Calendar year
June 3 : The PeshwarBaji Rao II of theMaratha Confederacy surrendersIndia toJohn Malcolm of theBritish East India Company .1818 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1818 .
January 3 (21:52 UTC):Venus occults Jupiter for the last planetary occultation until2065 .1818 (MDCCCXVIII ) was acommon year starting on Thursday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1818th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 18th year of the19th century , and the 9th year of the1810s decade. As of the start of 1818, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
OriginalLaufmaschine of 1817 made to measure. April 5 :Battle of Maipú April 1 –First Seminole War – Battle ofMiccosukee, Florida : GeneralAndrew Jackson defeats chief Kinhagee.April 4 – TheUnited States Congress adopts theflag of the United States as having thirteen red and white stripes, and one star for each state (twenty), with additional stars to be added whenever a new state is added to the Union.April 5 –Chilean War of Independence –Battle of Maipú : Patriot rebels, led byJosé de San Martín , decisively defeat the SpanishRoyalists .April 7 –Brooks Brothers South Street Seaport stands.April 14 –August 9 – The United States Survey of the Coast operations is suspended.April 18 –John Ross sets sail on his ship, theIsabella , in search of theNorthwest Passage .[ 3] May 11 June 3 –Baji Rao II ,Peshwa of theMaratha Confederacy , surrenders to SirJohn Malcolm of theBritish East India Company , bringing an end to theThird Anglo-Maratha War and giving the company control of almost all of modern-dayIndia .[ 4] June 10 – The British Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister Jenkinson, and newelections are scheduled for August 4 for the House of Commons.[ 5] June 11 –Prince William ,Duke of Clarence and St Andrews , third oldest son of King George III and the future King William IV of the United Kingdom, marriesAdelaide of Saxe-Meiningen .[ 6] June 18 – At least 34 people are killed inSwitzerland , when the melting of a glacier releases the natural dam ofLac de Mauvoisin , sending the waters of the lake and theDranse River into the valley ofBagnes .[ 7] June –Battle of Kafir Qala : The Afghans defeat a Persian invasion.[citation needed July 1 – After a war that began onNovember 5 ,1817 , the forces of theEast India Company defeatBaji Rao II in battle and acquire control over theMaratha Empire .[ 8] July 3 – English poetLord Byron , resident in Italy, begins work on his satirical epicDon Juan canto by September 19, he will die in1824 before he can finish the poem, after completing 16cantos and working on the 17th.[ 9] July 11 – TheBank of the United States reverses its policy of expanding credit, and sends notices to its borrowers nationwide demanding immediate repayment of balances due; the defaults during the next six months will trigger thePanic of 1819 .[ 10] July 15 – U.S. PresidentJames Monroe convenes a cabinet meeting, to discuss whether GeneralAndrew Jackson 's unauthorized invasion and conquest ofSpanish Florida should be disavowed by the White House. Secretary of StateJohn Quincy Adams persuades the President that the action is justifiable, in stopping terror caused by the Seminole tribes.[ 11] July 29 – French physicistAugustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on theDiffraction of Light" to theFrench Academy of Sciences , precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory oflight .July 31 – The first newspaper inCleveland ,Ohio is issued by publisher Andrew Logan.[ 12] The Cleaveland Gazette & Commercial Register .[ 13] August 1 – A separateTopographical Bureau of theUnited States Department of War is established.August 4 –1818 United Kingdom general election for the House of Commons. The Tory Party, led by Prime MinisterRobert Jenkinson , retains its control of the government but loses some seats.[ 5] September 7 –Carl III ofSweden–Norway is crowned king ofNorway , inTrondheim .September 23 – Border markers are formally installed for the European territory ofMoresnet .September – SirStamford Raffles sets out to visitLord Hastings ,Governor-General of India , to gain his approval to establish a trading station at the southern tip of theMalay Peninsula (modern-daySingapore ).October 5 –Claudine Thévenet (known asMary of St. Ignatius ) founds theRoman Catholic orderReligieuses de Jésus-Marie ("Religious of Jesus And Mary") inLyon , France.October 20 – Atreaty between the U.S. and the United Kingdom establishes the boundary between the U.S. andBritish North America as the49th parallel , from theLake of the Woods to theRocky Mountains , also creating theNorthwest Angle .November 11 –Anglo-Chinese College is founded byRobert Morrison inMalacca (later renamed Ying Wa College).November 16 – The Saint Louis Academy, which later becomesSaint Louis University , is founded by ReverendLouis William Valentine Dubourg in the United States.December 3 –Illinois is admitted as the 21stU.S. state .December 13 –Cyril VI of Constantinople quits his place as anEcumenical Patriarch .December 24 – TheChristmas carol "Silent Night " (Stille Nacht ), with words by the priestJosef Mohr , set to music by organistFranz Xaver Gruber , is first performed at St. Nikolaus Parish Church, inOberndorf bei Salzburg , Austria.Karl Marx Alexander II of Russia Sophie of Württemberg January 1 –J. P. C. Emmons , American attorney and politician (d.1877 )January 30 –Artúr Görgey , Hungarian military general, politician (d.1916 )February 4 –Emperor Norton , San Francisco eccentric and visionary (d.1880 )February 13 –Angelica Singleton Van Buren , ActingFirst Lady of the United States (d.1877 )February 14 –Frederick Douglass (his day of birth was never established; he adopted this date), American abolitionist author, statesman (d.1895 )February 18 –Pedro Figueredo , Cuban poet, musician, and freedom writer (d.1870 )March 11 –Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville , French chemist (d.1881 )March 22 –John Ainsworth Horrocks , English-born explorer ofSouth Australia (d.1846 )March 24 –William E. Le Roy , American admiral (d.1888 )March 28 –Wade Hampton III , Confederate soldier and South Carolinian politician (d.1902 )April 4 –Thomas Mayne Reid , Irish-American novelist (d.1883 )April 6 –Aasmund Olavsson Vinje , Norwegian journalist and poet (d.1870 )April 8 –April 17 – EmperorAlexander II of Russia (d.1881 )April 19 –Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet , English writer, Liberal Party politician (d.1883 )May 5 –Karl Marx , German political philosopher, co-author ofThe Communist Manifesto (d.1883 )May 27 –Amelia Bloomer , American dress reformer, women's rights activist (d.1894 )June 3 –Louis Faidherbe , French general and colonial administrator (d.1889 )June 17 June 18 –Angelo Secchi , Italian astronomer (d.1878 )Emily Brontë Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe James Prescott Joule July 1 –Ignaz Semmelweis , Hungarian physician, obstetrician (d.1865 )July 18 –Louis Gerhard De Geer , 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (d.1896 )July 22 –J. Gregory Smith , Vermont governor (d.1891 )July 27 –Agostino Roscelli , Italian priest, founder of the Institute of Sisters of the Immaculata (d.1902 )July 30 August 11 –Méry von Bruiningk , Estonian democrat (d.1853 )August 25 –Shiv Dayal Singh , Founder and first SatGuru of RadhaSoami Faith (d.1878 )September 1 –José María Castro Madriz , firstPresident of Costa Rica , founder of the republic (d.1892 )September 12 –Richard Jordan Gatling , American inventor, gunsmith (d.1903 )September 27 –Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe , German chemist (d.1884 )October 8 –John Henninger Reagan , American Confederate politician (d.1905 )October 12 –Maximilian Cercha , Polish painter and drawer (d.1907 )October 15 –Irvin McDowell , American general (d.1885 )October 18 –Francis Dutton , Germany-bornPremier of South Australia (d.1877 )November 5 –Benjamin Franklin Butler , American lawyer, politician, and general (d.1893 )November 9 (October 28 (O.S.)) –Ivan Turgenev , Russian writer (d.1883 )November 23 –József Szlávy , 6th Prime Minister of Hungary (d.1900 )November 29 –George Brown , Canadian politician (d.1880 )December 13 –Mary Todd Lincoln ,First Lady of the United States (d.1882 )December 18 –Max Joseph von Pettenkofer , German chemist and hygienist (d.1901 )December 24 –James Prescott Joule , English physicist (d.1889 )[ 15] December 27 –J. Lawrence Smith , American chemist (d.1883 )Charles XIII of Sweden Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp January 2 –Martha Christina Tiahahu ,Moluccan freedom fighter, national heroine of Indonesia (b.1800 )[ 16] January 11 –Johann David Wyss , Swiss author (b.1743 )February 5 –Charles XIII/Charles II , King of Sweden and Norway (b.1748 )February 13 –George Rogers Clark , American Revolutionary leader (b.1752 )February 15 –Friedrich Ludwig, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen , Prussian general (b.1746 )February 21 –David Humphreys , American diplomat (b.1752 )March 24 –Humphry Repton , English garden designer (b.1752 )[ 17] April 16 –Nikolaus von Krufft , Austrian composer and civil servant (b.1779 )May 2 –Herman Willem Daendels ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1762 )May 10 –Paul Revere , American patriot, silversmith (b.1735 )May 13 –Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé (b.1736 )May 18 –Maddalena Laura Sirmen , Italian musician and composer (b.1745 )[ 18] May 26 –Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly , Russian military commander (b.1761 )June 12 –Egwale Seyon , Emperor of EthiopiaJune 20 –Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp , queen consort of Sweden and Norway (b.1759 )[ 19] June 24 –Alexander Kurakin , Russian diplomat (b.1752 )Abigail Adams Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz July 28 –Gaspard Monge , French mathematician and geometer (b.1746 )August 4 –Tom Molineaux , African-American boxer (b.1784 )August 5 –Sir John Barrington, 9th Baronet of Great Britain (b.1752 )August 11 –Robert Carr Brackenbury , English Methodist preacher (b.1752 )August 12 –Nikolay Novikov , Russian writer (b.1744 )August 22 –Warren Hastings , EnglishGovernor-General of India (b.1732 )August 31 –Arthur St. Clair , American soldier, politician (b.1737 )September 1 –Robert Calder , British naval officer (b.1745 )September 9 –Seymour Fleming , British noblewoman (b.1758 )October 28 –Abigail Adams ,First Lady of the United States (b.1744 )October 28 –Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke , duc de Feltre, French marshal, politician (b.1765 )November 17 –Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , queen ofGeorge III of the United Kingdom (b.1744 )December 25 –Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon ,Marshal of France (b.1754 )^ "Patent for Drais' "Laufmaschine", the ancestor of all bicycle" .Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt . 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(1984).The President, Congress, and the Constitution: Power and Legitimacy in American Politics . Simon and Schuster. p. 294. ^ Robison, W. Scott (1887).History of the City of Cleveland: Its Settlement, Rise and Progress 28 . ^ Rich, Bob (2013).A Touch of Cleveland History: Stories from the First 200 Years . Gray & Company. p. 43. ^ "Emily Bronte | Biography, Works, & Facts" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedApril 17, 2019 .^ Glazebrook, Richard Tetley (1892)."Joule, James Prescott" Lee, Sidney (ed.).Dictionary of National Biography ^ Alaidrus, Syarivah (April 27, 2010)."Martha Christina Si Pemberani dari Timur" [Martha Christina, the Brave One from the East].Kompas (in Indonesian). Jakarta. Archived fromthe original on April 22, 2012. RetrievedDecember 27, 2011 . ^ Courtney, William Prideaux (1896)."Repton, Humphry" Lee, Sidney (ed.).Dictionary of National Biography ^ Blom, Eric ed.;Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians ^ "Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta, drottning" .SKBL . 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