Calendar year
July 6 : TheMonmouth Rebellion in England ends with the defeat of James Scott, Duke of Monmouth in theBattle of Sedgemoor .1685 (MDCLXXXV ) was acommon year starting on Monday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Thursday of theJulian calendar , the 1685th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 85th year of the17th century , and the 6th year of the1680s decade. As of the start of 1685, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
October 22 : TheEdict of Fontainebleau is signed.January 6 – American-born British citizenElihu Yale , for whomYale University in the U.S. is named, completes his term as the first leader of theMadras Presidency inIndia , administering the colony on behalf of theEast India Company , and is succeeded byWilliam Gyfford .January 8 – Almost 200 people are arrested inCoventry by English authorities for gathering to hear readings of the sermons of the non-conformist Protestant ministerObadiah Grew February 4 – A treaty is signed betweenBrandenburg-Prussia and the indigenous chiefs atTakoradi in what is nowGhana to permit the German colonists to build a third fort on the Brandenburger Gold Coast.[ 1] February 6 – Catholic James Stuart,Duke of York , becomes KingJames II of England andIreland , and KingJames VII of Scotland , in succession to his brotherCharles II (1660–1685), King of England, Scotland, and Ireland since1660 . James II and VII reigns until deposed, in1688 .February 20 –René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle , intending to establish a colony near the mouth of theMississippi River , lands with 200 surviving colonists atMatagorda Bay on theTexas coast, believing the Mississippi to be near. He establishesFort St. Louis .[ 2] February –March –Morean War (part of theGreat Turkish War ): TheOttoman serasker Mani Peninsula , and forces it to surrender hostages.March 28 – An attack on a Mughal Empire envoy, Khwajah Abdur Rahim, outside of the Maratha fortress at theBijapur Fort in India leads to a siege of the city by the forces of Mughal EmperorAurangzeb . The siege lasts for 15 months before Bijapur surrenders.March –Louis XIV of France passes theCode Noir April 16 –Wara Dhammaraza becomes the newKing of Arakan on the western coast ofBurma upon the death of his brother,Thiri Thuriya .April 23 – The coronation of KingJames II of England (and his Queen Consort,Mary of Modena ) takes place atWestminster Abbey .May 7 –Morean War –Battle on Vrtijeljka : Advancing Ottoman forces prevail over defendingVenetian irregulars, on a hill in theSanjak of Montenegro .May 11 –The Killing Time : FiveCovenanters inWigtown , Scotland, notablyMargaret Wilson , are executed for refusing to swear an oath declaringKing James of England, Scotland and Ireland as head of the church, becoming theWigtown martyrs [ 3] June 11 –Monmouth Rebellion :James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth , illegitimate son of KingCharles II of England ,Scotland andIreland , lands atLyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands, to challenge his uncle,James II , for the Crown of England.[ 4] June 16 – Alunar eclipse is observed in the evening byFrançois-Timoléon de Choisy , amongst others, onboard his ship in the vicinity of Madagascar. The ship was at a latitude of 37 degrees 40 minutes, and the eclipse was not visible from Europe.[ 5] June 20 –Monmouth Rebellion :James, Duke of Monmouth declares himself atTaunton to be King, and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland, and James VII of Scotland.[ 4] October 22 – Louis XIV of France issues theEdict of Fontainebleau , which revokes theEdict of Nantes and declaresProtestantism illegal, thereby deprivingHuguenots of civil rights. Their Temple de Charenton-le-Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England, Prussia and elsewhere.November 8 (October 29 O.S.) – TheEdict of Potsdam is issued byFrederick William, Elector of Brandenburg in response to France's Edict of Fontainebleau, welcoming the Protestant Huguenots of France to resettle in eastern Germany in Brandenburg. TheFrench Colony of Magdeburg is established on December 1 in Saxony as a community separate fromMagdeburg .November 11 –Morean War : TheRepublic of Venice captures the fortress town ofIgoumenitsa from theOttoman Empire , and razes it to the ground.December 3 – KingCharles XI of Sweden issues an order banningJews from settling in Sweden, particularly in the capital atStockholm "on account of the danger of the eventual influence of the Jewish religion on the pure evangelical faith."[ 8] December 10 – In what is nowThailand ,King Narai ofAyutthaya signs a treaty with representatives of France atLopburi , allowingRoman Catholic missionaries to preach theGospel and exempting Thai Catholics from work on Sunday, as well as appointing a special court to settle disputes between Thai Christians and non-Christians.George Frideric Handel George Berkeley Johann Sebastian Bach Charles VI January 1 –Joseph Burroughs , English minister (d.1761 )January 6 –Manuel de Montiano , Spanish colonial administrator (d.1762 )January 7 January 9 –Tiberius Hemsterhuis , Dutch philologist and critic (d.1766 )January 24 –Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1764 )February 6 –Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet , England (d.1775 )February 8 –Charles-Jean-François Hénault , French writer and historian (d.1770 )February 9 –Francesco Loredan , Doge of Venice (d.1762 )February 10 –Aaron Hill (writer) , English dramatist and miscellaneous writer (d.1750 )February 12 –George Hadley , English lawyer and amateur meteorologist (d.1768 )February 23 –George Frideric Handel , German composer (d.1759 )February 24 –Hieronymus Pez , Austrian historian (d.1762 )March 2 –Moses Williams (antiquarian) , Welsh scholar (d.1742 )March 11 March 12 –George Berkeley , Irish philosopher (d.1753 )March 13 –Johann Paul Schiffelholz , German Baroque composer (d.1758 )March 17 –Jean-Marc Nattier , French painter (d.1766 )March 18 –Ralph Erskine (preacher) , Scottish churchman (d.1752 )March 24 –John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland , British politician (d.1762 )March 26 March 27 –Simon Hatley , English sailor (d.1723 )March 31 –Johann Sebastian Bach , German composer (d.1750 )April 4 –Claude Sallier , French librarian (d.1761 )April 18 –Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière , French admiral, colonial administrator (d.1752 )April 24 –Cosimo Imperiali , Italian cardinal (d.1764 )April 30 –Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer , German botanist (d.1746 )May 4 –Akdun , Chinese Manchu statesman (d.1756 )May 6 –Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Prussian queen consort (d.1735 )May 19 –Neri Maria Corsini , Italian Catholic priest and cardinal (d.1770 )June 6 –Spencer Phips , Acting governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d.1757 )June 10 –Harry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford , English peer (d.1739 )June 11 –Thomas Wedgwood III , English potter, father of Josiah Wedgwood (d.1739 )June 14 –Princess Charlotte Wilhelmine of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , countess by marriage of Hanau-Münzenberg (d.1767 )June 23 –Antonio Bernacchi , Italian opera singer (d.1756 )June 24 –Hans von Lehwaldt , German general (d.1768 )June 30 July 3 –Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet , British cavalry officer (d.1768 )July 22 –Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock , Swedish general, noble (d.1743 )July 28 –Richard Newport (MP) (d.1716 )August 6 –Martin Bouquet , French Benedictine monk and historian (d.1754 )August 7 –Claude Lamoral, 6th Prince of Ligne , Austrian field marshal (d.1766 )August 8 –Claude Joseph Geoffroy , brother of Étienne François Geoffroy (d.1752 )August 15 –Jacob Theodor Klein , German scholar (d.1759 )August 18 –Brook Taylor , English mathematician (d.1731 )September 2 –Christiane Charlotte of Nassau-Ottweiler , Countess, later Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (d.1761 )September 3 –Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton (d.1754 )September 4 –Johann Adolf II, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (d.1746 )September 14 –Didier Diderot , French craftsman (d.1759 )September 16 –Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt , German scientist (d.1735 )September 17 September 20 –Giuseppe Matteo Alberti , Italian Baroque composer and violinist (d.1751 )September 29 –George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan (d.1732 )October 1 –Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d.1740 )October 13 –Henri François Le Dran , French surgeon (d.1770 )October 15 –Diederik van Domburg , 23rd Governor of Zeylan, during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d.1736 )October 21 –George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard , English Royal Navy admiral (d.1765 )October 26 –Domenico Scarlatti , Italian composer (d.1757 )October 28 –Hans Gram (historian) , Danish historian (d.1748 )October 31 –John Murray, 2nd Earl of Dunmore , Scottish soldier and peer (d.1752 )November 3 –François Roettiers , Flemish engraver, medallist, painter, sculptor (d.1742 )November 5 –Peter Angelis , French painter (d.1734 )November 7 November 10 –Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden , Scottish politician, judge (d.1747 )November 11 November 15 –Balthasar Denner , German artist (d.1749 )November 17 –Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye , French Canadian military officer (d.1749 )November 24 –Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck , German noble (d.1761 )November 25 –Eiler Hagerup d.e. , Norwegian bishop (d.1743 )November 29 –John Willes (judge) , English lawyer (d.1761 )December 6 –Marie Adélaïde of Savoy , wife ofLouis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (d.1712 )December 8 –Johann Maria Farina , Italian-born German perfumier (d.1766 )December 12 –Lodovico Giustini , Italian composer (d.1743 )December 17 –Thomas Tickell , minor English poet and man of letters (d.1740 )date unknown KingCharles II of England Emperor Go-Sai James Scott January 2 –Harbottle Grimston , English politician (b.1603 )January 13 –Daniello Bartoli , Italian Jesuit priest (b.1608 )February 6 – KingCharles II of England , Scotland and Ireland (b.1630 )[ 14] February 11 –David Teniers III , Flemish painter (b.1638 )February 20 –Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg , Danish queen (b.1628 )February 24 March 6 –Sir Thomas Spencer, 3rd Baronet , English Member of Parliament (b.1639 )March 7 –Giles Hungerford , English politician (b.1614 )March 9 –Carpoforo Tencalla , Swiss-Italian Baroque painter of canvases and frescoes (b.1623 )March 11 –Klara Izabella Pacowa , politically active Polish court official (b.1631 )March 17 –Sir Richard Bulkeley, 1st Baronet , Irish politician (b.1634 )March 19 –René-François de Sluse , Walloon mathematician (b.1622 )March 22 –Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b.1638 )March 25 –Nicolas Robert , French painter (b.1614 )March 30 –Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1641–1680) and Hanau-Münzenberg (1642–1680) (b.1623 )March 31 –Juan Hidalgo de Polanco , Spanish composer (b.1614 )April –Adriaen van Ostade , Dutch painter and engraver (b.1610 )April 5 –Samuel Sandys , English politician (b.1615 )April 14 –Thomas Otway , English dramatist (b.1652 )May 11 –Margaret Wilson (Scottish martyr) (b. c.1667 )May 25 –Sir John Marsham, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.1602 )May 26 –Karl II, Elector Palatine (b.1651 )June 10 –Henry Goring , English politician (b.1646 )June 16 –Anne Killigrew , English poet and painter (b.1660 )June 26 –John Evelyn , English politician (b.1601 )June 30 –Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll , Scottish peer (b.1629 )July 6 –Nicholas Pedley , English politician (b.1615 )July 15 –James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth , illegitimate son ofCharles II of England (beheaded) (b.1649 )July 28 –Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington , English statesman (b.1618 )August 8 –Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato (b.1609 )September 1 –Leoline Jenkins , Welsh lawyer and diplomat (b.1625 )September 5 –Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (b.1637 )September 9 –Richard Ingoldsby , English politician (b.1617 )September 17 –Arthur Spry , English politician (b.1612 )September 24 –Gustaf Otto Stenbock , Swedish soldier and politician (b.1614 )October 1 –Kanō Yasunobu , Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting, during the Edo period (b.1614 )October 3 October 12 October 23 –Yamaga Sokō , Japanese philosopher (b.1622 )October 29 –Anne Wharton , English poet (b.1659 )October 30 –Michel Le Tellier , French statesman (b.1603 )November 4 –Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni , Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1597 )November 7 –Sir William Maynard, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.1641 )November 9 –Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (b.1661 )November 18 –George Courthope , English politician (b.1616 )November 28 December 12 –John Pell , English mathematician (b.1610 )date unknown –Nalan Xingde , Chinese poet who became a scholar and officer in the Imperial Bodyguard (b.1655 )^ Ulrich van der Heyden,Rote Adler an Afrikas Küste: Die Brandenburgisch-preussische Kolonie Grossfriedrichsburg in Westafrika ("Red eagles on the African coast: the Brandenburg-Prussian colony of Grossfriedrichsburg in West Africa") (Selignow, 2001) p. 32 ^ "La Salle Expedition" .The Handbook of Texas Online . RetrievedDecember 19, 2014 .^ "Wigtown Martyrs" .Undiscovered Scotland . RetrievedOctober 26, 2011 .^a b Harris, Tim (2004)."Scott (Crofts), James, duke of Monmouth and first duke of Buccleuch (1649–1685)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/24879 . RetrievedOctober 26, 2011 . (Subscription orUK public library membership required.) ^ de Choisy, Abbé (1993).Journal of a Voyage to Siam: 1685-1686 (Translated and Introduced by Michael Smithies) . Kuala Lumpur:Oxford University Press . p. 89.ISBN 967-65-3026-3 ^ Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991).Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century ISBN 0-87169-192-2 ^ Robert O. Bucholz and Joseph P. Ward,London A Social and Cultural History, 1550–1750 (Cambridge University Press, 2012) p. 130 ^ "Sweden", by Gustav Linder, inThe Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1906) ^ Roberts, J:History of the World , Penguin, 1994. ^ Armbruster, Caroline (2016). "Alice Molland (d.1685)". In Levin, Carole; et al. (eds.).A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives: 1500–1650 . Routledge. p. 334.OCLC 949870073 . ^ "John Gay – British Library" .www.bl.uk . RetrievedJanuary 1, 2023 .^ Fétis, François-Joseph (1866).Biographie Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie Générale de la Musique Firmin-Didot et Cie. p. 209.^ "Were there really women pirates?" .PantherBay.com . Archived fromthe original on April 28, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 17, 2021 .^ "Charles II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedDecember 30, 2020 .
%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor.jpg)
