 Route of the 1984 Tour de France | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dates | 29 June – 22 July 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stages | 23 + Prologue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distance | 4,021 km (2,499 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Winning time | 112h 03' 40" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1984 Tour de France was the 71st edition of theTour de France, run over 4,021 km (2,499 mi) in 23 stages and a prologue, from 29 June to 22 July. The race was dominated by theRenault team, who won the team classification and ten stages:[1] Renault's French riderLaurent Fignon won his second consecutive Tour, beating former teammateBernard Hinault by over 10 minutes.
Hinault was pursuing his fifth Tour victory after having sat out the1983 Tour because of injuries. Also that year, Fignon's team-mateGreg LeMond became the first American rider to finish in the top three and stand on the podium, and he also took theyoung rider classification. Belgian cyclistFrank Hoste won thepoints classification, and BritishRobert Millar won themountains classification. The race consisted of 23 stages, totaling 4,020 kilometers (2,500 mi).
There was room for 18 teams in the 1984 Tour de France; in early 1984, there were 17 candidate teams. Although the Tour organisation approached AVP–Viditel and Metauromobili, an 18th team was not added.[2] The 1984 Tour started with 170 cyclists, divided into 17 teams of 10 cyclists.[3] Of these, 42 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.[4] The average age of riders in the race was 26.99 years,[5] ranging from the 21-year-oldCarlos Marta (Sporting–Raposeira) to the 37-year-oldJoop Zoetemelk (Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko).[6] TheRenault–Elf cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders onCarrera–Inoxpran had the oldest.[7]
The teams entering the race were:[3]
The 1984 Tour de France started on 29 June, and had one rest day, in Grenoble.[8] Thehighest point of elevation in the race was 2,642 m (8,668 ft) at the summit of theCol du Galibier mountain pass on stage 18.[9][10]
The 1984 Tour de France was a battle between reigning champion Fignon and his former team captain Hinault. Questions had been raised about the strength of Fignon's 1983 win due to Hinault's absence andPascal Simon's withdrawal after breaking his shoulder whilst wearing the yellow jersey.[1] Hinault won the prologue and the first two stages following the prologue were flat stages; the first of which was won byFrank Hoste in a bunch sprint withLudo Peeters taking over as race leader. Tour organizers had made a purposeful effort to get riders from other countries outside of the traditional nations who usually make up the main field, and in stage two Ireland'sStephen Roche and Denmark'sKim Andersen both made the stage podium coming in just a few seconds behind stage winnerMarc Madiot, asJacques Hanegraaf claimed the yellow from Peeters going into the TTT in stage three.[16] Over the previous five years or so the Team Time Trials would often be dominated by the DutchTI–Raleigh squad, which was run byPeter Post as theDirecteur Sportif, but there had been a rift between riders and some of them followed Post over to the newPanasonic–Raleigh while others joinedJan Raas andJoop Zoetemelk on the newKwantum–Decosol–Yoko squad. Perhaps ironically in their first test competing against each other within the Tour de France the two teams tied for 2nd place at four seconds behind theRenault–Elf Team of Fignon andGreg LeMond. ThePeugeot–Shell–Michelin Team ofRobert Millar andPascal Simon finished 4th and Hinault's newLa Vie Claire team had a tough day coming in 7th place, leaving Hinault out of the top 10 overall following the stage. The overall lead was still held by Hanegraaf by a single second overAdri van der Poel with Fignon in the best position among the proven GC contenders in 6th place at +0:13, and his teammate and Tour debutant LeMond sitting in 5th place just ten seconds off the lead.[17] Stage four finished inBéthune on the border of Belgium, and consequently thousands of Belgian fans descended upon the town for the finish.Ferdi Van Den Haute survived a solo attack of about sixty kilometers and upon entering the town he threw his arms up in celebration for all of the fans who were hoping to see a Belgian win, even though he still had five kilometers to go. He beat thepeloton by over a minute to claim the stage win as Van Der Poel moved into yellow. In stage five a three rider breakaway made up ofPaulo Ferreira,Maurice Le Guilloux andVincent Barteau finished more than seventeen minutes ahead of the main field with Ferreira taking the stage victory and Barteau moving into the yellow jersey.[16]
Stage six was a flat stage without a surviving breakaway meaning it was decided in a bunch finish, which was won by Hoste yet again, who this time edged outEddy Planckaert andGilbert Glaus at the finish line. Stage seven was an individual time trial which would provide a bit of clarity as to who the major contenders were going to be and it was won byLaurent Fignon. Two timeGreen Jersey winnerSean Kelly finished in 2nd while Hinault, who typically throughout his career dominated the ITT's, finished in 3rd place 0:49 slower than Fignon. Other potential contenders including Roche finished at +1:07,Gerard Veldscholten at +1:11, the AustralianPhil Anderson at +1:24 and the very strong Italian rider who was often among the contenders for the GiroRoberto Visentini finished at +1:53 behind. The three breakaway riders from stage five still made up the top three but as far as thegeneral classification was concerned, Fignon was the highest placed contender, with Anderson, Hinault, Veldscholten, LeMond, Visentini and Roche all within 3:00 of him. Stage eight was won byPascal Jules who beatLudo Peeters andBruno Leali to the finish by nine seconds. Stage nine in this Tour was notable because it was 338 km long. This was the longest stage included in the race since the1967 Tour de France and there has not been a stage longer than this since 1984. The last time a Tour stage was over 300 km was during the1990 edition, the last time a stage was longer than 250 km was during the2000 Tour and the last time a stage approached 250 km was in2013 when there was a stage that was 243 km long which was not even a flat stage, but rather a stage that includedMont Ventoux. Stage 9 was won byJan Raas and this would be the 10th and final stage win of his impressive career. The riders were on their bikes for nearly ten straight hours during this stage.
In stage tenEric Vanderaerden beatMarc Dierickx in the sprint to take the stage win as the two of them escaped the peloton and beat it to the line by more than two minutes. More importantly in the overall standings the once seventeen minute gap held by Ferreira, Le Guilloux and Barteau was being considerably cut into and the race hadn't even reached the first set of high mountains in thePyrenees, which began in stage eleven. In stage eleven Robert Millar won the first day in the mountains on a solo attack, with the Colombian climberLucho Herrera coming in 2nd 0:41 behind him. Going into this stage Fignon held a gap of 1:13 over Hinault and by the end of the day it widened up to 2:05 as Fignon crossed the line in 7th place withÁngel Arroyo. The next two stages were both flat stages which were won byPascal Poisson andPierre-Henri Mentheour and then the race moved into south central France for two intermediate/hilly stages which were won byFons de Wolf andFrederic Vichot. The stage win by De Wolf was rather astonishing in that it was a solo breakaway in which he beat the favorites to the line by nearly 18:00, actually jumped ahead of Hinault in the overall standings and came within 1:32 of Fignon.[16] The energy exerted in this stage proved to be very costly however, as de Wolf lost considerable time the following day and faded back in with theDomestiques for the remainder of the Tour.
Going into the rest day Le Guilloux and Ferreira had long since fallen out of the top 10, however Vincent Barteau, perhaps inspired by the legend and mystique associated with theMaillot Jaune, did not want to let it go as he still held a lead of over ten minutes on the 2nd place Fignon, who was leading the way as far as the serious contenders were concerned. Hinault trailed him by 2:13, Veldscholten by 2:15, Anderson by 3:04 and the young American LeMond was thus far proving he could ride with the best of the best in the biggest race of them all being just 4:10 behind the defending champion. Stage sixteen was another individual time trial which was once again won by Fignon who cut the lead of Barteau down to 6:29 while simultaneously adding 0:33 to his lead over the four-time champion Hinault going into theAlps.[18] Hinault made up his mind to strike during this first Alpine stage, which included theAlpe d'Huez andCôte de Laffrey and he attacked Fignon over and over again, but was not able to break the young Parisian.[19] Lucho Herrera won the stage and Fignon crossed in 2nd after dropping the Badger and taking considerable time out of him. In fact, the American Lemond even finished the stage fourteen seconds faster than Hinault. Barteau finally came apart on this stage losing more than ten minutes to Fignon, who for the first time in the Tour, officially took over as race leader with Barteau falling to 2nd at +4:22, Hinault in 3rd at +5:41, Millar in 4th at +8:25 and LeMond in 5th at +8:45. In stage eighteen Fignon caught and droppedJean-Marie Grezet, who put in a very gutsy performance, to take the stage win. LeMond had himself another remarkable performance in the mountains coming in three seconds behind Grezet and 1:07 behind Fignon as Hinault just couldn't find his legs in the mountains as he had done so many times before crossing the line in 9th place losing another 2:58 to Fignon. Stage nineteen was more of the mountains and this time Arroyo was able to ride off the front and claim the win, by 1:14 ahead of the group of favorites who all followed Sean Kelly across the line with the same time. Stage twenty was the last chance for riders to gain time in the mountains, but the only one who won time was the leader Fignon, who put his stamp of authority on the 1984 Tour by winning the stage eleven seconds ahead of Arroyo and seventeen seconds ahead ofPablo Wilches all while adding another 1:17 to his lead over Hinault.
With the heavy climbing finished Fignon had an all but insurmountable lead over Hinault of 9:56, and LeMond was only 1:13 behind Hinault. Stage twenty-one was back to the flatlands where the always gutsy, prideful and spirited Hinault decided to work his way to the front of the pack and bang elbows with the sprinters fighting it out for the stage win. Despite the fact the Tour was lost, yet Hinault continued charging on and fighting for stage wins, is part of the reason his popularity soared even higher than it already was with racing fans during the 1984 Tour.[20] This time however, it was the sprinterFrank Hoste winning the day beating out Kelly, Hanegraaf and Hinault. During the final ITT in stage twenty-two Fignon and Sean Kelly finished with the same time, but the tiebreaker went to Fignon giving him the official win as he claimed enough time over Hinault to put his margin of victory over 10:00. LeMond finished in 4th place, and in the process secured both the final podium position, as well as his place as a legitimate GC contender proving he could compete with the best of the best during cycling's version of theSuper Bowl. During the final stage in Paris, one of the most coveted sprinter's stages in the sport, Hoste, Kelly and the fiery Hinault once again made their way to the front of the pack during the final lap around theChamps-Élysées, but none of these riders would claim the coveted prize. Instead it was the Belgian riderEric Vanderaerden (who along withMarc Demeyer,Freddy Maertens,Michel Pollentier,Johan De Muynck andFons de Wolf was given the impossible to live up to task of following the legendEddy Merckx) who won the day clinching his second stage win of the Tour, and one of the highlight wins of his entire career.
Greg LeMond took theyoung rider classification, Belgian cyclistFrank Hoste won thepoints classification, BritishRobert Millar won themountains classification andLaurent Fignon would win a total of five stages as he won the Tour with a ten-minute margin. With his air of indifference in interviews and his crushing dominance, he was hailed as France's newest superstar. He even made the claim that some of the attacks Hinault made against him were laughable and that he easily caught back up to him,[19] but this would be the second and final Tour de France win of Fignon's career. Hinault meanwhile, would sign LeMond to hisLa Vie Claire team in the offseason by visiting him at his home in theSierra Nevadas, and win his fifth Tourthe following year.
There were several classifications in the 1984 Tour de France, six of them awardingjerseys to their leaders.[21] The most important was thegeneral classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[22]
Additionally, there was apoints classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[23]
There was also amountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as eitherhors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with redpolka dots.[24]
There was also acombination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications.[25]
Another classification was theyoung rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[25]
Before the 1984 Tour, theintermediate sprints classification did not have a jersey. In the 1984 Tour, the organisers gave the leader of the classification a red jersey to wear. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints.[26]
For theteam classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellowcaps.[26] There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.[26]
In addition, there was acombativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after certain stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.[27] At the conclusion of the Tour, Bernard Hinault won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.[8] TheSouvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founderHenri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of theCol du Galibier on stage 18. This prize was won byFrancisco Rodríguez Maldonado.[28]
| Legend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Denotes the winner of thegeneral classification |  | Denotes the winner of thepoints classification | |
 | Denotes the winner of themountains classification |  | Denotes the winner of theyoung rider classification | |
 | Denotes the winner of theintermediate sprints classification | |||
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 112h 03' 40" |
| 2 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | + 10' 32" |
| 3 |  Greg LeMond (USA) | Renault–Elf | + 11' 46" |
| 4 |  Robert Millar (GBR) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 14' 42" |
| 5 |  Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 16' 35" |
| 6 |  Ángel Arroyo (ESP) | Reynolds | + 19' 22" |
| 7 | Pascal Simon (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 21' 17" |
| 8 | Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez (ESP) | Teka | + 26' 17" |
| 9 |  Claude Criquielion (BEL) | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | + 29' 12" |
| 10 |  Phil Anderson (AUS) | Panasonic–Raleigh | + 29' 16" |
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Frank Hoste (BEL) | Europ Decor–Boule d'Or | 322 |
| 2 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 318 |
| 3 | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) | Panasonic–Raleigh | 247 |
| 4 |  Leo van Vliet (NED) | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 173 |
| 5 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 146 |
| 6 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 143 |
| 7 | Francis Castaing (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 137 |
| 8 | Pascal Jules (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 123 |
| 9 | Jean-François Rault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 83 |
| 10 | Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande (BEL) | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | 80 |
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Robert Millar (GBR) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 284 |
| 2 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 212 |
| 3 | Ángel Arroyo (ESP) | Reynolds | 140 |
| 4 |  Luis Herrera (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | 108 |
| 5 | José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) | Teka | 92 |
| 6 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 89 |
| 7 | Pascal Simon (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 79 |
| 8 | Theo de Rooij (NED) | Panasonic–Raleigh | 74 |
| 9 | Greg LeMond (USA) | Renault–Elf | 69 |
| 10 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 65 |
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greg LeMond (USA) | Renault–Elf | 112h 15' 26" |
| 2 | Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez (ESP) | Teka | + 14' 31" |
| 3 |  Niki Rüttimann (SUI) | La Vie Claire | + 19' 12" |
| 4 | Rafael Acevedo (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 21' 46" |
| 5 | José Antonio Agudelo Gómez (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 37' 39" |
| 6 | Frédéric Vichot (FRA) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 41' 32" |
| 7 | Luis Herrera (COL) | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 46' 44" |
| 8 | Vincent Barteau (FRA) | Renault–Elf | + 48' 16" |
| 9 | Gilles Mas (FRA) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 53' 52" |
| 10 | Jérôme Simon (FRA) | La Redoute | + 1h 04' 47" |
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacques Hanegraaf (NED) | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 155 |
| 2 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | 52 |
| 3 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 51 |
| 4 | Phil Anderson (AUS) | Panasonic–Raleigh | 47 |
| 5 | Sean Kelly (IRE) | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 47 |
| 6 | Alain Bondue (FRA) | La Redoute | 42 |
| 7 | Alfons De Wolf (BEL) | Europ Decor–Boule d'Or | 37 |
| 8 | Pascal Jules (FRA) | Renault–Elf | 34 |
| 9 | Dominique Garde (FRA) | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 34 |
| 10 | Ludo Peeters (BEL) | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 32 |
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Renault–Elf | 336h 31' 16" |
| 2 | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | + 46' 44" |
| 3 | Reynolds | + 57' 58" |
| 4 | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | + 1h 01' 57" |
| 5 | La Vie Claire | + 1h 15' 59" |
| 6 | Varta–Café de Colombia | + 1h 25' 02" |
| 7 | Panasonic–Raleigh | + 1h 31' 09" |
| 8 | Teka | + 1h 39' 47" |
| 9 | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | + 2h 21' 37" |
| 10 | Cilo–Aufina–Crans–Montana | + 2h 50' 56" |
| Rank | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Panasonic–Raleigh | 1159 |
| 2 | Renault–Elf | 1318 |
| 3 | Peugeot–Shell–Michelin | 1322 |
| 4 | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | 1371 |
| 5 | La Vie Claire | 1506 |
| 6 | Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | 2048 |
| 7 | Reynolds | 2136 |
| 8 | Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc | 2162 |
| 9 | COOP–Hoonved | 2224 |
| 10 | Teka | 2433 |
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Media related toTour de France 1984 at Wikimedia Commons
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