2024 United States House of Representatives elections

← 2022 November 5, 2024 2026 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 435 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives[a] 218 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Mike Johnson Hakeem Jeffries Party Republican Democratic Leader since October 25, 2023 January 3, 2023 Leader's seat Louisiana 4th New York 8th Last election 222 seats, 50.0% 213 seats, 47.3% Seats before 220 213 Seats won 220 215 Seat change 2 2 Popular vote 74,390,864[1] 70,571,330[1] Percentage 49.8%[1] 47.2%[1] Swing 0.2pp 0.1pp
Democratic hold     Democratic gain      Republican hold     Republican gain
Speaker before election Mike Johnson Republican ElectedSpeaker Mike Johnson Republican

The2024 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the 435 representatives of theUnited States House of Representatives, as well as 6non-voting delegates from theDistrict of Columbia and inhabitedU.S. territories. The elections were held together with other federal, state, and local elections, including theU.S. presidential election andelections to the Senate, as part of the2024 United States general election. The winners of this election serve in the119th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among states based on the2020 United States census.

TheHouse Republican Conference has been led byMike Johnson since October 2023, following theremoval of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House and thespeaker election that Johnson won. He is the first congressman fromLouisiana to be elected Speaker of the House.^[2]

With the election ofHakeem Jeffries as leader of theHouse Democratic Caucus, this was the first House election since2002 in which theDemocratic Party was not led byNancy Pelosi. Jeffries is the firstAfrican American in the history of Congress to serve as leader of either party, and the first congressman from New York to do so sinceBertrand Snell's retirement in1938.^[3]

The election was expected to be highly competitive, with forecasts suggesting less than a five-seat difference between the two parties.^[4] Events that have occurred during the 118th Congress include theJanuary 2023 speakership election, the2023 debt-ceiling crisis, theremoval of Kevin McCarthy from the speakership, the ensuingOctober 2023 speakership election, and theexpulsion of George Santos. No party has lost House control after a single congressional term since1954.

The Republicans, led by incumbent SpeakerMike Johnson, narrowly maintained control of the House with a small majority of 220 seats (the narrowestsince 1930), winning the House popular vote by 4 million votes and a narrow margin of 2.6%.^[5][6] Democrats made a net gain of 1 seat from the Republicans, which represents the smallest net change in US history in the House of Representatives.^[b] The majority was decided by just over 7,000 votes across three congressional districts (Iowa's 1st,Colorado's 8th, andPennsylvania's 7th) out of nearly 148 million cast in this election;^[7] this was a roughly 2-point bias in favor of Democrats, resulting from Democratic outperformance in swing districts. Despite the Democratic overperformance, the results gave Republicans agovernment trifecta for the first time since the115th Congress, after the2016 election.

This election marked the first time since2016 where Republicans won a majority of the congressional delegation in Pennsylvania and Michigan.^[8][9] This election also marked the first time since2008 in which Democrats won more than one seat in Alabama, and the first time since2006 when Democrats won more than one seat in Louisiana. However, both cases were due to new seats created by redistricting.^[10][11] This election saw Republicans win the majority of congressional districts in 30 states while the Democrats won a majority in 18 states. Two states (Colorado and Minnesota) elected a split house delegation.Sarah McBride of Delaware became thefirst openly transgender member elected to theUnited States Congress.^[12] This was the third presidential election cycle in a row in which the victorious presidential party lost seats in the House while holding its majority.

The 2024 election results are compared below to the 2022 election. The table does not include blank and over or under votes, both of which were included in the official results.

Parties		Popular vote			Seats
		Vote	%	Change	2022	2024	+/−	Strength
	Republican Party	74,390,864	49.75%	-0.28pp	222	220	2	50.6%
	Democratic Party	70,571,330	47.19%	–0.10pp	213	215	2	49.4%
	Independent	852,373	0.57%	+0.10pp	—	—	—	—
	Libertarian Party	709,405	0.47%	–0.20pp	—	—	—	—
	Green Party	182,841	0.12%	+0.06pp	—	—	—	—
	Constitution Party	179,149	0.12%	+0.09pp	—	—	—	—
	Other parties	2,545,275	1.70%	+0.33pp	—	—	—	—
	Write-ins	112,184	0.08%	-0.02pp	—	—	—	—
Totals		149,543,421	100.00%	—	435	435		100.00%
Source:[1] Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk

State	Total seats	Republican		Democratic
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	7	5	1	2	1
Alaska	1	1	1	0	1
Arizona	9	6		3
Arkansas	4	4		0
California	52	9	3	43	3
Colorado	8	4	1	4	1
Connecticut	5	0		5
Delaware	1	0		1
Florida	28	20		8
Georgia	14	9		5
Hawaii	2	0		2
Idaho	2	2		0
Illinois	17	3		14
Indiana	9	7		2
Iowa	4	4		0
Kansas	4	3		1
Kentucky	6	5		1
Louisiana	6	4	1	2	1
Maine	2	0		2
Maryland	8	1		7
Massachusetts	9	0		9
Michigan	13	7	1	6	1
Minnesota	8	4		4
Mississippi	4	3		1
Missouri	8	6		2
Montana	2	2		0
Nebraska	3	3		0
Nevada	4	1		3
New Hampshire	2	0		2
New Jersey	12	3		9
New Mexico	3	0		3
New York	26	7	3	19	3
North Carolina	14	10	3	4	3
North Dakota	1	1		0
Ohio	15	10		5
Oklahoma	5	5		0
Oregon	6	1	1	5	1
Pennsylvania	17	10	2	7	2
Rhode Island	2	0		2
South Carolina	7	6		1
South Dakota	1	1		0
Tennessee	9	8		1
Texas	38	25		13
Utah	4	4		0
Vermont	1	0		1
Virginia	11	5		6
Washington	10	2		8
West Virginia	2	2		0
Wisconsin	8	6		2
Wyoming	1	1		0
Total	435	220	2	215	2

• 
  House seats by party holding majority in state
• 
  Net changes to U.S. House seats after the 2024 elections
       +1 Dem House seat     +3 Dem House seats
       +1 Rep House seat     +2 Rep House seats
       +3 Rep House seats
• 
  Popular vote and seat total in each state
• 
  Winner's vote share in each district

A total of 46 representatives and 2 non-voting delegates (25 Democrats and 23 Republicans) retired, 19 of whom (12 Democrats and 7 Republicans) retired to run for other offices.

Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignation or deaths in 2024, one of which was not filled until the next Congress.

Two Democrats died in office.

1. New Jersey 9:Bill Pascrell died on August 21, 2024.^[61]
2. Texas 18:Sheila Jackson Lee died on July 19, 2024.^[62] Aspecial election to fill the remainder of her term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term, won byErica Lee Carter.

One Republican resigned before the end of the term.

1. Wisconsin 8:Mike Gallagher resigned on April 24.^[63] Aspecial election to fill the remainder of his term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term, won byTony Wied.

Two Democrats lost renomination.

1. Missouri 1:Cori Bush lost renomination toWesley Bell, who won the general election.^[64]
2. New York 16:Jamaal Bowman lost renomination toGeorge Latimer, who won the general election.^[65]

Two Republicans lost renomination.

1. Alabama 1:Jerry Carl lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbentBarry Moore, who won the general election.^[66]
2. Virginia 5:Bob Good lost renomination toJohn McGuire, who won the general election.^[67]

Four Democrats, one of whom was a freshman, lost re-election to Republicans.

1. Alaska at-large:Mary Peltola (first elected in 2022) lost toNick Begich III.^[68]
2. Colorado 8:Yadira Caraveo (first elected in 2022) lost toGabe Evans.^[69]
3. Pennsylvania 7:Susan Wild (first elected in 2018) lost toRyan Mackenzie.^[70]
4. Pennsylvania 8:Matt Cartwright (first elected in 2012) lost toRob Bresnahan.^[71]

Seven Republicans, five of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Democrats.

1. California 13:John Duarte (first elected in 2022) lost toAdam Gray.^[72]
2. California 27:Mike Garcia (first elected in 2020) lost toGeorge Whitesides.^[73]
3. California 45:Michelle Steel (first elected in 2020) lost toDerek Tran.^[74]
4. New York 4:Anthony D'Esposito (first elected in 2022) lost toLaura Gillen.^[75]
5. New York 19:Marc Molinaro (first elected in 2022) lost toJosh Riley.^[76]
6. New York 22:Brandon Williams (first elected in 2022) lost toJohn Mannion.^[77]
7. Oregon 5:Lori Chavez-DeRemer (first elected in 2022) lost toJanelle Bynum.^[78]

This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the2020 presidential election and another in the2022 House elections.^[86]

This lists the districts in whichDonald Trump won in 2020 that are represented by Democrats:

This lists the districts in whichJoe Biden won in 2020 that are represented by Republicans:

In the United States, all states with multiple congressional districts are required to revise their district maps following each decennial census to account for population changes. In 2024, most states used the same districts created in theredistricting cycle following the 2020 census, which were first used in the 2022 elections. However, maps have changed or would change in several states, often due to legal challenges made on the basis of political or racial gerrymandering.

As of May 2024, several states have seen challenges to theircongressional district maps that were put in place during theredistricting cycle brought upon by the results of the 2020 census. InAlabama, aspecial master drew a new map after thestate legislature submitted a map that did not comply with theVoting Rights Act after theSupreme Court ruled their original map violated theVoting Rights Act inAllen v. Milligan, requiring the creation of a secondpredominantly Black district.^[88][89] Similarly, a judge in Georgia ruled that Georgia's maps were illegally racially gerrymandered and theGeorgia General Assembly drew a new map that added a new predominantly Black district.^[90][91] In Louisiana, the Supreme Court's decision not to intervene inRobinson v. Ardoin led to a second majority Black district being drawn in that state as well,^[92] although this map was struck down after a legal challenge by some Louisianans^[93][94] before theSupreme Court of the United States issued an emergency order allowing the new map to be used in the 2024 elections.^[95] On the other hand, Republican legislators inNorth Carolina drew a map placing three Democratic incumbents in Republican-leaning districts after theNorth Carolina Supreme Court ruled that partisan gerrymandering is not justiciable,^[96] which in turn was canceled out by a map passed after a similar state court ruling inNew York that made three highly competitive districts somewhat Democratic-leaning.^[97] Other racial gerrymandering cases inArkansas,^[98]Florida,^[99]South Carolina,^[100][101]Tennessee^[102] andTexas^[103] and another partisan gerrymandering case inUtah^[104][105] were not resolved before the filing deadlines for the 2024 Congressional elections in those states; South Carolina's districts were ultimately upheld by theSupreme Court of the United States over a month after the state's filing deadline.^[106]

Summary of mid-decade changes to congressional districts in advance of the 2024 election cycle^[107]

State (linked to summaries below)	Status	Notes	Ref	Change in partisanship[i]
				D	C	R
Alabama	New districts enacted on October 5, 2023	A federal district court selected a new map, creating a second majority-Black district in the state following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision inAllen v. Milligan. The map is set to face further litigation after the election.	[108]	1		1
Arkansas	Previous districts left in place	Arkansas's map has faced multiple lawsuits alleging racial gerrymandering diluting the voting power of black voters by splittingLittle Rock into three districts; the case was heard in a federal district court, then by a three-judge panel in a circuit court. After the panel ruled private individuals could not sue under the Voting Rights Act, the plaintiffs did not appeal the case.	[109]
Georgia	New districts enacted on December 28, 2023	A federal district judge ruled on October 26, 2023, that Georgia's districts are racially gerrymandered and ordered a new map with an additional majority-Black district be proposed by December 8; the Georgia Legislature convened a special session on November 29 to redraw the map. Despite a challenge, the proposed map was upheld.	[110]
Kentucky	Previous districts left in place	TheKentucky Supreme Court heard arguments in September 2023 in a suit alleging that thestate legislature violated the state constitution by creating a partisan gerrymander in the state's congressional map by moving the state capital Frankfort to the heavily Republican 1st district; on December 14, 2023, the court affirmed a lower court ruling resulting in the case being dismissed.	[111]
Louisiana	New districts enacted on January 22, 2024	FollowingAllen v. Milligan regarding Alabama's maps, the U.S. Supreme Court unfroze a similar case,Robinson v. Ardoin, alleging racial gerrymandering in Louisiana's districts; following a federal district judge's order in the case, Louisiana legislators passed a new map, creating a second majority Black congressional district. On January 22, GovernorJeff Landry signed the new map into law. On April 30, the new map was struck down in a separate lawsuit but the U.S. Supreme Court issued an order on May 15 allowing the map to be used for the 2024 election. The map is set to face further litigation after the election.	[112][113][114] [115][116]	1		1
New Mexico	Previous districts left in place	New Mexico's map faced a lawsuit alleging partisan gerrymandering diluting the voting power of Republicans. A state judge ruled to keep the current map in place, and that decision was upheld by the New Mexico Supreme Court in a ruling on November 27, 2023.	[117]
New York	New districts enacted on February 28, 2024	After a lower state court struck down the state legislature's proposed map in 2022 and enacted a map drawn by a special master, theNew York Court of Appeals (the court of last resort) ruled on December 12, 2023, that those court-drawn districts were only meant to be temporary and that the Independent Redistricting Commission must draw new districts in advance of the 2024 cycle. On February 26, 2024, the New York State Legislature rejected the maps drawn by the commission and instead passed its own map resulting in the 3rd, 18th, and 22nd congressional districts becoming more Democratic leaning while the 1st becomes more Republican leaning.Kathy Hochul signed the map later that day.	[118][119]	2	2
North Carolina	New districts enacted on October 25, 2023	TheGeneral Assembly passed a new map placing three incumbent Democrats in Republican-leaning districts after Republicansgained a majority on the state supreme court in 2022 and ruled in April 2023 that claims of partisan gerrymandering are non-justiciable. The case is likely to be further litigated after 2024.	[120][121]	2	2	4
Ohio	Previous districts left in place	Following the retirement of the swing justice,Maureen O'Connor, and theelection of a Republican majority, theOhio Supreme Court dismissed challenges to its map in September 2023, maintaining the map it had established after previously finding in 2022 that the districts drawn by the state legislature violated the Ohio Constitution.	[122]
South Carolina	Previous districts left in place	The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments on October 11, 2023, inAlexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, in which the President of theSouth Carolina Senate sought to appeal a lower court ruling that found the state illegally discriminated against Black voters in passing an allegedly racially gerrymandered map. The lower court ruled on March 28, 2024, that the map would be used in the 2024 election as it is too late to adopt a remedial map and resolve the appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court before the election. The US Supreme Court later ruled on May 23 reversing the lower court ruling and upholding the congressional map. The map is set to face further litigation after the election.	[123][124]
Tennessee	Previous districts left in place	On August 9, 2023, a coalition of civil rights organizations and Tennessee voters filed a federal lawsuit against the state government challenging the state's Congressional district map that split nonwhite voters in Nashville among three decisively Republican-leaning Congressional districts as unconstitutionally intentionally racially discriminatory. The case was set to be heard in a federal district court, but a panel of three federal judges argued that the lawsuit needed to "do more than plausibly allege" that Tennessee lawmakers were aware their GOP-favored map would disadvantage minority voters supporting Democratic candidates, resulting in the case being dismissed on August 21, 2024. The map may face further litigation after the election.	[125][126][127]
Net change(as of August 21, 2024)				2	4	2

The following districts had no incumbent representative as a result of redistricting.

1. Alabama 2
2. North Carolina 6

The following district had multiple incumbent representatives running, the product of an incumbent of another district choosing to run in the seat against its own incumbent.

1. Alabama 1: Barry Moore (R) defeated Jerry Carl.^[128]

Sixty-nine races were decided by a margin of 10% or lower.

There are eight special elections scheduled in 2024 to the118th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.

District		Incumbent				Candidates[151]
Location	2022 PVI[87]	Member	Party	First elected	Status
Alabama 1	R+28[l]	Jerry Carl	Republican	2020	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss.	▌YBarry Moore (Republican) 78.5% ▌Tom Holmes (Democratic) 21.5%
		Barry Moore Redistricted from the2nd district	Republican	2020	Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 2	D+4[l]	None (new district)			New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌YShomari Figures (Democratic) 54.6% ▌Caroleene Dobson (Republican) 45.4%
Alabama 3	R+23[l]	Mike Rogers	Republican	2002	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMike Rogers (Republican) 100%
Alabama 4	R+33[l]	Robert Aderholt	Republican	1996	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YRobert Aderholt (Republican) 100%
Alabama 5	R+17[l]	Dale Strong	Republican	2022	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDale Strong (Republican) 100%
Alabama 6	R+22[l]	Gary Palmer	Republican	2014	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YGary Palmer (Republican) 70.4% ▌Elizabeth Anderson (Democratic) 29.6%
Alabama 7	D+12[l]	Terri Sewell	Democratic	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YTerri Sewell (Democratic) 63.7% ▌Robin Litaker (Republican) 36.3%