Calendar year
September 19 : Virginian rebels commanded byNathaniel Bacon burn downJamestown, Virginia during war against British governor.August 17 : Sweden defeats Denmark-Norway inBattle of Halmstad .1676 (MDCLXXVI ) was aleap year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1676th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 76th year of the17th century , and the 7th year of the1670s decade. As of the start of 1676, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
December 4 :Battle of Lund
January 29 –Feodor III becomesTsar of Russia.January 31 –Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala , the oldest institution ofhigher education inCentral America , is founded.[ 1] January – Six months intoKing Philip's War ,Metacomet (King Philip), leader of theAlgonquian tribe known as theWampanoag , travels westward to theMohawk nation , seeking an alliance with the Mohawks against theEnglish colonists ofNew England ; his efforts in creating such an alliance are a failure.February 10 – After theNipmuc tribe attacksLancaster, Massachusetts , colonistMary Rowlandson is taken captive, and lives with the Indians untilMay .February 14 – Metacomet and his Wampanoags attackNorthampton, Massachusetts ; meanwhile, the Massachusetts Council debates whether a wall should be erected aroundBoston .February 23 – While the Massachusetts Council debates how to handle the Christian Indians they had exiled toDeer Island onOctober 13 ,1675 , a coalition of Indians led by Metacomet attacks colonial settlements just 16 km (9.9 mi) outside of Boston.March 29 –Providence, Rhode Island is attacked and destroyed by Native Americans.April 2 – ChiefCanonchet of theNarragansett people is captured by mercenaries of the Pequot, Mohegan and Niantic nations who have been hired by English settlers. He is offered a chance to live if he makes peace with the English, refuses, and is executed the next day inStonington, Connecticut .April 12 –Richard Raynsford becomes the newLord Chief Justice of England and Wales .April 21 –Sudbury Fight : The village ofSudbury, Massachusetts is attacked by Metacom'sWampanoag Confederation as one of the last major battles ofKing Phillip's War . Captain Samuel Wadworth and 28 of his men are killed in the defense of the town.April 22 – TheBattle of Augusta is fought in theMediterranean Sea off of the coast ofSicily during theFranco-Dutch War . The French Navy and the combined Dutch Republic and Spanish forces each lose over 500 men.May 2 –Mary Rowlandson is ransomed from captivity by Native Americans by a subscription raised by women of Boston.May 19 –Peskeomskut Massacre: Battle of Turner's Falls – Captain William Turner leads a raid at first light on an encampment consisting mainly of women and children. An estimated 300-400 lives are taken in less than half an hour, first from gunshot directly into the sleeping tents, then by sword and by drowning as the victims try to flee. This incident happens on the west bank of the Connecticut River, just above the falls known as Turner's Falls in Gill, Massachusetts.May 26 – A fire destroys the town hall and 624 houses inSouthwark , London.[ 2] May 31 – The Massachusetts Council finally decides to move the Christian Indians from Deer Island toCambridge, Massachusetts (approximate date).June 1 –Scanian War :Battle of Öland – A combined fleet of theDutch Republic andDenmark–Norway decisively defeats theSwedish Navy , which loses itsflagship Kronan June 12 – The Indian coalition attacks Hadley, Massachusetts, but are repelled byConnecticut troops.June 19 – Massachusetts issues a declaration ofamnesty to any Indian who surrenders.June –Bacon's Rebellion begins in theVirginia Colony . OnJuly 30 ,Nathaniel Bacon and his followers issue theDeclaration of the People of Virginia .July 2 – Major John Talcott and his troops begin sweepingConnecticut andRhode Island , capturing large numbers of Native Americans fromAlgonquian tribes and exporting them out of theEnglish colonies as slaves.July 4 – CaptainBenjamin Church and his soldiers begin sweepingPlymouth Colony , for any remaining Wampanoag tribesmen.July 11 – The Wampanoags attackTaunton, Massachusetts , but are repelled by colonists.July 17 – In France,Madame de Brinvilliers is executed for poisoning her father and brothers. The case also scares KingLouis XIV into starting a series of investigations about possible poisonings andwitchcraft (later called theAffair of the Poisons July 27 – Nearly 200Nipmuc tribesmen surrender to the English colonists inBoston .July 30 –Virginia colonistNathaniel Bacon and his makeshift army issue aDeclaration of the People of Virginia , instigatingBacon's Rebellion against the rule of GovernorWilliam Berkeley .August 2 – Captain Benjamin Church captures Metacomet's wife and son.August 12 – King Philip (Metacomet ), chief of theWampanoags that had waged a war throughout southernNew England that bore his name, is killed by an Indian named Alderman, a soldier led by Captain Benjamin Church.August 17 –Battle of Halmstad (fought at Fyllebro): Sweden gains a decisive victory overDenmark–Norway .August 28 – TheIrish Donation of 1676 is shipped fromDublin , to relieveBoston in theMassachusetts Bay Colony .September 19 September 21 –Pope Innocent XI succeedsPope Clement X , as the 240thPope of theRoman Catholic Church .Robert Walpole March 17 –Thomas Boston , Scottish church leader (d.1732 )March 27 –Francis II Rákóczi , Hungarian rebel against theHabsburgs (d.1735 )April 23 – KingFrederick I of Sweden (d.1751 )May 26 –Maria Clara Eimmart , German astronomer, engraver and designer (d.1707 )May 28 –Jacopo Riccati , Italian mathematician (d.1754 )June 17 –Louise de Maisonblanche , illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France (d.1718 )June 21 –Anthony Collins , English philosopher (d.1729 )July 3 –Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau , Prussian field marshal (d.1747 )July 14 –Caspar Abel , German theologian, historian, poet (d.1763 )August 26 –Robert Walpole , firstPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.1745 )[ 6] September 13 –Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans , duchess and regent of Lorraine (d.1744 )September 18 –Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg (d.1733 )October 8 –Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro , Spanish scholar (d.1764 )October 19 –Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes , Portuguese diplomat (d.1733 )November 8 –Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon , duchess of Maine, daughter in law of Louis XIV (d.1753 )date unknown –Alexander Selkirk , Scottish sailor (d.1721 )John Clarke Michiel de Ruyter Matthew Hale January 7 –Marco Faustini , Italian opera manager (b.1606 )January 13 –Isaac Commelin , Dutch historian (b.1598 )January 14 –Francesco Cavalli , Italian composer (b.1602 )January 16 –Georg Arnold , Austrian musician (b.1621 )January 29 – TsarAlexis of Russia (b.1629 )February 3 –François Chauveau , French painter (b.1613 )February 14 –Abraham Bosse , French engraver and artist (b. c.1604 )February 20 –Hugh Forth , English politician (b.1610 )March 2 –Juan de Almoguera , Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1673–1676) and Bishop of Arequipa (1659–1673) (b.1605 )March 21 –Henri Sauval , French historian (b.1623 )March 22 –Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford (b.1590 )March 23 –Paul Würtz , Swedish general (b.1612 )March 27 –Bernardino de Rebolledo , Spanish poet, soldier and diplomat (b.1597 )April 5 –John Winthrop the Younger , Governor of Connecticut (b.1606 )April 8 –Claudia Felicitas of Austria , Holy Roman Empress (b.1653 )April 20 –John Clarke , English physician (b.1609 )April 29 –Michiel de Ruyter , Dutch admiral (b.1607 )May 5 –Sir Richard Lloyd , English politician (b.1606 )May 7 –Henri Valois , French historian (b.1603 )May 25 –Johann Rahn , Swiss mathematician (b.1622 )May 26 –Thomas Rouse , English politician (b.1608 )June 1 –Karl Kaspar von der Leyen , German Catholic archbishop (b.1618 )June 7 –Paul Gerhardt , German hymnist (b.1606 )June 13 –Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy , wife of Ferdinand Maria (b.1636 )June 16 –Nathaniel Dickinson , American settler (b.1601 )June 29 –Hendrik van der Borcht II , German painter (b.1614 )July –Jesse Wharton colonial governor of Maryland July 5 –Carl Gustaf Wrangel , Swedish soldier (b.1613 )July 8 –Francis I Rákóczi , Hungarian prince of Transylvania (b.1645 )July 12 –Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg , German poet composer and (by marriage) Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b.1613 )July 22 –Pope Clement X (b.1590 )July 25 –François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac , French writer (b.1604 )July 17 –Madame de Brinvilliers , French murderer (b.1630 )August 11 –Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen , German writer (b.1621 )August 14 –Nicolò Sagredo , 105th Doge of Venice (b.1606 )August 28 –Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg , Duchess of Courland by marriage (1645–1676) (b.1617 )August 31 –Lars Stigzelius , Swedish Lutheran archbishop (b.1598 )September 4 –John Ogilby , Scottish-born impresario and cartographer active in Dublin and London (b.1600 )September 9 –Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve , French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (b.1612 )September 10 –Gerrard Winstanley , English religious reformer (b.1609 )September 11 –Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria (b.1616 )September 17 –Sabbatai Zevi , Montenegrin rabbi, kabbalist and founder of the JewishSabbatean movement (b.1626 )September 28 –Anna Maria Antigó , Spanish Catholic nun (b.1602 )October 6 –Claudia Rusca , Italian composer, singer, and organist (b.1593 )October 7 –Richard Neville , English soldier and MP (b.1615 )October 10 –Sebastian Knüpfer , German composer (b.1633 )October 13 –Juan de Arellano , Spanish artist (b.1614 )October 15 –Simon de Vos , Flemish painter (b.1603 )October 26 –Nathaniel Bacon , Virginian colonist and instigator of Bacon's Rebellion (b. circa 1640s)October 28 –Jean Desmarets , French writer (b.1595 )November 1 –Gisbertus Voetius , Dutch theologian (b.1589 )November 9 –Allart Pieter van Jongestall , Dutch jurist, politician, and diplomat (b.1612 )November 12 –Shang Kexi , Chinese general (b.1604 )December 11 –Roland Fréart de Chambray , French writer (b.1606 )December 12 –William Morice , English politician (b.1602 )December 18 –Edward Benlowes , English poet (b.1603 )December 19 –Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg and Count of Nassau-Schaumburg (1653–1676) (b.1629 )December 25 ^ Procedure 373 of the Guatemalan Real Audiencia in the General Archive of Indias. ^ Walford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great".The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance . C. & E. Layton. p. 43. ^ Hubbard, William (1848).A General History of New England, from the discovery to MDCLXXX . Boston: Little, Brown.^ "Leigh Rayment's list of baronets" . Archived fromthe original on October 21, 2019.^ "America's First Coffeehouse" .Massachusetts Travel Journal . Archived fromthe original on September 27, 2010. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2010 .^ "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford | prime minister of Great Britain" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedSeptember 1, 2021 .
