Guard. Task force aircraft flew missions to support reconnaissance and numerous exercises for the Air Force andUnited States Navy. From April 1968 to July 1972 the wing periodically served as the airborne monitor of the AlaskanBallistic Missile Early Warning System station atClear, Alaska. The wing maintained a detachment atShemya Air Force Station, in theAleutian Islands On two occasions, from February through May 1975 and June through September 1976, the wing moved all operations to Shemya when Eielson closed for repair of earthquake damage.[1]
The wing won the P.T. Cullen Award for greatest contributions to SAC's photographic andsignal intelligence effortsthree times, in 1973, 1978 and 1983.[1] On 4 October 1968, exactly 11 years to the day after the launch of Sputnik-1, a wing Rivet Ball aircraft captured the first photographic evidence of a SovietICBM test with threemultiple reentry vehicles.[citation needed]
The wing suffered several losses while at Eielson. On 13 January 1969, RC-135S, serial 59-1491 hydroplaned off the end of Runway 28 at Shemya while attempting to land after an operational mission. The aircraft was totally destroyed. No one was seriously injured. On 5 June 1969 an RC-135E crashed in theBering Sea minutes after leaving Shemya. Nineteen crewmembers died. On 15 March 1981, anRC-135 Cobra Ball aircraft, serial 61-2664 departed Eielson for Shemya with 24 people on board. While attempting to land on Shemya they encountered a rapid decline in weather that resulted in a crash landing. Six men died and several medals were awarded for bravery. On 25 February 1985, an RC-135T, serial 55-3121 Rivet Dandy aircraft crashed into a mountainous area nearValdez, Alaska while on a training mission. All three crewmembers perished. The wreckage was not located until 2 August 1985.[citation needed]
On 1 April 1988, SAC renamed the wing the6th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing. In December 1991, it was decided to transfer the wing's reconnaissance mission to the55th Wing atOffutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, and terminate the Alaska Tanker Task.[citation needed] The 24th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron moved to Offutt on 7 July 1992, terminating the wing's operational mission and it was inactivated on 1 September 1992.[1]
Following the1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission decision to terminate the56th Fighter Wing's mission atMacDill Air Force Base, Florida by the end of 1993 and relocate it and itsGeneral Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft toLuke Air Force Base, Arizona,Air Mobility Command assumed responsibility for operating MacDill and providing support forUnited States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM),United States Central Command (USCENTCOM) and other tenant units fromAir Combat Command.[citation needed] The wing was redesignated the6th Air Base Wing and activated on 4 January 1994 at MacDill to perform the support mission.[1]
On 1 October 1996, the wing returned to a flying mission when the91st Air Refueling Squadron and its KC-135R aircraft moved fromMalmstrom Air Force Base, Montana to MacDill.[22] The 6th Bombardment Group was reactivated as the 6th Operations Group to be the headquarters for the 91st Squadron and the wing was renamed the6th Air Refueling Wing.[1] The following year, the wing also assumed support responsibility forBoeing EC-135 command post aircraft at MacDill supporting USCENTCOM and USSOCOM commanders and aBoeing T-43 Bobcat supporting theUnited States Southern Command commander inMiami, Florida.[citation needed] The wing provided refueling support for global air mobility missions. In 1998, it deployed crews and aircraft to supportOperation Northern Watch[1]
On 1 January 2001, threeC-37A Gulfstream V aircraft replaced the Bobcats.[1] with the addition of the C-37s to the wing's EC-135Ys, the310th Airlift Squadron was activated under the 6th Operations Group,[23] and the wing was redesignated the6th Air Mobility Wing.[1] Following the9/11 attacks, the wing also provided refueling support for fighters flying homeland security over the southeastern United States.[1]
The wing has twice won theAir Mobility Rodeo Best Air Mobility Wing Award; in 2000 and 2005.[citation needed]
On 1 October 2008, the927th Air Refueling Wing moved on paper to MacDill fromSelfridge Air National Guard Base, Michigan and became a classic reserve associate unit, providing crews and support personnel sharing operation of the 6th's KC-135R aircraft.[24] The 927th had transferred its existing aircraft to the127th Wing of theMichigan Air National Guard at Selfridge. This move resulted from a recommendation by the2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission.[citation needed]
The wing deploys to forward locations to support theGlobal War on Terrorism and performsmedical evacuation missions from overseas theaters of operations.[1] After the devastating earthquake in Haiti on 12 January 2010, the wing supportedOperation United Response providinghumanitarian aid to victims of the earthquake until June 2010.[24]
In April 2008, the 911th Air Refueling Squadron was activated atSeymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina. The 911th is an "Active Associate" unit, partnering with thereserve77th Air Refueling Squadron of the916th Air Refueling Wing and using the 77th's KC-135Rs. The 911th was the first tanker active associate unit to be formed and the 77th received an additional eight airplanes for it to operate with the 911th.[25] The squadron won its second Spaatz Trophy as an associate unit.[1][26]
In October 2009, the 99th Air Refueling Squadron, was activated atBirmingham Air National Guard Base (since renamed Sumpter Smith ANGB), Alabama, as the wing's second active associate squadron. The 99th operates the KC-135Rs of the106th Air Refueling Squadron of theAlabama Air National Guard's117th Air Refueling Wing.[1][27]
On 1 October 2019, due to the deactivation of the 310th Airlift Squadron, the 6th Air Mobility Wing was redesignated as the6th Air Refueling Wing.[28]
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This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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