阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) 431 or 50 or −722 — to — 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 432 or 51 or −721
Year305 (CCCV) was acommon year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar. At the time, it was known as theYear of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius (or, less frequently,year 1058Ab urbe condita). The denomination 305 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Constantius requests leave for his sonConstantine I to join him in the west, who has been living at the courts of Diocletian and Galerius as a hostage. Galerius allows Constantine to return.
Galerius begins a series of campaigns against theSarmatians, winning his first victory before the end of the year.
Maximinus Daza persecutes the Christians ofEgypt, many of whom take refuge in thedesert. In time, this refuge leads to themonastic life. In these monasteries,Coptic writing develops, supporting the propagation of Christian texts.
Landowners dominate theRoman Empire, and enjoy the title of senator, which exempts them from the crushingtaxes imposed on the rest of the population. TheSenate has lost all its power and the landowners almost never attend Senate sessions. Members of municipal senates (curiales ordecuriones) are charged with the responsibility of collecting taxes and payingarrears; smaller landowners are held responsible for providing recruits for theRoman army, and with keeping wastelands under cultivation.
TheCouncil of Illiberis decrees that priests must becelibate. Additionally, it condemns visiting the homes ofJews and prohibits Christian women from marrying Jews, unless they have converted.
