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1845 to 1868 in baseball

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The following are thebaseball events of the years 1845 to 1868 throughout the world.

Events

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  • 1837 – The Gotham Club of New York is formed.
  • 1845 Summer – The Knickerbocker Base Ball Club is formed by breakaway members of the New York or "Gotham" Club, headed byDuncan Curry,Alexander Cartwright andWilliam R. Wheaton.
  • 1845 September 10 – A baseball game is played that is described the following day in theNew York Morning News, the earliest known game write-up.[1]
  • 1845 September 23 – TheNew York Knickerbockers draw up the earliest surviving set of baseball rules, theKnickerbocker Rules, which are written down byWilliam R. Wheaton andWilliam H. Tucker.[2]
  • 1845 October 11 – A club from Brooklyn defeats one from New York (i.e. Manhattan) at the Union Star Cricket Ground in Brooklyn, the home team winning 22–1. The game is reported in theNew York Morning News andTrue Sun newspapers.
  • 1845 October 21 – A second baseball game is played between the New York and Brooklyn clubs at the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey, with New York prevailing 24–4, and the first knownbox score appears in theNew York Morning News the following day.
  • 1845 October 25 – The rubber game is played between New York and Brooklyn at the Union Star Cricket Ground, New York taking the game and the series by a score of 34–19.
  • 1846 June 19 – TheNew York Knickerbockers play the "New York nine" atElysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey.[3] The Knickerbockers lose to the New Yorks by a score of 23–1 in four innings of play.
  • 1850 April – The Eagle Club is formed. The Gotham Club is organized.[4]
  • 1852 – The Eagle Club publishes its rules.
  • 1854 – The Knickerbocker, Gotham and Eagle clubs agree on a unified set of rules. The pitching distance is defined for the first time, as "not less than 15 paces."
  • 1854 October 12 – The Empire club is formed in Manhattan but plays in Hoboken.
  • 1854 December 8 – TheExcelsior club established in South Brooklyn.
  • 1855 – TheAtlantic Club of Brooklyn is organized in Jamaica, Long Island.
  • 1855 May 1 The Newark Club established in New Jersey.
  • 1855 May – The Putnam Club established in Williamsburgh, Brooklyn.
  • 1855 June 4 – The Baltic Club of New York formed.
  • 1855 June 27 TheEckford club established in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.
  • 1855 July 17 – TheUnion Club founded inMorrisania (now in the Bronx).
  • 1855 October – The Continental Club organized inWilliamsburgh, Brooklyn.
  • 1856 March – The Harlem Club established.
  • 1856 June 28 – The Enterprise club founded in Bedford.
  • 1856 August 14 – The Atlantic of New York club established inBedford.
  • 1856 October – The Star club organized in South Brooklyn.[5]
  • 1857 – TheMutual Club is founded in Manhattan and theAdriatic Club in Newark, NJ.
  • 1857 January – The Independent club founded in New York.
  • 1857 January 22 and February 25 – TheNational Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) is formed inmeetings of sixteen New York area baseball clubs, and promulgates revised rules including nine-inning games, nine-man teams and 90 feet between the bases.[6]
  • 1857 March – The Liberty club established in New Brunswick.
  • 1857 March 4 – The Metropolitan club organized in New York.
  • 1857 March 14 – The Champion club organized in New York.
  • 1857 March 23 – The Hamilton club established in Brooklyn.
  • 1857 April 28 – The St. Nicholas club organized in Hoboken.
  • 1858 – The first all-star games, and the first baseball games to charge admission, took place inCorona, Queens,New York, at the Fashion Race Course.[7] The called strike is introduced.
  • 1859 – The Potomac Club is formed in the summer and theNational club in November in Washington, D.C.
  • 1859 July 1 –Amherst College defeatsWilliams College 73–32 in a game played inPittsfield, Massachusetts.[8]
  • 1860 –Athletic of Philadelphia is formed. TheOlympic Ball Club of Philadelphia changes from "Philadelphia rules"town ball to New York (NABBP) rules. TheEureka Club of Newark starts playing other teams in the NABBP. The Union Club ofLansingburgh team is formed, which would later become theHaymaker Club of Troy in the NABBP. The first baseball almanac,Beadle's Dime Base-Ball Player edited byHenry Chadwick, begins publication.[9]
  • 1860 February 22 – First recorded baseball game played in San Francisco, California between the San Francisco Eagles and the San Francisco Red Rovers.[10]
  • 1860 September 28 – The first baseball game reported between two named black teams. At Elysian Fields inHoboken, New Jersey, theWeeksville of New York beat the Colored Union Club 11–0.
  • 1862 April – The Summit City Club is formed in Fort Wayne, Indiana (the club would reform as theKekionga in 1866).
  • 1864 – The called ball and base-on-balls are introduced.
  • 1865 – The "fly rule" introduced: fair balls caught on the first bounce are no longer outs.
  • 1865 August 30 – PresidentAndrew Johnson welcomes theAtlantic andNational clubs to theWhite House in the first documented case of the long-standing tradition of inviting successful sports teams to meet with the President.[11]
  • 1865 October – TheCream City Club of Milwaukee team is formed.
  • 1866 – TheKekionga club is reformed in Fort Wayne after the end of the Civil War.
  • 1866–1868 – TheForest City Club of Rockford, Illinois features future superstarsAlbert Spalding andRoss Barnes.
  • 1866 June 23 – The Resolute Base Ball Club of Cincinnati, the futureRed Stockings, is formed and plays four outside matches.
  • 1867 – The Cincinnati Base Ball Club plays in the NABBP.

Champions

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TheAtlantic of Brooklyn, "Champions of America", 1865

Season records

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At its December 1868 annual meeting, theNational Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) permitted professional clubs. Twelve existing members did "go pro" and constitute theprofessional field for 1869.

1868 records of major clubs

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Marshall Wright publishes 1868 season records for 98 teams, many of them incomplete ("(inc)" in the table). Bill Ryczek calls 15 of that season's teams "major" (not marked). This table covers all of those "majors" (not marked), all of the 1869 "pros" (*), all 14 member clubs with at least twelve wins on record, and a few others. For the seven listed clubs in Greater New York, no city is named in the first column; the comment gives their locales.

Club, CityWLTcomment
Atlantic477*Brooklyn
Athletic, Philadelphia473*
Union376(inc)Morrisania, New York
Cincinnati "Red Stockings"367*
Mutual3110*New York
Eckford2312*Brooklyn
Buckeye, Cincinnati215(inc)
Union, Lansingburgh155*the "Troy Haymakers"
Champion147Jersey City, New Jersey
Harvard, Cambridge142the college team
National, Albany138
Olympic, Washington12111*
Tri-Mountain, Boston129(inc)
Maryland, Baltimore126*
Forest City, Cleveland11111*
Lowell, Boston119
Forest City, Rockford114
Star910Brooklyn
Excelsior, Chicago781(inc)
National, Washington73*
Keystone, Philadelphia5101(inc) *
Irvington26(inc) *Irvington, New Jersey

At least four Association clubs not listed here would someday try professionalism: Riverside of Portsmouth, Ohio (1870); Kekionga of Fort Wayne, Indiana (1871); Middletown of Mansfield, Connecticut (1872); Resolute of Elizabeth, New Jersey (1873).

Meanwhile, only two brand new professional baseball clubs would be established in the next three years, theChicago White Stockings for 1870 and theBoston Red Stockings for 1871. Their commercial origins may be related to their survival alone by 1877, and on to 2010, while all of their rivals with older and amateur roots fell away.

1867 records of major clubs

[edit]

Marshall Wright publishes 1867 season records for 89 teams, many of them incomplete ("(inc)" in the table). Bill Ryczek calls 17 of that season's teams "major" (not marked). This table covers all of those "majors", all 13 member clubs with at least fourteen wins on record, and a few others. For the nine listed clubs in Greater New York, no city is named in the first column; the comment gives their locales.

Club, CityWLTcomment
Athletic, Philadelphia443*
National, Washington297*
Quaker City, Philadelphia289maybe a one-season club
Mutual2361*New York
Keystone, Philadelphia2161*
Union218Morrisania, New York
Atlantic1951*Brooklyn
Geary, Philadelphia196
Tri-Mountain, Boston193
Cincinnati "Red Stockings"171*
Irvington167*Irvington, New Jersey
Oriental153Greenpoint, New York
Union, Lansingburgh147*the "Troy Haymakers"
Excelsior115Brooklyn
Olympic, Washington115*
Harvard, Cambridge112the college team
Excelsior, Chicago101
Lowell, Boston85(inc)
Buckeye, Cincinnati78
Eckford6161*Brooklyn
Star64(inc)Brooklyn
West Philadelphia, Phila.512(inc)
Eureka38(inc)Newark NJ

Star (*) marks ten clubs among twelve who would go pro in 1869. Excelsior of Chicago and Buckeye of Cincinnati are listed because they were probably the strongest teams in the west after the Cincinnati Red Stockings.

1866 records of major clubs

[edit]

Marshall Wright publishes 1866 season records for 58 of 93 association members, said to be complete for games between two member clubs. Bill Ryczek calls 20 of that season's teams "major" including three old New York rivals of theKnickerbockers.

This table covers all of those "majors", all 14 members with at least eight wins on record, and a few others. For the fifteen listed clubs in Greater New York, no city is named in the first column; the comment gives their locales.

Club, CityWLTcomment
Union253Morrisania, New York
Athletic, Philadelphia232*
Atlantic173*Brooklyn
Excelsior1361Brooklyn
Active106New York
National, Washington105*
Mutual102*New York
Eckford98*Brooklyn
Eureka97Newark, New Jersey
Enterprise96Brooklyn
Irvington96*Irvington, New Jersey
Mohawk93Brooklyn
Star86Brooklyn
Americus85Newark, New Jersey
Keystone, Philadelphia551*
Empire47New York
Gotham44New York
Eagle29New York
Camden, Camden25Camden, New Jersey
Lowell, Boston20
Harvard, Cambridge15the college team
Union, Lansingburgh*non-member; now inTroy, New York

Star (*) marks eight clubs among twelve who would go pro in 1869, three seasons later.

1865 and earlier clubs

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For the preceding 1865 season Marshall Wright lists 30 members with supposedly complete records for most of them. Twenty-two of the thirty were in Greater New York. Bill Ryczek calls 19 teams "major" in the first season that he covers: sixteen of the members and three others (Lowell, Harvard, and Camden).

No one traveled much and membership was still depressed by the Civil War. There had been 59 delegates at the March 1860 annual meeting, and 55 at the next annual meeting that December (on a new baseball calendar), who thereby intended to play during the 1861 season that the war curtailed. Nine of 59 and eleven of 55 were from outside Greater New York.[12]

Births

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1840s

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1850s

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  • 1850
Date of birth missing
Date of birth missing

1860–1868

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Jim Adams
Frank Knauss
Sparrow McCaffrey
Ambrose McGann
Ed Pabst
Jim Powers
Kid Summers
Fred Truax

Deaths

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1860s

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References

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  1. ^"Baseball History: 19th Century Baseball: The Game". RetrievedOctober 15, 2009.
  2. ^"Knickerbocker Baseball Rules". RetrievedOctober 11, 2009.
  3. ^O’Reilly, Charles (May 24, 2005)."Birthplace of Baseball Monument, Hoboken, N.J." Archived fromthe original on July 24, 2008. RetrievedJuly 4, 2009.
  4. ^This may refer to the existing New Yorks/Gothams adopting a formal constitution and by-laws.
  5. ^This may have been an offshoot of South Brooklyn's Star Cricket Club.
  6. ^The sixteen clubs were the Knickerbocker, Baltic, Eagle, Empire, Gotham, and Harlem of New York; Atlantic, Bedford, Continental, Eckford, Excelsior, Harmony, Nassau, Olympic and Putnam of Brooklyn; and Union of Morrisania
  7. ^All Star Games of 1858"All-Star Games of 1858 | Baseball History Blog". Archived fromthe original on October 16, 2013. RetrievedAugust 5, 2013. Accessed August 5, 2013
  8. ^"Cool Quiz! Trivia, Quizzes, Puzzles, Jokes, Useless Knowledge, FUN!: On The Way To Today... July 1st". Archived fromthe original on June 9, 2011. RetrievedOctober 15, 2009.
  9. ^1860 Beadles Full Text
  10. ^Franks, Joel (2001).Whose baseball?: the national pastime and cultural diversity in California, 1859–1941.Scarecrow Press. p. 31.ISBN 978-0-8108-3927-4.
  11. ^Neumann, Thomas (March 1, 2016)."Why White House visits by champions are a U.S. tradition".ESPN.com. RetrievedJune 14, 2019.
  12. ^Wright, 41–63.
  • Orem, Preston D. (1961).Baseball (1845–1881) From the Newspaper Accounts. Altadena, California: Self-published.
  • Ryczek, William J. (1998).When Johnny Came Sliding Home: The Post-Civil War Baseball Boom, 1865–1870. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co.ISBN 0-7864-0514-7.
  • Wright, Marshall D. (2000).The National Association of Base Ball Players, 1857–1870. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co.ISBN 0-7864-0779-4.

External links

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