Calendar year
April 19 :Venezuela becomes first South American nation to declare independence fromSpain .May 22 :Argentina declares independence from Spain.July 20 : inColombia , theUnited Provinces of New Granada declare independence from Spain.1810 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1810 .
August 20–27:Battle of Grand Port 1810 (MDCCCX ) was acommon year starting on Monday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1810th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 10th year of the19th century , and the 1st year of the1810s decade. As of the start of 1810, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
April 2 –Napoleon Bonaparte marriesMarie Louise of Austria, Duchess of Parma , in person, in Paris.[ 5] April 19 –Venezuela achieves home rule:Vicente Emparán , Governor of theCaptaincy General of Venezuela , is removed by the people ofCaracas , andSupreme Junta is installed. Venezuela is the first South American state to proclaim independence from Spain.April 27 –Beethoven composes his famous piano piece,Für Elise May 1 –Macon's Bill Number 2 becomes law in the United States, intending to motivateBritain and France to stop seizing American vessels during theNapoleonic Wars .April –Kaumualii receives an assurance of the continued independence of theKingdom of Hawaii .[ 6] May 3 –Lord Byron swims across theHellespont in Turkey.[ 7] May 10 – Rev.Henry Duncan opens the world's first commercialsavings bank , inRuthwell , Scotland.[ 8] May 16 –Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes his bookZur Farbenlehre (Theory of Colours [ 9] May 18 –25 –May Revolution : Armed citizens ofBuenos Aires expel theViceroy and establish a provincial government forArgentina (thePrimera Junta Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros is removed.June 7 – Argentina's new junta publishes the country's first newspaper, theGazeta de Buenos-Ayres Mariano Moreno .June 23 –John Jacob Astor forms thePacific Fur Company .June –Nicolas Appert publishesL'art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les substances animales ou végétales , the first description of modernfood preservation using airtight containers. July 9 July 11 –Frederick Hasselborough discoversMacquarie Island , in the subantarctic.[ 12] [ 13] July 20 –Patria Boba José Acevedo y Gómez , assemble inBogotá in theViceroyalty of New Granada (modern-dayColombia ), to declare its independence from theSpanish Empire . The firstSouth American nation to break away fromSpain as the third oldest independent republic state afterHaiti .July 24 – Paraguay governorBernardo de Velasco and theCabildo of Asunción declare their loyalty toFerdinand VII to Spain and break up their relationship withBuenos Aires .August 2 – InQuito , Ecuador, 200 citizens are slaughtered in the Royal barracks and the surrounding streets, by royalist troops.August 6 – The city ofSanta Cruz de Mompox , in modern-dayColombia , declares independence from theSpanish Empire .August 20 –27 –Battle of Grand Port : The French defeat aRoyal Navy frigate squadron attempting to blockade a harbour onIsle de France (Mauritius) .August 21 –Jean Baptiste Bernadotte ,Marshal of France , is electedCrown Prince of Sweden, by the SwedishRiksdag of the Estates .[ 14] September 8 – TheTonquin New York Harbor , with 33 employees ofJohn Jacob Astor 's newly createdPacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of theColumbia River , and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town ofAstoria .September 16 –Grito de Dolores Miguel Hidalgo , a Catholic priest fromGuanajuato , incites the revolt that becomes theMexican War of Independence .September 18 – Chile forms itsFirst National Junta , which is the country's first step towardsits independence .September 22 –Manuel Belgrano prepares his invasion to the Provincia delParaguay .September 23 – TheRepublic of West Florida declares independence from Spain.September 26 – A newAct of Succession is adopted by theRiksdag of the Estates , andJean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.Frédéric Chopin Robert Schumann January 3 –Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie , Irish-French geographer (d.1897 )January 13 –Ernestine Rose , Polish-born feminist (d.1892 )January 29 –Ernst Kummer , German mathematician (d.1893 )February 5 –Ole Bull , Norwegian violinist (d.1880 )[ 17] February 8 –Eliphas Levi , French writer (d.1875 )March 1 [ 18] Frédéric Chopin , Polish composer, pianist (d.1849 )[ 19] March 2 –Pope Leo XIII (b. Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci) (d.1903 )March 10 –Samuel Ferguson , Northern Irish lawyer, poet and artist (d.1886 )[ 20] March 28 –Alexandre Herculano , Portuguese writer and historian (d.1877 )[ 21] April 8 –Hégésippe Moreau , French writer and poet (d.1838 )May 2 –Hans Christian Lumbye , Danish composer (d. 1874)[ 22] May 23 –Margaret Fuller , American journalist, literary critic and feminist (d.1850 )[ 23] May 24 –Abraham Geiger , Germanrabbi , founder of EuropeanReform Judaism (d.1874 )May 31 –Horatio Seymour ,18th Governor of New York ,1868 Democratic Party Presidential Nominee (d.1886 )June 8 –Robert Schumann , German composer and pianist (d.1856 )[ 24] June 9 –Otto Nicolai , German composer and conductor (d.1849 )[ 25] June 14 –Ward Hunt ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1886 )Theodor Schwann July 5 –P. T. Barnum , American showman (d.1891 )[ 26] July 20 –Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal , Prussian field marshal (d.1900 )[ 27] July 21 –Henri Victor Regnault , French chemist, physicist (d.1878 )[ 28] August 4 –Maurice de Guérin , French poet (d.1839 )[ 29] August 10 –Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour , 1st Prime Minister of Italy (d.1861 )[ 30] August 24 –Theodore Parker , American preacher, Transcendentalist, and abolitionist (d.1860 )August 29 –Juan Bautista Alberdi , Argentinian politician, writer and Constitution main promoter (d.1884 )[ 31] September 29 –Elizabeth Gaskell , British novelist (d.1865 )[ 32] November 3 –Yisroel Salanter , father of the Musar movement in Orthodox Judaism (d.1883 )[ 33] November 7 –Ferenc Erkel , Hungarian musician and composer (d.1893 )[ 34] November 8 –Pierre Bosquet , French general,Marshal of France (d.1861 )[ 35] November 9 –Bernhard von Langenbeck , German surgeon (d.1887 )[ 36] November 26 –William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong , English engineer, inventor of theHydraulic accumulator (d.1900 )[ 37] December 7 –Theodor Schwann , German physiologist (d.1882 )[ 38] December 11 –Alfred de Musset , French poet (d.1857 )[ 39] December 24 –Wilhelm Marstrand , Danish painter (d.1873 )[ 40] Henry Cavendish January 15 –Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova , Russian princess, courtier and patron of the arts and sciences, first woman to head a scientific academy (b. 1743)January 20 –Benjamin Chew , Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania (b.1722 )January 23 –Johann Wilhelm Ritter , German chemist, physicist (b.1776 )February 20 –Andreas Hofer , Tyrolean national hero (executed) (b.1767 )February 22 –Charles Brockden Brown , American novelist (b.1771 ; tuberculosis)[ 42] February 24 –Henry Cavendish , British scientist (b.1731 )[ 43] March 7 –Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood , British admiral (b.1750 )March 10 –Augusta Dorothea, Abbess of Gandersheim , German princess (b.1749 )March 12 –Jean-François-Auguste Moulin , member of the French Directory (b.1752 )April 25 –Jacob Broom , American businessman and politician (b.1752 )April 26 –John Metcalf , English roadbuilder (b.1717 )May 9 –Benjamin Lincoln , major general in theContinental Army during theAmerican Revolutionary War (b. 1733)May 21 –Chevalier d'Eon , French-born diplomat, spy, soldier and transvestite (b.1728 )June 7 –Luigi Schiavonetti , Italian engraver (b.1765 )June 26 –Joseph-Michel Montgolfier , French inventor (b.1740 )[ 44] Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz July 6 –Andrianampoinimerina , ruler of Madagascar (b.1745 )[ 45] July 19 –Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Queen of Prussia (b.1776 )August 12 –Étienne Louis Geoffroy , French pharmacist, entomologist (b.1725 )August 26 –Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires , French officer in Spanish colonial military service (executed) (b. 1753)September 13 –William Cushing ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b.1732 )September 17 –Ulla von Höpken , Swedish courtier, influential socialite (b.1749 )October 15 –Alfred Moore , American judge (b.1755 )November 2 –Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom , Member of the British Royal Family (b.1783 )November 11 December 2 –Philipp Otto Runge , German painter (b.1777 )December 5 –Kumara Swamy Desikar , Indian philosopher (b.1711 )December 14 –Cyrus Griffin , lastPresident of the Continental Congress (b.1749 )^ Ward, Russel (1975).Australia: a short history ISBN 978-0-7254-0164-1 ^ Mills, William James (2003).Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia ISBN 9781576074220 ^ Modern Europe a popular History ^ C. W. Crawley (1957).The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 9, War and Peace in an Age of Upheaval, 1793-1830 ISBN 978-0-521-04547-6 ^ Geoffrey James Ellis (11 November 1991).The Napoleonic Empire ISBN 978-1-349-08847-8 ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (1985).Native Hawaiian Study Commission Report: Oversight Hearing Before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session ... Hearing Held in Washington, DC, May 3, 1984 ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ "Chronology of Scottish History" .A Timeline of Scottish History . Rampant Scotland. RetrievedMarch 10, 2014 .^ Götz Hoeppe,Why the Sky is Blue: Discovering the Color of Life (Princeton University Press, 2007) p126 ^ Stuart Woolf (2002).Napoleon's Integration of Europe . Taylor & Francis. p. 30.ISBN 9781134944200 ^ George Hewitt,The Abkhazians: A Handbook (Routledge, 2013) p74 ^ Rubin, Jeff (2005).Antarctica ISBN 1-74059-094-5 . RetrievedJune 30, 2010 . ^ Scott, Keith (1993).The Australian Geographic book of Antarctica . Terrey Hills, NSW: Australian Geographic. p. 14.ISBN 1-86276-010-1 ^ Simon Forty; Michael Swift (2003).Historical Maps of the Napoleonic Wars ISBN 978-1-85753-332-3 ^ Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett Esher (Viscount) (1928).Wellington ^ Steeve Coupeau,The History of Haiti (Greenwood, 2008) p49 ^ "Ole Bull (Store norske leksikon)" . Snl.no. 2013-02-27. Retrieved2013-04-07 .^ A baptismal record gives February 22;see Frédéric Chopin for details. ^ Zamoyski, Adam (2010).Chopin: Prince of the Romantics . London:HarperCollins . pp. 4– 5.ISBN 978-0-00-735182-4 ^ Boylan, Henry (1998).A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition . Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 129.ISBN 978-0-7171-2945-4 ^ Ford, Jeremiah Denis Mathias (1910)."Alejandro Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo" Catholic Encyclopedia ^ Constance Green; David Mason Greene (1985).Greene's biographical encyclopedia of composers . Doubleday. p. 571.ISBN 9780385142786 ^ Nelson, Randy F.The Almanac of American Letters . Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 42.ISBN 0-86576-008-X ^ John Daverio (10 April 1997).Robert Schumann: Herald of a "New Poetic Age" ISBN 978-0-19-983931-5 ^ Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911)."Nicolaï, Otto" Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Morgen Witzel (15 March 2005).Encyclopedia of History of American Management ISBN 978-1-84714-469-0 ^ public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Blumenthal, Leonhard ".Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Turner Browne; Elaine Partnow (1983).Macmillan biographical encyclopedia of photographic artists & innovators . Macmillan. p. 503.ISBN 9780025175006 ^ public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Guérin du Cayla, Georges Maurice de ".Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Imbert de Saint-Amand (1898).The Court of the Second Empire . C. Scribner's sons. p. 310. ^ Carlos A. Solé; Maria Isabel Abreu (1989).Latin American Writers . Scribner. p. 153.ISBN 9780684185972 ^ "Elizabeth Gaskell Biography - The Gaskell Society" .Gaskellsociety.co.uk . Retrieved20 January 2025 .^ Jacob Neusner, ed. (2003).Understanding Rabbinic Judaism: From Talmudic to Modern Times . Wipf & Stock Publishers. p. 355.ISBN 9781592442133 ^ David Mason Greene (1985).Greene's biographical encyclopedia of composers . Doubleday. p. 581.ISBN 9780385142786 ^ public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Bosquet, Pierre François Joseph ".Encyclopædia Britannica ^ public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Langenbeck, Bernhard Rudolf Konrad von ".Encyclopædia Britannica 173– 174.^ Linsley, Stafford M. (2004)."Armstrong, William George, Baron Armstrong (1810–1900), armaments manufacturer and industrialist" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/669 . (Subscription orUK public library membership required.) ^ Thomas, Tony Abraham (2017)."Theodor Schwann: A founding father of biology and medicine" .Current Medical Issues .15 (4): 299.doi :10.4103/cmi.cmi_81_17 S2CID 90944618 . ^ Alfred de Musset (1925).The Confession of a Child of the Century . Current Lit. Publishing Company. p. 224. ^ Joseph Thomas (1908).Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology . J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 1666. ^ Radu Florescu (1997).The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854 ISBN 978-973-98091-3-9 ^ Doris Devine Fanelli; Karie Diethorn (2001).History of the Portrait Collection, Independence National Historical Park ISBN 978-0-87169-242-9 ^ Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911)."Cavendish, Henry" Encyclopædia Britannica 580– 581.^ Contemporary; Contemporary Books (1993).Chase's Annual Events: The Day-By-Day Directory to 1994 ISBN 978-0-8092-3732-6 ^ Galibert, Didier (2009).Les gens du pouvoir à Madagascar – Etat postcolonial, légitimités et territoire (1956–2002) ISBN 9782811131432 ^ 
